"Water Margin", which are also very interesting.
1. The category of nicknames
The nicknames in "Water Margin" are the most prominent one hundred and eight generals, some are very domineering, such as Yunyunlong, Yuqilin, Feitian Dasheng, etc., some are very funny, such as , the ghost , Bantam Tiger , Golden Retriever, etc. In fact, these nicknames are nothing more than the following five categories, namely:
(1) Jade Kirin Lu Junyi , Yunlong Gongsun Sheng, Nine-patterned Dragon Shijin , Putian Carving Li Ying, Hunjianglong Li Jun, Dryland Hulu Zhu Gui, Golden Retriever Duan Jingzhu, Two-headed Snake Jiezhen, Two-tailed Scorpion Jiebao, Tong Gibbon Hou Jian, Jumping Stream Tiger Chen Da, White Flower Snake Yang Chun, Nine-tailed Turtle Tao Zongwang, Zhongjian Hu Ding Desun, Drum Shang Flea Shiqian, etc. Among them, there are more dragons and tigers. This category has the most nicknames, but some listen to Very good, in fact, he is a rookie. For example, Bai Sheng, the white mouse, has first-class acting skills, but he is not very good at martial arts. Animals like
are nicknames.
(2) Xiao Li Guanghuarong, Sick Wei Chi Sun Li, Huo Yan Luo Ruan Xiaoqi, Sick Guan Suo Yangxiong, Meibei Gong Zhu Li, Yunli King Kong Song Wan, Xiaowen Hou Lu Fang, Sai Rengui Guo Sheng, Mourning Gate God Bao Xu, Confused Demon King Fan Rui , Maotouxing Kong Ming, Du Mars Kong Liang, Eight Arms Nezha Xiangchong, Feitian Great Sage Li Gong, Iron Flute Immortal Ma Lin , and so on, these are either with the help of mythical figures, or with the help of famous figures in history, in short, they are pulling some fierce characters, taking into account some of the characteristics of these fierce people, such as "Little Li Guang", who knows archery as soon as he hears it The level is very high, of course, many of them are also straw bags, like Kong Ming, Kongliang brothers, obviously they are dipped in the light of Song Jiang . The category
is a nickname given to celebrities.
(3) Hubaoyi/ Timely Rain Song Jiang, Walker Wu Song, Flower Monk Lu Zhishen, Leopard Head Lin Chong, Green Face Beast Yang Zhi, Pioneer Suo Chao, Langli Baitiao Zhang Shun, Red-haired Ghost Liu Tang, Yizhang Qinghu Sanniang , White-faced Langjun Zheng Tianshou, etc., are either character characteristics or appearance characteristics. how. The category
is a nickname based on a character's personality.
(4) God Xing Taibao Dai Zong , God Machine Strategist Zhu Wu, Swordsman Cao Zheng, God Doctor An Daoquan , Jade Arm Craftsman Jin Dajian, God Operator Jiang Jing, Holy Hand Scholar Xiao Rang, Tie Mianmu , Pei Xuan, , etc. These nicknames, according to the name, are roughly their occupations. They are skilled talents. Although most of them are not high in status, they cannot cover the first-class level in the sub-field. The category
is a nickname given to occupational skills.
(5) big sword Guan Sheng, double whip Huyanzhuo , golden gunman Xu Ning, double gun general Dong Ping , no feather arrow Zhang Qing , etc. These categories are all related to weapons and are full of With the breath of force, most of them are in the ranks of the Thirty-six Generals of Tiangang, and the force value is online. The category
is a nickname given to weapons. The five categories of
are also applicable to other people appearing in "Water Margin", for example, Tota Tianwang Chao Gai, mouse crossing the street Zhang San , Xiu Shi in white Wang Lun, Sancun Dinggu bark Wu Dalang , etc., like "Three Inch Dinggu Bark", is undoubtedly very graphic, and the insult in the nickname is also more obvious. By extension, most of the Chinese classical novels who learn the nickname technique of Water Margin can also be classified into these five categories.
Second, some "wonderful" nicknames
In addition to some relatively easy-to-understand nicknames, there are also some more difficult to understand nicknames, partly due to the age, some words or things are not commonly used, some It was the dialect of the time, so it caused some difficulties. Typically thisA few examples:
(1) "A certain whirlwind", such as black whirlwind Li Kui, small whirlwind Chai Jin
"Whirlwind" is a kind of artillery battle in the Song Dynasty, which is easy to explode. Of course, gun battles are not a good word. As the folk saying goes, "It's hard for gods to hide from the smoke." Li Kui is known as the "black whirlwind". On the one hand, he has a dark complexion, and on the other hand, he has a fiery temper, which is like a gun battle. Chai Jin is called " small whirlwind ", this "small" does not mean size, but "Xiao", like, similar meaning, the small whirlwind seems to say that many things are caused by Chai Jin, of course, this explanation It's a bit far-fetched, and maybe "little whirlwind" has other meanings.
