The documentary "Pioneers 3" has a subtitle, "Give me freedom or give me death".
In the 1920s, both the Indian League and the people of M country used this slogan to inspire the people and unite their hearts. The
M Chinese want to expand, and the Indians want to stop the expansion. The British are instigating on both sides. Battles are fought one after another. Whoever is fighting a just war and who is fighting an unjust war are mixed together, and they are all struggling on the verge of life and death.
is determined by winning or losing, one side is getting stronger and stronger, and the other side is getting weaker and weaker. The history of country M is the war history of plundering the west, plundering the north, then plundering the west, and then plundering...
is addicted to playing, and he refuses to change course. It will only follow the old ways and repeat itself endlessly.
1.
After the War of Independence, the British colonists ceded the Indian settlements in the Ohio Valley to Country M. After
, the Shawnee chief Tecumseh contacted more than 20 Indian tribes, regained that land, and established a pan-Indian alliance (self-proclaimed United States of India). And the war became more and more fierce, attacking everywhere, determined to drive the pioneers of country M back to their hometown.
In 1813, the Pan-Indian Alliance won one after another, which made the people of M country very panicked.
Columbia University scholar David Eisenbach said: The government of country M cannot accept an alliance between the UK and Tecumseh . Therefore, Tecumseh must be killed.
Amy H. Sturgess, author of "The Biography of Tecumseh", also said: Tecumseh's alliance with the United Kingdom is likely to lead to the defeat of M country.
In order to get rid of the confidant's serious trouble, country M sent veteran William Henry Harrison to .
Harrison is Tecumseh's nemesis. Two years ago, the Indian "Prophet's Village" was destroyed. This time, he is going to do the same.
Tecumseh knew Harrison's brutality, and he knew he could fight tough. He discussed with the British allies and conspired to fight an ambush. The British attacked Harrison when he was not on a firm footing, driving him into the forest. The Indians ambushed in the forest, attacking from north to south, annihilating Harrison's main force in one fell swoop.
Arizona State University scholar Donald Fischke said that this battle is a life-and-death battle, which determines the trend of the war and fights for the future of country M. The two sides must fight to the death. On October 5, 1813, Tecumseh led 500 warriors from 6 tribes on the banks of the Thames River in 11z1813, Ohio, and stood in the woods along the coast of Lake Erie in Canada.
The British army and the M army confronted each other head-on, and they ran away without holding on for 5 minutes.
Tecumseh's men were caught between the Thames and Harrison's army. Only stick to the position, otherwise, there will be no chance to come back.
However, there is a huge disparity in power. No matter how brave Tecumseh was, he couldn't resist an enemy three times his size. After his death, the Pan-Indian League was wiped out.
Without Tecumseh's Indians, had to come to the negotiating table and sign an unequal treaty with Harrison. The dream of reclaiming lost ground also disappeared.
Harrison's victory has changed the situation of the battle, and country M has regained control of the north.
Survival expert Mikel Hawke said: Tecumseh's despair can be imagined. He finally trusted the British army once, but what he got was betrayal.
From Tecumseh's point of view, one is the urgent time, and the other is the eagerness to win.
Measure the bottom line of independent support before we can discuss cooperation with the British army. Bonus points for the British army to execute according to the plan. If you break your promise, you will not lose your money.
As long as there is a doubt in the heart, it means that there is no chance of winning, so the strategy should be shifted. The big forest is dominated by the Indians. If you deal with Harrison here, you will not worry about having no chance in the future.
Tecumseh pinned all his hopes on the unreputable British army, and he was bound to be surprised. Even after shedding the last drop of blood, he couldn't bear it.
Of course, no matter how modern people evaluate it, it seems light and weightless and not kind. Because the fire did not fall on the back of his feet.
2.
In 1813, the British encouraged the red stick army of the Indian Creek tribe to attack the pioneer villages and towns of the country M in the Mississippi area. More than 500 men, women and children were massacred, and an army outpost was destroyed. Known as the Mimsberg massacre.
H.W. Brands, a scholar at the University of Texas at Austin, said: The Indians provoked the war and resisted the aggression of the white pioneers in order to defend their homeland. The pioneers believed that the Indians were a major security risk and must be eradicated.
M has a militia commander in the Mississippi area called Andrew Jackson .
Jackson is from Tennessee . He went to school intermittently. In 1803 he became a country judge.
