Classical music
Classical music can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, it refers to those Western classical music created in the context of European mainstream culture from the beginning of the Western Middle Ages to the present. It is different from popular music and folk music due to its complex and diverse creation techniques and the heavy connotations it can carry. In a narrow sense, it refers to classical music, which is the mainstream European music from 1750 to 1820, also known as the Viennese Classical Music School. The three most famous composers of this school are Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.
Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart
CLASSICAL MUSIC, Chinese translated into "classical music", some people think that "classical" gives people the feeling of antique, old-fashioned, so it was renamed "classic music". Some people call it "serious music" according to the definition of classic in the Oxford English Dictionary, in traditional and serious style. As a result, "classical music" was again put on a "serious" hat, making people even more afraid to approach it. But the person who defines this definition must not look up the dictionary carefully, because the second meaning of serious is defined in this way: (referring to books, music, etc.) to inspire thinking, not only for recreation. Therefore, we know that the original classical music is different from popular music in that it has profound connotation, can inspire thought, and can make people noble and free from vulgarity.
Let's look at the Longman dictionary's interpretation of classical music music that people consider serious and that has been popular for a long time. It can be seen that classical music is the music that has stood the test of time, has a long history, and is loved by everyone. Classical music is an independent genre, and its artistic techniques emphasize refinement and the pursuit of rational expression of emotions.
Generalized Classical Music
Classical music is a term with a broad meaning. In a broad sense, Western classical music
refers to those music that has been created in the context of European mainstream culture since the Middle Ages, or is rooted in Western traditional ritual music and secular music. Its scope covers the entire period from about the 9th century to the present. It is different from popular music and folk music mainly because of its complex and diverse creation techniques and the heavy connotation it can carry. Geographically, these music are mainly composed in Europe and America, which is relative to non-Western music. In addition, Western classical music is mainly recorded and disseminated by sheet music, which is different from the oral teaching mode of most folk music.
Some people also think that "classical" corresponds to "pop", because these music can withstand the test of time and can resonate with listeners of different eras.
However, if you study the word classical carefully, the original meaning can be understood as the ancient left over and can be called classic music works (ancient + classic), but generally speaking, classical music is music with a regular nature, with the characteristics of balance and clarity. , Focusing on the beauty of form, is considered to have lasting value, not just popular in a specific era. This is also reflected in the difference between "classical" and "classic".
classical music in a narrow sense
Classical music originally refers specifically to the music represented by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven from 1750 to 1830 in Germany and Austria, that is, the music of the so-called "Vienna Classical School" (or translated as "Viennese Classical Music" ). This is classical music in a narrow sense.
European Art Music
Starting from this narrow concept of classical music, we can go back to Bach, Handel, and even earlier religious music (including Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, Orthodox Church, Protestant Christianity), and extend back to romanticism and national music. , And Western modern music in the 20th century. These are classical music in a broad sense, which is based on this tradition. Whether it is inheriting and carrying forward this tradition, or trying to break through this tradition with innovation, it can be classified into classical music. And music that develops independently outside of this tradition, although it has borrowed from and influenced the creation of classical music, it is generally not classified as classical music, such as jazzMusic, rock music, and some ethnic music from the East.
Therefore, for the broad term "classical music", the definition of European art music is more accurate. The main difference between
European art music and other non-European music and popular music systems is that the notation is different, and its rules are derived from the notation that has been used since the 16th century. In Western notation, the composer specifies the pitch, rhythm, speed, unique rhythm and accurate way of playing the same piece of music for the performer. This improvisational notation mode with very little space is very different from non-European art music (as opposed to traditional Japanese and Indian music) and popular music.
Classical music, as the name of the category of music, exists relative to the light music, popular music and other categories. It does not have a strict and clear explanation or definition. In the scope of light music, the concept of "classical" is sometimes used to refer to certain light music works that have been tested by time and regarded as models by people, such as classical light opera, classical jazz, etc. Here classical is understood as "ancient + classic", It seems more appropriate.
When people hear the music of Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert and other classical musicians, it brings people not only beautiful melody, interesting music thinking, but also sincere emotion, or tranquility and elegance. Or shock, encouragement, or joy, happiness, or sadness, melancholy...