(2) Dryland Hulu : Zhu Gui's nickname, " villain is the eyes and ears of the king's leader, surnamed Zhu Minggui, originally from Yishui County, Yizhou, but called his younger brother to be 'Dryland Hulu '." Hulu is Hulei, which is another name for crocodile; dry land Hulu means a crocodile on land. The crocodile is out of the water, it seems to be almost meaningless, so Zhu Gui is in Liangshan. Although he is a veteran, he does not have many roles. .
(3) Huoyan Suyan: Deng Fei's nickname, " has red eyes for him, and everyone in all corners of the world calls him a cunning with Huoyan". The explanation is very clear, the eyes are red, maybe there is an eye disease, Suan is a lion, and together, it is a lion with red eyes, or a lion with pink eyes.
(4) Moyun Golden Wing: Ou Peng's nickname, " is strong in strength and has no competition, and the speed is like flying, Moyun Golden Wing is Oupeng ", it sounds very good, but the force is average. Yunben is Sanskrit and is a legendary big bird in Buddhism, which can probably be understood as a kind of bird.
(5) Flip the River Mirage : Tong Meng's nickname, this guy has a relatively low sense of presence, people who are not familiar with Water Margin, probably don't remember this character, " The river is full of water, and the boat can be built. , It's two brothers, one is called Dongjiao Tongwei, the other is called Fanjiang Mirage Tongmeng ", the water is good, and he can sail a boat. Mirage is a kind of legendary Jiao animal, it is said that it can exhale and turn into a mirage.
(6) Golden Eye Biao: 's nickname for Shi En. " makes a good boxing stick. People call him Jin-Eyed Biao Shien ." Biao is a kind of tiger. It can also be compared to being tall. Jin-Eyed Biao is a burly tiger.
(7) Live Shempo : Wang Dingliu's nickname, " villain's surname is Wang, ranking sixth. Because he walks and dances fast, everyone calls the villain to do work Shempo Wang Dingliu ", he He also explained that because he walked and jumped fast, he got such a nickname, "Huo Shan" or "Huo Shan", some places are the nickname of Lightning, and some people think it is Zhupolong, another name for Chinese alligator, with a small size. , agile movements, in short, because of the agile nickname.
(8) Jingmu : Hao Siwen's nickname, Guan Sheng's sworn brother, he is estimated to have two brushes, otherwise he would not have sworn in with Guan Sheng, " had his mother Mengjing Muyu reincarnated, so he had Pregnant, this person was born later, so people called him 'Jingmuqi'. This brother has eighteen martial arts, and he can't do anything. "犴, in the north, mostly refers to a kind of black-mouthed wild dog like a fox; Jingmuqi, It is a kind of ferocious beast like a dog in the legend. It was often painted on the door of the prison in ancient times. Among the twenty-eight constellations, there is also one called Jingmuqi.
3. The significance of using nicknames
has a lot of nicknames in "Water Margin". According to statistics, more than 200 people have "nicknames". Because the world described by the Water Margin is mostly the bottom-level life in the rivers and lakes, these nicknames are mostly nicknames for the people of the rivers and lakes. And as soon as you read these nicknames, you can probably know some information about this person. For example, Wu Yong's name is "Zhi Duo Xing", which is obviously more resourceful; Song Jiang's name "Timely Rain" undoubtedly implies his reputation for charity, and he is also called "Hoobao". "Righteousness", also expressed the affirmation of his loyalty in the rivers and lakes; Wu Dalang was called "Three-inch Dinggu Bark", which was extremely insulting and was doomed to a tragic life.
If you call Yunlong and Yuqilin, you will know that your status is not ordinary, but what is the name of a rat crossing the street or a flea on a drum, you will know that it is someone who steals chickens.Dog generation. People who are in the arena must have a little bit of skill. Nicknames often represent their reputation in the arena, so what the nickname is is very important.
Therefore, the nicknames of these characters, on the one hand, reflect the personal characteristics of the characters, and on the other hand, reflect the evaluation of the "heroes" in this kind of rivers and lakes at that time.
(recommend Jin Shengtan's criticism of the book's Water Margin, and see the brilliant comments on the content of Water Margin)
has a scholar who concluded that "nicknames, in a sense, are also one of the artistic means of typifying the characters in the works. Using an external name to more concisely and accurately summarize the intrinsic essential characteristics of a typical character of a certain era and a certain class, both the brand of the era and the personality characteristics of a character, it makes the character pass on the spirit with a nickname. , readers will be able to understand its character in an instant."
Wen Xuexuan's words, but the summary is in place and very general.
