In the spring equinox, walking into Yongan, the city is full of greenery. This county-level city with a population of only more than 300,000 and an area of less than 3,000 square kilometers is the three major cultural centers of the War of Resistance Against Japan, as famous as Chongqing and Guilin. The red anti-Japanese culture has brought endless spiritual wealth to the Yongan people.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Fujian Provincial Government of the Kuomintang moved from Fuzhou to Yong'an, a mountain city in central Fujian, and served as the capital of wartime for seven and a half years (May 1938-October 1945). Under the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party advocated by the Communist Party of China, a large number of revolutionary intellectuals, patriotic and progressive people, enthusiastic youths and some hidden Communist Party members gathered in Yongan to form a large-scale cultural army. They used pen and ink as swords and guns, formed a huge anti-Japanese national salvation public opinion, and carried out vigorous anti-Japanese cultural activities, making Yong'an a banner of the southeast anti-Japanese culture.
The publishing industry is booming. Zhang Chengzhong, the former curator of the Municipal Museum of
, told reporters that in that year, more than 100 institutions, schools, and organizations moved to Yongan. "At that time, the local population of Yong'an was only 30,000, and the number of foreigners was 30,000 or 40,000." This included the famous writer Li Liewen, outstanding military strategist Yang Chao (yangzao), painter Sa Yifo, etc. After they arrived in Yong'an, they carried out anti-Japanese cultural activities effectively and prospered the cultural undertakings of the Anti-Japanese War, making Yong'an a famous cultural city in the southeast at that time.
Among the many progressive publications founded by Yongan at that time, "Improvement" is considered the most influential one. The editor-in-chief Li Liewen appealed in his release speech: “Under the situation of excessive lack of spiritual food for the people of Southeast Asia... we are holding “sending charcoal in the snow” and want to use meager strength to remedy the situation as much as possible.” He spreads to the whole country. The call for papers attracted a large number of prestigious scholars, writers and journalists with his sincerity and spirit of improvement, including Guo Moruo, Ba Jin, Lao She, Ai Qing, Zhu Ziqing, Fan Changjiang, etc.
Huang Yonglin, 80, of Xiahe Village, Caoyuan Town, still does not know that the group of people who lived in the Huang's ancestral hall at that time were members of the editorial department of the "Zhenzhen" publishing house. For Huang Yonglin, who was only seven or eight years old at the time, the printing machines that hurried all night and the passers-by holding manuscript paper were full of curiosity. "The courageous children will sneak into the printing factory to pick up the edges of the paper they have cut off, and the printers will jokingly apply ink to the children's faces..."
is also in Xiahe Village. 70-year-old Huang Shaomei did not have the opportunity to experience it personally. But I heard from my parents that there were two writers living in their home. "It was written to propagate the anti-Japanese." Huang Shaomei said. Later, after textual research, the couple living in Huang Shaomei's home were Shao Quanlin and Ge Qin, heads of the Southeastern Cultural Committee of the Communist Party of China.
"People" was a newspaper directly led and founded by underground members of the Communist Party of China at that time. Gao Shiliang, who participated in the editing work at that time, is now 104 years old. He wrote in his preface for "The Cultural History of the Yongan War of Resistance": "At that time, there was nothing in Yongan. Electric lights, we go to work during the day and write under the oil lamp at night. Engraving wax plates and mimeographs are all done by ourselves. With the continuous expansion of the editorial team, the publication of the publication has also changed from mimeograph to type printing, and the circulation has also expanded from dozens of copies to Thousands of copies of "People" published the anti-Japanese achievements of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, and also published articles on the three major policies of uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and helping peasants and workers." According to incomplete statistics, there were nearly 40 publications in Yongan during the war. The agency, 20 editing units, 4 news and communication agencies, 19 printing units, edits and distributes 12 types of newspapers, 129 types of periodicals, and publishes more than 800 types of books, series and monographs. Among them are some of the best-selling books in Fujian and even the whole country. These publications have played a positive role in awakening the people's common hatred against Japan. During the Anti-Japanese War, there were only 9 colleges and universities in Fujian Province, 4 of which were in Yong'an. Among them, the most far-reaching influence on later generations is the National Fujian Music College. The alumni at that time created a lot of anti-Japanese and national salvation songs like "Wing On Night" in a difficult environment. They also used the winter and summer vacations to conduct tours, hold more than a hundred concerts, spread music culture, carry out anti-Japanese propaganda, fundraising for the anti-Japanese war and other activities, and traveled all over Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Guangdong.
