Hong Chengchou can be said to be a very controversial figure. Many people think that he is a traitor. But for the Qing Dynasty, he has made great contributions. It can be said that if there is no Hong Chengchou, there will be no Qing Dynasty, although Hong Chengchou has made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty. , Dang still did not avoid a miserable ending.
Hong Chengchou was young and poor. He helped his mother sell dried bean curd to make a living. He dropped out of school at the age of 11. The local scholar Hong Qiyin sympathized with him and taught Hong Chengchou "Historical Records", "Zhizhi Tongjian", "Three Kingdoms", "Sun Tzu Art of War", etc. In the 43rd year of Ming Shenzong Wanli, he was filial piety. The following year he entered Beijing to participate in the examination. He was awarded the top fourteen scholars. He was awarded the post of director of the Jiangxi Department of the Ministry of Penalty. In the 7th year of Emperor Xizong's Tianqi in the Ming Dynasty (1627), he was promoted to the Governor of Shaanxi Province.
Shaanxi was the place where peasant uprisings occurred at that time, and Hong Chengchou's judgment of peasant army was also very accurate, and he was also very brave in fighting peasant uprising army. Later he was promoted to governor of Yansui, and he was appointed governor of Shaanxi trilateral in October. In 1634, the Crown Prince Taibao, The Ministry of War is a book, and supervises military affairs in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Huguang, and suppresses peasant uprisings. Hong Chengchou also had a good record. In the battle against the peasant army, he captured the Chuang Wang Gao Yingxiang and sent him to death in Beijing. After losing Li Zicheng in a row, the peasant uprising turned into a low ebb, but at this time Lu Xiangsheng who fought against the Qing soldiers died, and the Emperor Chongzhen transferred Hong Chengchou. In the anti-Qing Dynasty, he was the governor of Jiliao. As the local generals refused to listen to orders and the central government urged them, Hong Chengchou ultimately failed in the fight against the Qing Dynasty. He was surrounded by Songshan, captured by the Qing soldiers, and finally persuaded to surrender.
Speaking of persuading surrender, there is also a legend that Huang Taiji sent Xiaozhuang to lure Hong Chengchou, and found that Hong Chengchou "cherished his clothes", and finally persuaded Hong Chengchou to surrender. After Hong Chengchou came to the Qing Dynasty, it can be said that he made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty.
1. Contributing to Dorgon, defeating Li Zicheng to enter the pass
Li Zicheng Dashun Army captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide, and the Ming Dynasty perished. At this time, Hong Chengchou suggested to Dorgun to "surprisingly, from Jizhou and Miyun to Beijing, and move forward quickly", and went straight to Beijing. Dorgon adopted Hong Chengchou’s suggestion and also accepted Wu Sangui’s surrender. Shunjun. Hong Chengchou proposed to target the Dashun Army and recruit the survivors of the Ming Dynasty. Soon the Qing court stabilized the three provinces of Beizhili, Shandong, and Shanxi, and moved the capital to Yanjing. After entering the customs, the Emperor Shunzhi appointed him as the Crown Prince Taibao, Shangshu of the Ministry of War, and Yudu Yushi of the Imperial Court. He was admitted to the Inner Court and was awarded a bachelor of the Secretary of the Academy. He became the first Chinese bachelor of the Qing Dynasty.
2. Do everything possible to help the Qing Dynasty appease Jiangnan
With the victorious victory of the Qing army, Dorgon was dazzled by the victory, so he issued an order to shave his hair, which aroused the anti-Qing climax of the people across the country, and the situation in Jiangnan was terrible. In the midst of distress, Dorgon replaced Duo with Hong Chengchou in June and awarded him the "University of Military Affairs of the Governors of Jiangnan Provinces" and gave him an imperative to act cheaply. During his tenure, Hong Chengchou tried his best to alleviate the ethnic conflicts between the Manchus and Hans, focusing on appeasement. Because he understood the minds of the soldiers and civilians of the Ming Dynasty, he was soon appeased, but in the process he also suppressed the massacre of a large number of righteous men loyal to the Ming royal family, and was vilified by the world.
3. Ping Yunnan and conquering the Yongli regime.
With the development of the situation, Emperor Yongli, with the support of Sun Kewang, occupied Yunnan and launched the Northern Expedition to the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty has been unable to resolve the Yongli regime. At this time, Hong Chengchou was already 61 At the age of 10, he was appointed as the "Caibao and Taishi Taishi, governing the five provinces of Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou, and governor of military affairs and food and payment". "The two ministries of officials and soldiers shall not be constrained, and the household shall not be delayed." "Report the news afterwards" and set out to conquer the Nanming Yongli regime. Under Hong Chengchou's efforts, the Qing soldiers calmed Yunnan, Hong Chengchou asked to send money to help the poor, and temporarily postponed the march to the Yu Department of King Gui who fled to Burma, so that the social order in Yungui after the war became stable and production began to recover. In August, he requested to return to Beijing due to his old age and physical deterioration and worsening eye problems. The following year, he was ordered to return to Beijing, but he was coldly treated.
Hong Chengchou made such a great contribution to the Qing Dynasty. It is reasonable to be highly rewarded by the Qing Dynasty. Even Wu Sangui was appointed King of Pingxi, but when Hong Chengchou retired, Emperor Kangxi granted Hong Chengchou the trivial third-class captain of light vehicles. What a humiliation to Hong Chengchou. After the Qing Dynasty accepted the Confucian culture, he considered him to be "rebellious to the Ming." Therefore, the Qing Dynasty included Hong Chengchou in the "Biography of the Second Minister". Second Minister A etc.
was not accepted in the Qing Dynasty, and was even more embarrassed in front of his fellow villagers and elders. After entering the Qing Dynasty, Hong Chengchou returned to his hometown to build a mansion in Quanzhou. After the completion of the Hong Mansion, no relatives or friends came to the door. Hong ChengBoth Chou's mother and younger brother refused to move in. The younger brother felt the country's demise, his elder brother surrendered to the enemy, vowed "not to wear the Qing Dynasty on his head, nor foot on the Qing Dynasty", and took his mother to live in the boat and live in seclusion across the river.
