Yang Qingjun Time to pick up historical events
Martin Luther is too important in German history, so we spent too much time, this time there is a small tail, continue to pick up Luther's more exciting old age than his early years.
's negative evaluation of Luther in history, because this person who represents the spirit of resistance actually betrayed the revolution, and in the end it even made people feel that he betrayed himself. The main evidence of betrayal is his opposition to the Peasant War. At the beginning of the 16th century, the situation of German peasants was very miserable. The peasants launched more than a dozen "uprisings." They only demanded to live. They wanted to catch fish or hunt or even when they were punished, they kept their right hand to work. But Germany The feudal aristocracy was notoriously brutal in European history. Coupled with the endless squeezing by the church, the life of the bottom peasants was very difficult. So these people who have problems with survival have thrown themselves into Luther's embrace. What they need is spiritual comfort, and Luther's theory just meets the needs of these people.
A peasant uprising broke out in southern Germany in 1525. Luther, as the spiritual leader, was of course regarded as the one who should speak out. The uprising peasants regarded him as the leader, and the rebelled princes hoped that Luther would stand on their side. At first, Luther stood on the side of the peasants to help refute the lords’ unreasonableness, but the peasants did not buy his account. He asked the peasants to be peaceful and calm, which made these low-level poor people who were about to explode very disgusted. At this time, the peasants had a better fit. The leader of the heart is Minzel. Minzer, if you only have high school textbooks, you won’t have much contact, but if you study history in college, you will easily see him in the course of modern history of the world. He is in teaching. There is no big disagreement with Luther in these aspects. The difference is that this product is very radical. He excitedly encouraged the peasant revolution. This made the conservative and cautious Luther scared. He was originally a member of the same group. However, he encouraged Turin in Munzer. When the root farmers rebelled and organized a commune, Luther's antipathy towards him exploded.
So Martin Luther is such a person. He is not as brave as history expects. He has been trembling, and wherever he goes, he is different from what he expected, precisely because of his hesitant and neurotic character. , Which led to his life like an amnesia drama. What he said and did was repeatedly beaten in the face by what he said later. For example, with regard to the attitude of the peasant war, a few weeks ago he said that the peasants’ demands were reasonable. Be safe and restless. Later, when the peasants were rioted, he immediately accused them of being a group of robbers. He said:
"must let ordinary people eat something." Or they will be even more nonsense. Patience and compassion are of no use. We need swords and put those mobs to death like mad dogs.” (I often see similar words in the comment section of the scarf, saying that what life is really on the scarf There are birds and beasts that have been seen for a long time)
Luther's attitude disappointed Minzel. Minzel very fiercely refuted how pitiful the hard-working farmers are and they deserve rights. The consequence of this is that Minzel was hanged and the peasants lost their leadership. This vigorous peasant uprising died in a pool of blood, and hundreds of thousands of peasants were killed. Until later, the mention of German torture was always jaw-dropping, and how did Luther say that although he did not personally kill the poor insurgents, he did stand on the opposite side of the laboring masses, anyway. This is all a step backwards to the revolution.
But Luther is still the leader of the Reformation, there is no doubt. Although his face-slapped performance in the Peasant War made him a lot of fans, but as the saying goes, the casino is frustrated and proud, Martin Luther did not end his wonderful life, and then he married a wife. Luther did not seem conservative at all. On the contrary, he did something that no one could understand at the time. As a priest, he got married. However, his marriage is not very glorious, the plot is very tortuous, full of BGM raindrops on the green grass. His wife was Catherine, a very rebellious nun. She followed eight other nuns and escaped from the monastery by hiding in a fish bucket. She had an affair with a man from Nuremberg. However, Catherine's identity as she escaped from the monastery was not glorious. , So it was later abandoned. And Luther fell in love with a lady who had status. That lady didn't have any interest in Luther, so Luther was naturally kicked off by someone he liked. In this way, two emotionally bumpy people met and endedTogether, it can be seen that Catherine is bold. This and Luther share a common language to a large extent. The two have a very good relationship. They have had 6 children successively, and Luther wrote a lot to his wife. Love poems, it can be said that marriage brought him great happiness.
A good wife in the family can't stop Luther's neurotic changes in his later years. He has always been in the pain of fear and challenge, obedience and confidence. In his later years, the entire northern part of Germany became the sphere of influence of Protestantism. However, as the center of Protestantism, Luther supported his momentum only by translation. What he said when he was young was overthrown bit by bit by himself, and it was difficult for him to split his personality like this. One of the most famous "betrayals" was anti-Semitism and the other was criticizing. When
was young, Luther's attitude towards Jews was relatively friendly, at least he did not object, he even said to treat Jews kindly and unite them. However, the elderly Luther changed his attitude towards the Jews in 180 degrees, saying that they were the real demons to be defeated and pierced. I don't know if it was because of the Jewish lending in the late Middle Ages that Europeans were disgusted, and religion became a cloak for economic reasons. After 400 years, these ruthless words of Luther were treasured by the Nazis. Such suggestions as gathering Jews in corrals obviously provided good inspiration for Nazi concentration camps. The last point of
is a criticism of Germany. Luther's greatest contribution to the Reformation should be the translation of documents. The difficult Latin language was replaced by the popular German, which of course also played a huge role in the awakening of German national consciousness. However, in his later years, Luther criticized "Germany", which was not yet national...er...regions..., and bluntly said "the pill of your country." This kind of hatred for iron and steel is only in Germany's Goethe. It is comparable to Nietzsche and China's Weibo comments. . .
Just before Luther's deathbed, the missionary asked him if he still adhered to his doctrine, and he gave a very firm answer. However, that sentence is not in German.
is Latin.
References
"Germans-A Country with Double History"
"Germans"
"Religious Reform and the German Peasant War"
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