Historical evolution
1, Gregorian
When it comes to European classical music, one cannot fail to mention the music of the Elizabethan period and Gregorian period in the Middle Ages. Among them, religious music is dominant. People’s belief in and worship of Christ at that time directly affected the politics and music of the society at that time. The music at that time was purely for religious purposes. It was limited to singing in churches and had no musical instruments. However, it played a role in the development of music in the future. Important role.
2, Renaissance
In 1450, European music began to enter the Renaissance. Because of the unstable European politics at that time, the prestige and power of the Holy See began to weaken, and the bourgeoisie sprouted, in order to adapt to the social development at that time and people’s new ideas. At that time, music began to promote people-oriented thinking, so the Renaissance began in various fields, that is, at that time, the European traditional major and minor modes gradually formed.
3, the Baroque period
Europe began in 1600 and entered a period of great development-the Baroque period. At that time, not only great composers such as Bach and Handel as everyone knows, but also opera, concertos, sonatas and other themes were produced. Has been created and developed one after another.
4, the classicist period
When European music entered the classical period, that is, after the death of Bach in 1750, there was no successor to the European polyphony, and the music style turned to a simple and practical theme. At that time, three music masters appeared: "Symphony" Father" Haydn, "Wizard" Mozart, and "Le Saint" Beethoven. The theme of music has gradually changed from religious music that lasted for centuries to classical music with rich philosophical connotations.
5, romanticism and national music
After Beethoven's death in 1827, the period of strict classicism ended. At that time, Europe was receiving the baptism of romanticism. Composers at that time regarded composition as a means of expressing their inner feelings, and their aesthetics of music had been further developed, resulting in musical expression techniques such as dazzling techniques. For example, Paganini and Liszt were the smash hit performers at that time. Musical expressions and styles have become more and more abundant. There have been some national composers who write in national music languages, such as Sibelius from Finland, Grieg from Norway, and the powerful group of five from Russia. They are all national music schools. Great composer.
6, late romanticism
in romanceIn the later period of Doctrine, that is, the most glorious and final period of the European tonal system development, I have to mention composers such as Rachmaninoff and Mahler, who have developed the traditional European composition method to the extreme, of course, including the new Attempts, such as Mahler’s eighth symphony "The Chorus of Thousands of People" appeared. In addition, it is Stravinsky. His neoclassicism advocates polyphony and counterpoint, and uses polytonality, which played a vital role in the transition from traditional composition to avant-garde music.
7, Impressionist music
In the 19th century, there appeared impressionist music headed by Debussy. The performance of music is very colorful, which is similar to the painting style of the time.
8, twelve-tone sequence and atonal music
Time came to the end of the nineteenth century, and the beginning of the twentieth century, music had a breakthrough development. Composers starting with Webern broke the twelve-tone composition method and abandoned nearly In 400 years of the European tonal system, the twelve-tone sequence was invented, and then atonality and other musical forms appeared, such as Schoenberg at that time.
9, electronic music and pioneer music
After the Second World War, science and technology have become more advanced, and people’s ideas have become more abundant. Electronic music has appeared, and cultural exchanges between countries have continued to merge, resulting in richer forms of music, and more Diversification! The music after 1945 was called avant-garde music. At this time, the music has shaken people's views on the beauty of music, and it is more theoretical, producing forms of music that people cannot understand, such as silent music, noise, and microphonic!
Note: According to the definition of classical music in a broad sense: From the perspective of professional music creation from the 17th to the 19th century, Impressionist music and modern music belong to the category of classical music; according to the strict definition of classical music, classical refers to Haydn, Musical works by Mozart, Beethoven and others.
main musical instrument
1, woodwind instrument
piccolo piccolo, flute flute, oboe oboe, english horn, clarinet clarinet, bass clarinet bass clarinet, bassoon bassoon, contrabassoon saxophone, saxo saxophone saxophone novo Alto saxophone tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone baritone saxophone;
2, brass instrument
French horn, trumpet, cornet, soft flugelhorn, trombone trombone, bass trombone baritone horn, euphonium, large tuba;
3, percussion
timpani, snare drum, snare drum bass d
rum, small cymbal cymbal, big cymbals cymbal cymbal cymbals, big cymbals cymbals Triangle, castnet, gong (tam-tam) (grongkas), claves, sleighbell, xylophone, marimba, tubular bell, glockenspiel, glockenspiel, vibraphone,Celesta celesta;
4, keyboard instrument
piano piano, organ organ, harpsichord harpsichord;
5, stringed instruments
z83, violin, doublecell, bass, bass, violin, violin, doublecell, bass, violin, violin, violin, doublecell, harp, harp, violin, violin.