He has a bad temper, is not afraid of getting into trouble, and does his own way. Fighting in the bar, I was shot, and threatened the doctor, if you dare to cut off my arm, I will kill you.
He's a braggart, a fan of outdated duels. Handling cases by himself, being able to arrest wanted criminals alone, and using caning on criminals, can be regarded as a lone hero in the local area, with a very high reputation.
Steve Inskeep, author of "Jackson Biography", said: For an ambitious young man, the best way to do a great job is to fight and win honor.
Indeed, when two armies confront each other and no one dares to go up, it is the opportunity for the lone brave. War has killed many people, but it has also created heroes.
In October 1813, Jackson received an order to lead more than 2,500 militiamen to the south to search for the Red Stick Army and find out the culprit of the Fort Mims tragedy.
A militia group of thousands of people searched for weeks like a needle in a haystack in the vast forest of Alabama , but found nothing. Because they did not bring enough food, the militiamen began to flee.
At this time, a recruit from the militia called David Crockett.
Buddy Levy, the author of "The Biography of David Crockett", said: Crockett is a hunter. He only went to school for 6 months and has experience in jungle survival. He once shot and killed 105 black bears .
Crockett is very capable, and he found the location of the Red Stick Army's village in just two weeks. But soon he regretted it.
On November 3, 1813, more than 900 Tennessee militiamen surrounded the village of the Red Stick Army. Jackson ordered that no one should be left alive. The reason is simple, the Indians slaughtered the whites first. He kills us, we'll kill them all.
Jackson's soldiers killed 186 Red Sticks and burned 46 innocent women and children in just a few minutes. The scene was miserable and unbearable to witness. Known as the Battle of Talusaki.
The Talusaki massacre caused a fundamental change in Crockett's thinking, and he began to re-examine the attitude of country M towards Indians.
Crockett originally wanted to serve the country, but he participated in the inhumane massacre.
He never liked this life-or-death survival rule,
He wanted to leave the militia, but was blocked by Jackson and a group of people. Even though he was called a "coward", he still said to Jackson, "I found the Red Stick Army for you, there will be no next time."
Until his retirement, Crockett was not allowed to return home to Tennessee.
Things are like this, differences in thought are differences in action.
The differences between Crockett and Jackson represent two cognitions of people in M country.
One is that the Indians blocked the development of country M and must be driven away. The other kind saw the injustice from the massacre and was willing to coexist peacefully with the Indian nation.
But at a time when the fate of the nation is still in doubt, such differences are set aside.
By 1814, Jackson completely wiped out the Red Stick Army, and solved the so-called Indian threat in the southern border of country M in a cruel way.
After the war, Jackson forced the Creeks to sign an armistice, taking most of the nearly 890 hectares of Alabama and Georgia. Said it was as war compensation, but he didn't hand it in, but stole it privately, kicking his own pocket.
3.
In 1812, after forcing the French to exileNapoleon, the British freed up their energy. Transferred troops to North America, landed in Baltimore, , invaded the east coast, captured HuaWashington , and burn the White House .
Britain has a big appetite. Because Britain had the strongest navy in the world at that time, it had an absolute advantage over country M.
They aimed at the largest port in the West New Orleans . Imagine occupying New Orleans, and then go north along the Mississippi River to join the British army in Canada.
Francois Furstenberg, a scholar at Johns Hopkins University, said that New Orleans controls the import and export of waterways throughout the North American continent. The US government pins its hopes on Jackson, the hero who just took down the Red Stick Army.
Jackson has a sworn feud with Britain. It was said that whoever wanted to offend him mentioned the English.
In the Revolutionary War 32 years ago, Jackson lost his two older brothers and his mother. When he was a messenger , he was underage and was captured. In the prisoner-of-war camp, he was humiliated. He swore that if he got the chance, he would take revenge.
At this time, he took 1,500 soldiers, two tons of heavy artillery , and supplies to arrive at the port of New Orleans before the British army.
If you don’t take pictures while walking, what you are most afraid of is crossing the 2590 square kilometers Atchafalaya Basin and .
Because here is the largest and most dangerous swamp in country M - the Louisiana Swamp. There are neck-deep puddles, crawling crocodiles and poisonous snakes, and mosquitoes that can eat people.
In addition to marching, they also had to build trestles to transport heavy artillery, and they could only crawl 40 kilometers a day.
However, those soldiers worship Jackson blindly. No matter what they think of the British, Indians, or the government of country M, as long as Jackson gives an order, they will go to hell, and they will go through fire and water.
