Since December 2019, Wuhan City, Hubei Province has successively discovered multiple cases of pneumonia patients infected by the new coronavirus. With the spread of the epidemic, such cases have been found in other regions of my country and abroad. The disease has now been included in the Class B infectious diseases stipulated in the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases," and measures have been taken to prevent and control Class A infectious diseases. With the in-depth understanding of the disease and the accumulation of diagnosis and treatment experience, the "New Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Fourth Edition)" was released on January 27, and it is clear that the source of infection of the disease is mainly the new coronavirus infection. pneumonia patient. So far, people are more clearly aware that patients with pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus are the main source of infection, so in the process of systematic treatment of the source of infection, it indirectly leads to the further spread of the new coronavirus, which is called secondary infection. With the growth and spread of pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus, we should fully recognize the hiding place of the secondary source of infection and cut off a series of other infections induced by the source of infection-the secondary infection chain, which is beneficial to further early detection, early isolation, and Block early.
The "land" of secondary infection during transfer
How to block the secondary infection during the transfer of patients with new coronavirus infection to designated treatment hospitals, the use of negative pressure ambulances can be used to avoid ordinary The ambulance is a mobile place of secondary infection. The negative pressure ambulance uses technical means to make the air pressure in the car lower than the outside atmospheric pressure. When the air flows freely, the air can only flow from the outside to the inside of the car, and the negative pressure can also discharge the air in the car after harmless treatment. Avoid more people from being infected, and reduce the chance of more people being cross-infected when treating and transporting infectious diseases and other special diseases. The car is also equipped with a full set of rescue equipment such as ventilators, defibrillators, and ECG monitors. Rescue such as ultraviolet disinfection lamp, central oxygen supply interface, debridement suture operation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation can all be carried out in an ambulance, which is unimaginable in an ordinary ambulance. It is mainly used for the rescue of special diseases such as critically ill patients and infectious diseases. The negative pressure isolation stretcher (also known as the negative pressure isolation cabin) used in the early handling of pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus is an integrated body of the emergency stretcher and the isolation cabin for infectious patients. Their organic combination realizes multi-functional use.
The “land” of the secondary infection in the bed of the ward
How to block the secondary infection of the patients infected with the new coronavirus during the treatment of the designated hospitals, the use of negative pressure wards can be used, which can avoid ordinary wards to the greatest extent This time the place of infection. The negative pressure isolation ward is an important medical facility for treating patients with highly infectious respiratory infections, isolating pathogenic microorganisms and protecting medical staff. Mainly under a special device, the air pressure in the negative pressure ward is lower than the air pressure outside the ward, and fresh air outside can flow into the ward. The air in the ward that has been polluted by the patient will not leak out, but will pass through a special channel Discharge to a fixed place in time. There are two main functions of the negative pressure isolation ward for infectious diseases. The first is to use the principle of negative pressure to isolate pathogenic microorganisms, and at the same time to discharge the indoor air contaminated by patients after special treatment, which will not pollute the environment; the second is to ventilate and rationally The high airflow organization dilutes the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms in the ward, and keeps the medical staff in a favorable wind direction to protect the work safety of the medical staff. This negative pressure virus isolation technology is suitable for preventing infection by the new type of coronavirus. The wards are required to be closed, comfortable and clean. It has the rescue function of the ICU ward and is quite specific (mobile temporary negative pressure wards can also be used).
The "land" of secondary infection in washing equipment
How to block the secondary infection of aerosol during the cleaning process of the equipment used by patients infected with the new type of coronavirus, the use of comprehensive decontamination technology can be used, which can be maximized Limit to avoid the place where cleaning equipment is contagious. Usually, the disinfection supply center generates a large amount of aerosols during the cleaning process of the equipment due to the washing, the vibration of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, the impact of the high-pressure water gun, and the high-pressure air gun. The aerosols can also be generated during the configuration of the cleaning solution and the disinfectant. Mainly biological aerosols and liquid aerosols. During the cleaning of the equipment, the blood and body fluids of patients infected with the new coronavirus will form microbial aerosols. Microbial aerosols can cause staff infections and even the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases under certain conditions. When liquid is configured, aerosols can cause secondary infection hazards. The most effective way to deal with the protection of aerosols is to prevent the formation and dispersion of aerosols;For personal protection, wear masks, goggles and gloves, and wear special isolation gowns and slippers; scrub under water during operation, cover the machine during ultrasound, and configure cleaning and disinfection solutions (pour the liquid after adding water); Strictly wash hands before and after the operation, standardize the implementation of the seven-step hand-washing method; strengthen the training of personnel, adopt different forms of publicity and education to improve the protection compliance of the staff, so that they can truly master and correctly use the knowledge they have learned, and the concept of standard prevention Transform into a concept in daily work.
In the process of fighting pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus, the new type of coronavirus can be blocked by blocking the secondary infection "site" in transit, the secondary infection "site" in the ward bed, and the secondary infection "site" in the washing equipment. The virus, the original source of infection, has no place to hide, and the new "land" prevents the secondary infection of the new type of coronavirus, and fights the fight against the new type of coronavirus pneumonia.
(Author: former director of the emergency department of the PLA General Hospital Medical Center, third Wang Lixiang)