Baroque period The
Baroque period is an important form of early classical music. The music of this period is dominated by polyphonic music, which is gorgeous and complex.
Although Baroque music has broken through the complete order and innocence of religious music, it has become richer, but in the development of classical music, the music of this period is still affected by many religious music, revealing a kind of rigor. Breath. However, the music of the Baroque period was more liberalized than the previous music. The appearance of various music types and the maturity of musical instruments made the music of this period full of a special atmosphere and sought after by future generations.
There were more musicians in the Baroque period, and they were much more productive than modern musicians. The most important figures in the Baroque era should be the three musicians of Handel, Vivaldi and Bach. Both Handel and Bach were good at the keyboard instruments of that era, the pipe organ and the harpsichord, but their composition was slightly different. Handel has many achievements in opera, while Bach has always focused on the creation of various instrumental music, leaving a large number of classic instrumental works for future generations. The violin music of this period is close to maturity, and Vivaldi's contribution cannot be ignored.
The music of this period is the precedent of modern concerts. The baroque music under the composer has obvious characteristics: gorgeous, complex, decorative, distorted, focusing on surreal and magnificent, these characteristics can be integrated with each other. If the Renaissance era (and later the classical era) represented order and clarity, then the Baroque era (and later the romantic era) represented turmoil, anxiety, and doubt. The four-voice harmony of
and the "figured bass" (figured bass) with text indication chords were all produced in the Baroque era; the old church mode disappeared, and the major and minor scale systems and the related tones that have been used today have risen. It was an event in the Baroque era. In addition, the idea of rhythm is also budding in this era, that is, adding bar lines to music scores. These forms will be directly derived into sonatas, symphonies, concertos, preludes and variations in the future. However, there is no shortage of free musical forms in the Baroque era-such as tactile, fantasia, overture and theme imitation (ancient fantasy).
Bach
(1685～1750) German composer, pipe organ, violin and harpsichord player.
- "The Twelve Equal Tempered Piano Works"
- "The Art of Fugue"
- "Brandenburg Concerto"
Monteverdi
(1567~1643) An Italian composer who spanned from the Renaissance to the Baroque period. )
1. Pastoral Collections
2. Evening Prayer (1610)
3. Opera "Orfeo"
Curry
(1653~1713) Italian violinist and composer.
1. Twelve Grand Concerts OP.6.
2. ViolinMing Song Collection OP.5 (including the famous "Fria").
Purcell
(1659~1695) British composer.
1. Opera "Dido and Agnas".
2. The opera "The Queen".
3. Song selection.
4. Selections of carols.
Scarlatti
(1685~1757) Italian composer.
Recommended repertoire: Sonata Collection (Piano, harpsichord, organ are all selected).
Tatinib
(1692~1770) Italian violinist and composer.
Repertoire:
1. "Devil's Trill" Violin Sonata.
2. Variations on the theme of Kerry.
Pei Gao Laixi
(1710~1736) Italian composer.
Repertoire: Eulogy for the Virgin.
Viennese classical music
The end of the Baroque era was bounded by the death of Bach, and then came the period of the Viennese Classical School.
The music of this period inherited the traditional European polyphonic and key music achievements, and established important musical forms such as sonatas, concertos, and symphonies. Chamber music also developed during this period, which played a role in the development of subsequent music. Very important influence.
The music of the classicism period is relatively rigorous. It inherits the rationality of the Baroque era, but it integrates more people's emotions and achieves unity between the two. Therefore, the content of music expression in the classical period is richer, and it blends perfectly with music art.
In the period of classical music, the three most important representatives were Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven.
Mozart's music is full of magnificence, and always brings people a kind of affinity, which comes from Mozart's innocent mentality in order to create music. Compared with Mozart, Beethoven has experienced more hardships in life and years of suffering. He writes all the misfortunes of his life into music, so Beethoven's music brings people more of an anger, a passion, and an attitude of fighting against life.
