● All those who have heard his lecture say that listening to Huang Kun's lecture is simply a pleasure. Take the time when he taught general physics, for example, he wrote many articles in the Physics Bulletin to exchange his thoughts on teaching.
● He often works at night, so he uses cigarettes to boost his spirits and develops a habit of smoking a lot, which also damages his health.
● Mr. Huang Kun is an internationally top figure in solid theory, but he has taken few graduate students for decades, and can't count ten people, and the number of people who really graduated is even smaller.
● Once, because of curiosity, I did not ask Huang Kun big or small, your mother had no opinion on your coming back from marrying a foreign daughter-in-law? Mr. Huang said that their relationship is very good, and my mother likes her very much.
● Mr. Huang Kun was able to devote himself to work and made a significant contribution to China's semiconductor industry. It is no exaggeration to say that the credit is half of Li Aifu's.
Author | Yu Lisheng (School of Physics, Peking University)
Time flies quickly, like a white horse passing by. The stars of last night fell one by one, and Mr. Huang Kun has been away from us for 14 years in a blink of an eye. Although the
star has fallen, the light of this star will always exist in the annals of scientific history and will always remain in the hearts of all our descendants.
Although I am not a direct disciple of Mr. Huang Kun’s solid theory, I am one of his earliest students. Later, I worked together at Peking University for decades and had many contacts. The memory of five or six ten years ago is still clear.
I should write it down so that young people can see a flesh and blood Mr. Huang Kun, not just a great label.
In 1951, I was admitted to the Department of Physics of Old Peking University. Mr. Huang Kun did not come back from England until the autumn. Therefore, our general physics course was taught by Zhu Guangya with Zhao Kaihua as an assistant. After Huang Kun came, he opened a workshop for graduate students.
At that time, the number of students in the Physics Department of Peking University was very small, and the total number of students in the four grades was only over 60.
Zhu Guangya does not smile. During class and after class, his face was serious and frowning. Huang Kun was more active. He liked to make jokes and talked humorously. The critics were also humorous and sarcastic, so the students had no worries about approaching him and were casual.
At that time, Peking Dali University was in a palace on Jingshan East Street. There are not many teachers in the department. Single teachers live in the last courtyard of the palace, just behind our laboratory.
In the winter of 1951, the school launched a movement to reform intellectuals and mixed teachers and students. I happened to be in the same group with Mr. Huang Kun, as well as professors such as Zhang Zongsui and Hu Ning.
Zhu Guangya did not participate, he was transferred to the frontline Panmunjom in North Korea to do an interpreter.
meetings are in the rooms of these single professors.
I was just 17 years old at the time, curious and active, they were criticizing and self-criticizing, but I just opened my eyes to listen to these funny stories. Therefore, I became acquainted with these teachers who are twice my age, and I will often be silent in future contacts, regardless of age.
Mr. Huang Kun was very progressive at that time. He also tried to improve his ideological understanding and adapt to the environment of New China. He already had a British girlfriend at that time, his colleague Avril Rhys at the University of Liverpool, who had co-published an article about F-center.
Huang Kun's classic book "Lattice Dynamics" has basically been written, and he can also foresee that this book will establish his position in the field of solid state physics, and the future of staying abroad is boundless. But he returned home with the determination to make a grand plan for the construction of New China.
In the spring of 1952, Avril Rhys, a 26-year-old British girl, fluttered across the sea alone to a country that was completely unknown to Westerners. How much courage was needed for this! The power of love is too great.
She went to Hong Kong first, and Huang Kun's eldest brother Huang Yan bought the ticket to Tanggu for him, and Huang Kun went to Tanggu to pick it up. After I arrived in Beijing, I stayed at the Beijing Hotel for three days and married Huang Kun and moved to the single dormitory of Huang Kun.
From then on, they played in harmony, ups and downs, and lived together for 53 years until Huang Kun died in 2005.