Human beings will blindly admire successful people, thinking that only by following them together can great achievements be made.
After two weeks of rapid march, on December 1, 1814, Jackson's large force reached the port of New Orleans. After
arrived, he immediately built fortifications, arranged defensive positions, and expanded the reorganization team.
Jackson's team included Kentucky pioneers, people from his native Tennessee, New Orleans, blacks, water thieves along the river, and even local Indians.
is this motley army of 4,500 men, bravely facing the British army with 60 warships and 15,000 soldiers.
Jackson deployed his men on the middle hillside with the Mississippi River on the right and the swamp on the left. When the British army went ashore, they could only attack in an open area without cover. The
battle lasted until the 10th day. The M army had less than 100 casualties, and the British army had killed more than 2,000 people.
The British army withdrew, and Jackson became a great hero, causing a national sensation.
Many people think Jackson is the second Washington. George Washington won freedom for M country, and Andrew Jackson defended M country's freedom.
But in fact, as early as three weeks before the start of the war, country M and the United Kingdom signed an armistice peace treaty in the city of Ghent in Belgium . The British recognized (for the second time) in the treaty that all the land in the Mississippi area belonged to the M country.
Walter Bernman, author of "1812: The War That Forged a Nation," says it took too long for the news to reach New Orleans across the Atlantic. But it's not important to the people of country M. All they care about is defeating the United Kingdom. And from this, they learned that anything is possible.
Therefore, Jackson's victory, in addition to his bravery and high cohesion, also had a small part of luck. Otherwise, the British army would retreat easily?
4.
Both Jackson and Crockett were born in Tennessee, both from poor families, and both only went to school for half a year. But the political views of the two are at odds, and they struggle with each other, which has a profound influence.
Jackson accumulated political capital along the way. Founded the Democratic Party in 1791. In 1796, he became a member of the state congress and a judge of the superior court. In 1812 he became a major general in the Anglo-American War, followed by a hero at the Battle of New Orleans. In 1818, he led an expedition to the Florida Indians and became the first Florida governor. 182From 8 years to 1837, he was re-elected as the 11th and 12th president of the United States.
In 1817, Jackson took advantage of his position to buy a large tract of land in Alabama at a low price and sell it to planters at a high price to grow cotton. In just three years,
has soared from 20,000 yuan to 78 dollars per acre of land. Jackson became a $4.5 million millionaire, a betrayal of his past efforts.
And Crockett?
Within 10 years of his discharge from the military, Crockett has been living a self-sufficient and leisurely life in the Tennessee forest.
But the good times didn't last long.
drove out the Indians, and the southern planters came and turned the wilderness into cotton fields. It is up to the government to ban hunting and drive away the pioneers who came first. In order to defend his ideal and life, Crockett ran for parliament.
dare not think, in the summer of 1827, the grassroots Crockett was elected as a member of Congress. Because his election manifesto was supported.
He is going to Washington to speak out for the pioneers: the pioneers are the residents of the west, and the mountains and wilderness are their source of life. They have the right to buy land at a reasonable price.
But this clashed with the views of his old nemesis, Jackson, and the southern planters.
At this time, Jackson is already hot and ready to sit on the presidential throne. In the first 40 years of
, the successive presidents were born in either Massachusetts or Virginia. When Jackson won the victory in New Orleans, overnight, people believed that the War of Independence was over and that a new era had come, and that the leaders of the country M should emerge from the newly expanded area.
it's time for the country to change. On December 3, 1828, Jackson was elected as the seventh president of the country M. Starting from him, the presidents of country M have all become civilians.
During Jackson's tenure, Country M continued to expand westward, basically doubling its population every 20 years.
But Jackson felt that the Indians were still threatening the whites, so he came up with a trick.
On December 1, 1892, Jackson announced the "Indian Relocation Act" in the Senate, that is, the forced relocation of 50,000 Indians from 5 tribes.
He clarified that the federal government will acquire Indian land, compensate for high-priced land, cover moving costs, and provide new places of residence. Indians should accept compensation and relocate to areas separated from whites.
As a member of Parliament, Crockett remembered the past of Jackson's massacre of Indians, thinking that this was another ethnic cleansing.