Because of the three representative figures of this period: Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, their lives and creations are mainly in Vienna, so they are also called "Vienna Classical Music" or "Viennese Classical Music". Among the writers of this period, Mozart's serenades and jokers are very affinity. Haydn's Cello Concerto No. 1 and No. 2 will also be very suitable for beginners to enjoy. As for Beethoven's works, the vigorous sound is available, including his violin sonata "Spring", piano sonata "Sorrow", "Passion" and "Moonlight".
Glucker
(1714~1787) A German opera composer who spanned from the late Baroque to the classical period.
Haydn
(1732~1809) Austrian composer, has the reputation of "the father of symphony".
Repertoire:
1. Symphony No. 45 "Farewell."
2. The 83rd "Hen".
3. No. 88 and No. 92 "Oxford".
4. "Surprise" No. 94.
5. The 96th "Miracle".
6. No. 99 and No. 100 "Army".
7. No. 101 "Clock".
8. No. 103 "Drums".
9. No. 104 "Lun Hao".
Mozart
Austrian composer (1756~1791).
Repertoire:
1. Symphony No. 35~41.
2. Piano Concerto No. 1-9~27.
3. Violin Concerto No. 3 to No. 5.
4. Flute Concerto (two pieces).
5. Flute and Harp Concerto K.229.
6. Clarinet Concerto K.622.
7. Bassoon K.191.
8. French Horn Concerto (four pieces).
9. Symphony Concerto (K.364 and K.297b).
10. Piano Sonata K.310, K.330~333 (331), K.457, K.545.
11. Sonata for violin and piano (optional).
12. String Quartet No. 4～2 3.
13. Clarinet Quintet K.581.
14. French Horn Quintet K.407.
15. Serenade K.239, K.320, K.525, K.361.
16. Opera "Women Are Like", "The Wedding of Figaro", "The Magic Flute".
17.C major "The Coronation".
18. Requiem K.626.
19. Flute Quartet (four pieces in total).
20. Piano Trio (eight pieces in total).
21. Clarinet Concerto in A major K.622.
Beethoven
(1770~1827) German composer, has the reputation of "Le Sheng".
Repertoire:
1. Symphony No. 1~9 (Heroes No. 3) (Fate No. 5) (Pastoral No. 6) (Chorus No. 9).
2. Piano Concerto No. 1~5.
3. Violin Concerto in D major.
4. Piano Sonata No. 8 "Sorrow", No. 14 "Moonlight", No. 21 "Waldstein", No. 2 and 3 "Passion", No. 26 "Farewell", No. 29 " "Han Mak Lavia", No. 30~32.
5. Violin Sonata No. 5 "Spring", No. 9 "Klose".
6. Cello Sonata No. 3 and No. 5.
7. String Quartet No. 7-10, No. 13 and No. 14.
8. Piano Trio learns No. 5 "Ghost" and No. 7 "Duke".
9. Overture selection.
10. Romance (G major and F major).
11. Triple Concerto OP.56.
12. The opera "Fidelio".
13. Solemn Mass Song OP.123.
14. To Alice.
15. Qi want to revolve.
Romanticism
(approximately 1820-1900 AD)
After 1820, with the end of the classical music period, romantic music began to sprout. The music forms of this period were more abundant, and it was the closest to the modern in the peak period of classical art. Most of the classical music that can be accepted now comes from this period.
Romantic music has paid more attention to the spiritual realm and subjective emotional expression of human beings, the performance of natural scenery has become more prominent, and the use of national and folk music has become more frequent, which can be said to be trueIt is becoming popular. In fact, in the late works of composers such as Beethoven and Rossini of the classical music school, the color of romantic music has been revealed. Musicians born around 1800 formed the center of early romanticism. Then romantic music was perfected by well-known musicians such as Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, and Verdi. It reached its peak in the times of Tchaikovsky, Liszt, and Wagner. They constituted the most important part of romantic music. core. Of course, the contributions of late romantic musicians Mahler and Rachmaninoff should not be underestimated.
In the musical period before the transition to the current music, that is, it is only a hundred years from the beginning of the 20th century to the present, but this is also the period of gradual evolution from classical music to modern music. In this short period of time, various forms of music have appeared , Can also be called classical music, there are impressionist music, expressionist music and neoclassical music. Expressionist music and neoclassical music are generally called new music, which generally refers to new forms of music discovered after impressionist music. Compared with the classical music in the romantic period and before, these music have been fundamentally different. The transition from classical music to modern music has become an inevitable trend.