Mr. Huang Kun's wedding photo
1999 Huang Kun80th birthday, blowing candles with his wife
In 1952, the department was adjusted and Peking University moved to Yanyuan. Huang Kun taught us the general physics for the next 1952 entrance. He devoted himself to teaching and developed a model for general physics at Peking University.
The solid theory courses and semiconductor physics courses in our third and fourth grades were taught by Huang Kun. All those who have heard his lecture say that listening to Huang Kun's lecture is simply a pleasure.
He first explained the concept of physics very clearly, so that students have a clear picture of physics, and then used mathematical formulas to derive strictly. He lectures and gives academic reports, even laymen in this field can understand.
I have worked at Peking University for decades, and I have listened to countless classes at home and abroad, and no one can teach them so well.
This is not a question of skills, but a profound academic level.
He spends a lot of time preparing lessons. He has a thorough understanding of physics. He has a good foundation to express three points in plain language in class. Taking the time he taught general physics,
wrote many articles in the Physics Bulletin to exchange his thoughts on teaching. When
gave us a lecture on solid theory, many observers came, and the large lecture halls were full. On the contrary, the serious students of Peking University have to grab the position early.
When he lectures, he is fluent, one after another, the people who listen to the lecture really enjoy learning the knowledge.
I took two notes from this course in 1954, and I keep them to this day.
Lecture Notes
Mr. Huang Kun is also extremely sensitive to the development of the world's cutting-edge science. Shockley, Brattan and Barding from the United States have published the amplification phenomenon of semiconductor transistors. He soon saw the importance of this field. Sex.
In 1954, the specialization of solid state physics in the physics department of Peking University established the semiconductor field. There were ten students. I was one of the first semiconductor students.
The author's 1955 graduation photo. Huang Kun is sitting. The only girl squatting next to him is the author of this article
. At the same time, he and Wang Shouwu and other experts specifically proposed to concentrate in the national 12-year science and technology plan. Quickly cultivate a group of semiconductor technology backbones.
was approved by the central government, and a group of about two hundred students were selected from the third-year students of Peking University, Nanjing University, Fudan University, Xiamen University and Northeast Renmin University (now Jilin University), and some teachers were gathered at Peking University. A five-university semiconductor major (called specialization at the time).
accumulated experience from 1956 to 1958, and then each school went back to do its own semiconductor major.
Of course, this important task fell on Huang Kun himself. He served as the director of the teaching and research section. Huang Kun personally intervened and participated in everything from personnel transfer and organization to course arrangements to selection of syllabus and scientific research direction.
At the same time, he also lectured on solid-state physics, and jointly lectured on semiconductor physics with Xie Xide, and compiled the first book of "Semiconductor Physics" in China, which was published in 1958. This book became a lot of A textbook for the school’s semiconductor major. The workload of
made him very tired. He often works at night, so he uses cigarettes to boost his spirits and develops a habit of smoking a lot, which also damages his health.
saw him bring a hat to work once in the morning, he suddenly turned the hat into a bald head.
Everyone was very surprised, and asked him, he said that all his hair fell out overnight, probably because he had shaved his head. But he also said humorously that this would be fine, no need to spend time getting a haircut.
During this period, his book "Lattice Dynamics" was also published in China, and won the first prize and won the prize. We each received a copy, and he invited all of us from the teaching and research section to Quanjude to have a lively meal of roast duck.
The author has kept two books
during this period, the Ministry of Education invited a Soviet expert for Peking University to conduct research on semiconductor experiments.
I was sent to do a full-time Russian translation of Soviet experts, including lectures, lectures, expert-led student seminars, and translation work between experts and Huang Kun.