He made a statement: The sole purpose of the Indian Relocation Act is to allow Indians to leave their ancestral homelands and migrate to Oklahoma, which is 960 kilometers away. Make room for pioneers to enter. Turn land into a commodity for sale. Amy H. Sturgess, author of "The Biography of Tecumseh," said: "The moment Crockett stood up against the Indian Removal Act, he bet his political career. The bill of
determines the future direction of country M. The debate lasted for 5 months and caused great repercussions. On May 26, 1930, the House of Representatives passed the bill. Crockett lost. The
Act was implemented. In the next 20 years, the Indians were escorted and migrated by soldiers, and more than 16,000 people died of plague, disease and climate on the way. Known as the Road of Tears.
A certain scholar said: "The Indian Removal Act" is not only a big stain on the Jackson administration, but also a big stain on the history of M country.
Sam W. Hayney, scholar at the University of Texas at Arlington, said: My tribe was also forced to relocate, and we also walked the road of tears. The Trail of Tears is the human tragedy caused by Jackson.
Jackson changed from a hero to an unscrupulous person. In order to achieve his goal, there is nothing he can't do in this world. The
bill was passed, but Jackson refused to let Crockett go. He wanted to drive him out of politics.
Amy H. Sturgess, author of "The Biography of Tecumseh", said that in Jackson's eyes, political differences are personal grievances, and winning is not enough, and opponents must be completely defeated.
Jackson sent his subordinate William Fitzgerald to the Tennessee area to compete with Crockett. At the same time, Crockett was insulted by newspapers across the country, accusing him of drinking, gambling, and playing with women.
Crockett was beaten into a daze and lost his official career. Coupled with his wife running away from home, the whole person is depressed.
However, he is too famous, a movie with him as the pioneerThe play "Lion of the West" based on the author was staged in New York City. Turned his life around. In 1835, Crockett left Tennessee for Texas, Mexico. His idea is very simple, he just hopes to make a break with the past and start over. Buy a piece of land, hunt, explore, and return to politics.
The Mexican government encourages immigration to increase the country's population. As long as they obey the government's jurisdiction, each family can buy 1,620 hectares of land at a low price. By 1836, there were already 4,500 immigrants from M country.
Crockett is hugely popular in Texas. Knowing that he was coming, the streets of villages and towns were already lined up with people who lined up to welcome him.
But when he integrated into the local area, he found that Texas was on the verge of turmoil. The reason for
is that after several years of loose policy, Mexico's then President Santa Ana suddenly strengthened immigration control and began to collect immigration weapons.
Most of the M countrymen who settled in Texas lived on hunting, so they refused to hand over their weapons. They are brewing an uprising and preparing for independence from Mexico. The slogan was "Give me liberty or give me death".
The Mexican government is convinced that this is being manipulated by the government of country M, so it will use force to suppress it. The
situation continued to heat up, and it happened that a Halley's Comet crossed the night sky. Crockett thought that God was in favor of the pioneers fighting for independence, so he joined immediately.
The "Texas War of Independence" is about to break out.
President Jackson, who was far away in Washington, followed the rebellion closely. He thought that merging Texas into the M country would be another opportunity for expansion.
As early as when Mexico was separated from the Spanish colonists, Jackson offered to buy Texas, but Mexico would not sell it. If
is not for sale, Jackson is thinking, how can I get it? How did you get
? Warmongers generally start wars. But Jackson wasn't a single-minded fighter. This time, he wanted Texas to declare itself independent.
Therefore, the concerns of the Mexican government are not groundless.
In February 1836, 260 M militiamen settled in Texas marched towards San Antonio , and a 4,000-strong Mexican army also came to kill them. The two armies will battle at the Spanish castle of the Alamo. This battle of
will leave Crockett with a lifetime of fame.
5.
Crockett and Jackson are both fellow countrymen and political enemies.
are all heroes who "became a soldier", but "they have different ways and do not conspire with each other, and they each follow their own aspirations".
Crockett was originally a "loose person in Wollongong", and he would participate in major events, so he always came into being as the times require.
Jackson is the body of a tiger and a wolf. He can sense opportunities from the clues of every event, so he always takes the initiative to intervene.
If the mountain does not turn, the opponent will encounter it.
Crockett's problem is that he sacrificed his life to serve the country, but was too naive to avoid Jackson's plot. It's quite miserable to say it, but when the political arena falls, he will also enjoy the freedom and happiness of hunting and pioneering.
And Jackson, on the other hand, made the whole world his enemy, restless, cold, calculating every minute. His happiness is only at the moment when greed brings harvest.
Which is right and which is not, each has its own nature to determine its destiny. The screenshot of
End
is from Tencent Video.