Le Kaifeng is a music teacher at Yong'an No. 12 Middle School. In 2013, with the support of the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee, he visited many alumni from Fuzhou, Xiamen, Beijing and other places. "These alumni are all over the country, and things have been high for many years. It is really not easy to meet each other." Le Kaifeng said, let himWhat impressed me the most was that as long as every alumnus heard that it was from Yongan, "It's like seeing relatives, and we will always receive the highest level of reception."
talked about that special "journey" that year, Le Kaifeng still remembered. During the summer vacation in 2013, he had made an appointment to visit Zhong Yue, an alumnus who had worked at Fujian People’s Radio. At that time, the 93-year-old was suddenly unwell. , The trip is cancelled. After returning to Yong'an, Le Kaifeng unexpectedly received a call from the old man. During the phone call, the old man recalled to Le Kaifeng the past, telling his own experience of walking from Guangdong to Yong'an to study...
"National Fujian Music College It has cultivated a large number of outstanding music talents for the new China." Le Kaifeng told reporters that the three teachers of the music industry won the highest award of Chinese music-the "Golden Bell Award" lifetime honor medal, and the 2008 Olympic theme song "Chen Qigang, the creator of ", is a descendant of an alumnus of music school.
"Yong'an Experience" once promoted to the whole country
An Xiaoyi, a scholar of civil party history research, has long been committed to the study of Anti-Japanese War culture. In his view, Yong'an's position in the cultural history of Anti-Japanese War has long been underestimated by the world.
"Yong'an has two great places in the history of the War of Resistance against Japan. One is that the Communist Party of China issued the "Declaration of the Anti-Japanese War in the North", and the other is the first implementation of the'Tian Fu Actual Expedition' system in the Kuomintang-ruled area." At that time, it was "the strongest voice of the times." The Communist Party of China was the first party to pick up its banner and resolutely resist Japan. "The name of the First Anti-Japanese Army is well-deserved." The anti-Japanese advance team distributed more than 100,000 copies of anti-Japanese propaganda materials along the way, arousing the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of millions of workers and peasants. The "Tian Fu Shizheng" is similar to the later "Jiao Gong Liang". An Xiaoyi explained that in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, grain sales were controlled by the black market, and grain prices were inflated, but grain farmers did not really get benefits. Some lawbreakers made profits by buying at low prices and selling at high prices. There was even a rush to grab grain in some places. Yongan’s first implementation of the “Farmland Tax Expropriation” effectively solved the grain problem in the Kuomintang Controlled Area, and later became the “Yongan Experience” to be promoted throughout the country.
ancient castle witnesses the anti-Japanese history of Taiwan
Wenlong Village, about 5 kilometers southwest of the suburbs of our city, has an old castle built in the early Qing Dynasty called Fuxing Fort, which means "restoring Taiwan and revitalizing China". This is the resident of the Taiwan Provincial Party Headquarters directly under the Kuomintang during the Anti-Japanese War, and the far-reaching "Taiwan Studies Quarterly" was also born here. Xie Dongmin, the editor-in-chief at the time and later deputy leader of the Taiwan region, once wrote in his memoirs: "In the 14th year of the Republic of China, I detoured from Taiwan to Japan and went to Shanghai to study because I did not want to accept the rule of the Japanese Empire and returned to the embrace of the motherland. At that time, I vowed in my heart that as long as Japan ruled Taiwan, I would not return to my hometown on Taiwan’s treasure island. Twenty years later, on August 15th, Republic of China, on August 15, Republic of China, Japan announced its unconditional surrender and Taiwan’s recovery. I was able to return without violating the oath. Hometown."
An Xiaoyi told reporters that from 1942 to 1943, the international anti-fascist situation became increasingly clear, and there were voices in the Allies that wanted to "internationally co-manage" Taiwan. At that time, most of the Taiwanese party personnel in Fuxing Fort were activists in Taiwan’s anti-Japanese war and salvation. They carried out a series of activities, including holding "Taiwan History Case Exhibition", editing and publishing "Taiwan Studies Quarterly", "Taiwan Issue Reference Materials", etc. The publication introduced Taiwan’s customs and historical origins, and carried out a massive anti-Japanese national salvation and restoration of Taiwan’s public opinion propaganda work. Yu Erwang, a retired cadre born in Wenlong Village of
, has an indissoluble bond with this history. His wife's uncle was a clever man and a little literate at the time. He once worked as a clerical worker in Fuxing Fort and then moved to Taiwan with the Kuomintang. After the cross-strait exchange came, the old man led descendants back to Fuxing Fort many times, reminiscing about the past...
More than 70 years have passed. The smoke of the war of resistance has long since disappeared, but what is left is a "burning" note. In Yong'an, a wealthy land, vigorous cultural activities of the War of Resistance were "staged" for the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the recovery of Taiwan. Today, the Anti-Japanese War culture has gradually become a characteristic business card of Yongan, attracting tourists from home and abroad to come for sightseeing and sightseeing. (Wei Xinggu, Tong Changfu, Lin Dan)