Although we all know that, regardless of fame and level,Huang Kun is much better than experts, but he still respects Soviet experts very much, supports his work, and has established good relationships.
has also established good friendships with other Soviet experts in the department, such as Vasilyev, Konovalov and Sheman.
sent Sheman experts back to China at the train station. The second person from the right squatting in the front row is Huang Kun. This strategic move has played an incalculable role in the development of our national semiconductor industry.
is also very timely in running the school. When Shockley and the other three won the Nobel Prize in 1956, our joint semiconductor major had already started. The
group of students graduated in 1957, and some graduated in 1958. They were distributed across the country and blossomed across the country like seeds, which promoted the development of my country's semiconductor industry.
thirty years later, in 1986, we reunited again, and every student is a leader in semiconductor companies and schools in various regions. And they have trained generations of semiconductor people. What
should also explain is that Tsinghua University also sent 8 students to attend our main courses, and they all became the backbone of Tsinghua University.
took a group photo with students majoring in semiconductors from the five universities. The eighth person from the left in the second row is Huang Kun
Huang Kun himself is doing solid-state theoretical research, but he attaches great importance to experimental research, especially the construction of laboratories.
He often said that experimental work is the foundation. We have opened a course on transistor principles based on the literature. No one who teaches transistor courses has seen transistors. We must make our own transistors. In the two years after the completion of the joint semiconductor major of
, Peking University focused on laboratory construction.
In addition to the isotope diffusion research laboratory built by the Soviet experts when they were there, the MoD led the construction of a silicon single crystal purification laboratory, which first solved the semiconductor material problem. At the same time, experimental research work on transistors has been carried out.
Group photo of professional semiconductor teachers from five schools. The seventh person from the left in the front row is Huang Kun, the eighth person is Nanda Xiong Zijing, the tenth person is Xie Xide, and the first person from the left in the back row is the author of this article
thirty years ( 198 6 years) and then reunited at Peking University. Behind the center basket of the front row are Zhou Peiyuan and Peng Peiyun, on the right are Xie Xide, Zhou Peiyuan is on the left are Lu Ping and Huang Kun, and the author
standing behind Zhou Peiyuan has experienced the Great Leap Forward and three years of difficult times. When I came back from the Soviet Union at the end of 1963 and returned to work in the teaching and research section, Mr. Huang Kun was preparing to set up the solid-state energy spectroscopy research section, and I participated in the construction of the magnetic resonance laboratory. There is also a crystal optics research room under construction.
Lu Ping, President of Peking University, also strongly supports Huang Kun's work. Lu Ping once said that a good man, a good man, and a good spear are given to Huang Kun first.
So Huang Kun asked me to organize staff to recruit a group of graduates from engineering colleges such as Tsinghua University and Tianjin University.
He believes that graduates of engineering colleges have strong hands-on skills and can build laboratories faster. At the same time,
also recruited a group of experimenters in the secondary technical school to support the operation of the laboratory. The equipment is also designed by ourselves in contact with suitable factories outside, and everything starts from the spirit of self-reliance.
Just as we were working in full swing, the good times did not last long. When the Four Cleansing Movement began, the mountains and rain were about to come and the wind filled the buildings, and the school became very unstable. Immediately after the Cultural Revolution began, people were confused by a blow.
's long ten-year turmoil has all these efforts vanished. Huang Kun was also hit hard.
Until the end of the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping and transferred Huang Kun to the Semiconductor Research Institute with a single sentence and started his second journey.
Mr. Huang Kun is an internationally top figure in solid theory, but he has taken few graduate students for decades, and he can't count ten people, and the number of people who really graduated is even smaller.
The conditions for his selection of direct disciples are very demanding, and he must be the one who really looks at him.
I asked him why he didn't bring more, cultivate more talents, and become a school of his own. Others have a large wave of graduate students.
His answer is that top-notch theoretical talents are needed, but not too much but less and fine. What is needed is that the experimental work is done well, andPeople with a higher theoretical level.
This may be his thoughts on the talent structure of scientific research.
Huang Kun has strict self-discipline, and his family's life is extremely simple.
remember that when the faculty was adjusted in 1952, the department had to arrange a job for his wife. She graduated from a university in the UK and at least had to be a teaching assistant.
But Huang Kun firmly disagreed, and only agreed to arrange a job as an experimenter. He said that because of his poor Chinese, he could not teach.
Huang Kun gave his wife the Chinese name Li Aifu. Someone asked him why, he said it started according to the English pronunciation.
Cao Changqi, his first graduate student, jokingly said to him, just call Li Aifu. I said that I love my husband and need to raise children to be comprehensive. Huang Kun smiled and said, just talk nonsense by yourself, raise your leg and leave.
Li Aifu works hard to learn Chinese and makes rapid progress.
remember that in the mid-1950s, I worked in the semiconductor teaching and research section after graduation. At that time they already had two sons, both of whom were very young.
Mr. Huang has heavy teaching tasks and often prepares and discusses lessons day and night. In addition to work, Mr. Li has to take on all the housework and learn Chinese to speak and write.
Once I went to her house, and after discussing the teaching and research section with Mr. Huang, I went to their big room to see Mr. Li and the children.
I saw two children playing on the bed, one jumping, the other crawling, a bed of small pieces of paper and old photos, while Mr. Li himself was sitting at the desk, writing strokes on the small squares used by the pupils. Practice the Chinese characters on the school, and write very neatly.
In order for Mr. Li to better master Chinese, they do not speak English at home. Therefore, the authentic Beijing movies spoken by the two children were all English that they learned after they grew up.
I met Huang Kun's mother in Huang Kun's house in the 1950s, a very neat old lady. When Huang Kun's eldest son was born, she was 60 years old, so she nicknamed "Qing Liu".
I know that she is from pretty girls and she has high demands on her daughter-in-law.
Once, because of curiosity, I did not ask Huang Kun big or small, your mother had no opinion on your coming back from marrying a foreign daughter-in-law? Mr. Huang said that their relationship is very good, and my mother likes her very much.
This is true, and a good wife and mother like her is also extremely rare among Chinese.
Mr. Huang Kun always supports her unconditionally no matter what she does, and she is a graduate of the physics department of a British university, willing to work diligently only in the laboratory for a lifetime of teaching assistant work, with a meager salary And without complaint, how many people in China can do it?
Mr. Huang Kun was able to devote himself to work and made significant contributions to China's semiconductor industry. It is no exaggeration to say that the credit is half of Li Aifu's.
She treats people sincerely in her work and life, without any selfishness, she does not care about fame and wealth at all, does not pursue, and even hates the pursuit of fame, wealth and enjoyment, and her life is simple and happy. People who have been in contact with
can feel that her kindness and sincerity are not deliberately made, but from her heart itself. She is more popular in the physics department than all Chinese people.
During the Cultural Revolution, Mr. Huang Kun was shocked, but no one in the Physics Department said anything bad about Li Aifu, and no big-character poster was aimed at her or brought her along.
Their family has lived in the 70-square-meter house in Zhongguanyuan, Peking University in the early 1950s until they died. Although the Academy of Sciences later gave them a five-room academician's room in Huangzhuang, it was only two years before Huang Kun's death. Because Huang Kun couldn't turn around in a wheelchair and couldn't get off the building, he went to live for two years.
I have visited before. Almost all the rooms are empty except for a few pieces of furniture, beds and tables.
After Huang Kun died, Li Aifu immediately moved back to Zhongguanyuan until her own death in 2013.
After Huang Kun passed away, I sat next to her during the Spring Festival dinner in 2007. During a small chat, I asked her, are you going back to live in the UK? She said, why should I go back, I am Chinese, and this is my home.
She has already integrated her heart and everything into China. She has been in China for 61 years, and everyone who has been in contact with her admires her character in their hearts.
In 2013, 87-year-old Mr. Li Aifu passed away in China.
Once I heard a comrade from the Semiconductor Institute said that they were a little afraid of Huang Kun, but Huang Kun is actually very easy-going.
Huang Kun in the early sixtiesThere is a Soviet-style black-and-white TV set at home. Whenever there are major programs, young teachers in the teaching and research section flock to his home to watch TV. The room is crowded with people. Many people climb onto his big bed, and some even stand Big bed.
I was not in the country at the time. Later, when Chen Chenjia talked about it, I said, I was presumptuous enough, and you were crazier than me. Lin Fuheng, a young teacher in the teaching and research section of
, had tuberculosis. The operation at the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University failed and was dying. It was Huang Kun who managed to transfer Lin to Fuwai Hospital for another operation, and at the same time, Huang Kun used the royalties from his book to buy a special medicine from a British trustee that saved his life.
Lin Fuheng always said that Huang Kun was his lifesaver.
Huang Kun has a special liking for Xiangshan. Whenever he has time, he wants his family to climb Xiangshan, and even takes young people from the teaching and research section to play.
In the picture below, the third person from the left in the front row is Huang Kun, and the second person from the right in the back row is Li Aifu. The children in the front row are their two sons.
Xiangshan photo
198 At the time of Huang Kun’s 70th birthday in 2009, the Department of Physics of Peking University held a grand celebration for him. The department decided to send a couplet, and asked the calligrapher to write it and give it to him.
They found some people to draft it. After they got it, it was nothing more than nothing. The life was sparse for seventy years, and the whole world was full of peaches and plums.
Gan Zizhao called and told me, you know him, you can write one. Anyway, you just broke your leg and can't go anywhere. Based on Huang Kun’s experience, I wrote the following lines in a line-drawing way:
cross the oceans, welcome the sunrise, care about the motherland, arrogant fame and wealth like grass mustard; climb the peak, go through tribulations, revitalize China, and hear Disciple and disciple are all pillars.
This is also a summary of my understanding of Huang Kun. Unexpectedly, they actually adopted it. Now this long couplet written by the calligrapher has been taken and preserved by his younger son.
199 At the time of Huang Kun’s 80th birthday, Wang Yangyuan took the lead in organizing a small celebration for him in Xiaotangshan Jiuhua Villa.
Wang Yangyuan frequently toasts to me during the meal, let me write a few more words, they will use photolithography to print on the silicon wafer and give it to Huang Kun.
I have repeatedly declined to say that Jiang Lang is exhausted and has no such ability. Later, when I came back, I suddenly had an idea and wrote four sentences.
They took the first and last two sentences and engraved them on the silicon chip:
, a first-class scholar, the world's first-class scholar, Hui Qianqiu, the great master of
, is now kept in the Huangkun counter of the Peking University Library.
Later, when I saw Huang Kun, I said that you are alive, and I will write you another one when I reach my 90th birthday. He said, okay! Unfortunately, he died at the age of 86.
is now a hundred years old, I will write this article and miss him deeply. The history of
is the passing of one generation after another.
and their generation have passed away. Many of their scientists' contributions and sacrifices for the prosperity of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will be recorded in the history of China forever. There is a long list of names of scientists who will become the pride and role model for the younger generations of the Chinese nation.
I am writing this reminiscence article to send a message to the current students. You are lucky. In the youth and youth of the older generation of scientists, the iron hoof of the Japanese invaders crushed the mountains and rivers of China, and the huge North China could not put a peaceful picture. Desk. The students can only go to the southwest to study, and then go abroad for further study.
New China was founded, and all of them returned to the motherland without hesitation. They started from scratch and started various scientific and technological work in New China.
And our generation also spent their childhood in displacement. After graduating from university, the teachers who followed us were dedicated to developing the cause of science and technology.
But after all, our national power was limited at that time, the industrial level was low, foreign embargoes, and all the instruments and equipment had to be designed and manufactured by ourselves. Even if there is a good theoretical idea, it cannot be realized without experimental conditions.
And you are in a great era. China already has a complete industrial system, and the country is open, and exchanges with the world are frequent.
believes that you will be able to give full play to the ingenuity of the Chinese, inherit the spirit of never giving up on your ancestors, and take the core technology of our country in your own hands, and you will never be controlled by others.
semiconductor students, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation rests on your generation's shoulders, and victory lies in your generation's hands.
This article is reproduced from "A Generation of Masters, Honesty and Streaming-Commemorating the Centenary Birthday of Mr. Huang Kun" (Science Press, 2019)