The music of this period pays more attention to expressing people's spiritual realm and subjective feelings. The performance of natural scenery is also more prominent, and the use of national and folk music is more important and frequent in creation.
In the middle and late 19th century, a national music school appeared with the mission of revitalizing the national music. New instrumental solo genres appeared in the music genre, such as nocturnes, improvisations, ballads, scherzos, fantasias and songs without words. The works of this period are diverse and unique. The introductory repertoire includes Schubert's art song "Beautiful Mill Girl"; Chopin Nocturne, Piano Concerto No. 2; Mendelssohn Violin Concerto, Piano Concerto No. 1 and 2 No.; Wagner Opera Overture Collection; Brahms Symphony No. 1 and No. 3; Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto, Piano Concerto No. 1; Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 2, "Pug "Nini Theme and Variations"; Lalo "Spanish Symphony"; Ravel Piano Concerto in G major.
20th-century works include Breton's "Guide to Youth Orchestra" and "Small Symphony", Stravinsky's "Paul Chennai", "Petroška", and Prokofiev's piano Sonata No. 7 and Piano Concerto No. 1. I recommend the German composer Hendermitt's "Weber Theme Symphony Variations" and "The Painter Mathis Symphony", as well as the American composer Copland's "Equestrian Tournament" and "A Common Man's Horn".
Paganini
Italian violinist and composer. (1782~1840)
Repertoire:
1. Twenty-four unaccompanied violin caprices.
2. Violin Concerto No. 1 and No. 2.
3. Moses Fantasia.
4. Variations on the theme of "Chaos in the Heart".
Rossini
Italian opera composer. (1792~1868)
Repertoire:
1. Selected opera overtures.
2. Opera "The Barber of Seville".
3. The opera "Semiramid".
4. Opera "Cinderella".
5. String Sonata (six in total).
Donizetti
Italian opera composer. (1797~1848)
recommended repertoire:
1. Opera "Lucia of Lammermo".
2. The opera "Don Basguare".
3. Opera "Elixir of Love".
4. Opera "The Flower of the United Team".
5. The Opera "Cute Ji".
Verdi
Italian opera composer. (1813~1901)
Repertoire:
1. Opera "La Traviata".
2. Opera "Aida".
3. Opera "Otello".
4. The opera "Macbeth".
5. The opera "The Troubadour".
6. Opera "The Force of Destiny".
7. The opera "Nabguo".
8. Opera "Masked Ball".
9. The opera "Don Carlo".
10. The opera "Fastaf".
11. Collection of overture and prelude (optional).
12. Requiem 126.
Weber
Weber
German composer. (1786~1826)
Repertoire:
1. The first and second clarinet concerto.
2. Piano song "Invite to Dance".
3. Clarinet Quintet in B flat major.
4. Overture to "The Grinding Shooter", Overture to "Oberon", Overture to "Urian De".
5. The opera "Magic Catapult".
Mai Yabaier
(1791~?) German opera composer.
Repertoire: Coronation March (from the opera "Prophet").
Schumann
German composer. (1810~1856)
Repertoire:
1. Symphony No. 1 to No. 4 (No. 3 Rhine Symphony, the first movement, the second movement, the third movement, the fourth movement).
2. Childhood scene OP.15 (the seventh dream song).
3.C major Fantasia OP.17 (first movement, second movement, third movement).
4. Carnival OP.9.
5. Chrysler Lina OP.16.
6. Symphonic Etude OP.13.
7. Fantasy sketch OP.12.
8. Forest scenery OP.82.
9. Piano Sonata No. 2 OP.22.
10.A minor Piano Concerto OP.54 (first movement, second and third movement).
11. Piano Quintet OP.44.
12. The clarinet and piano fantasy sketch OP.73.
13. Three romantic oboe songs OP.94.
14. "Fairy Tale Picture Album" (Viola and Piano).
15. Five folk songs (cello and piano).
16. Cello Concerto in A minor.
17. Violin Concerto in D minor.
18. Collection of joint songs "The Love of Poets" and "Women's Love and Career".
19. Violin Sonata (two pieces).
20. Piano and French Horn's Adagio and Allegro OP.70.
Brahms
German composer and pianist. (1833~1897)
Brahms (1833~1897)
Repertoire:
1. Symphony No. 1～4.
2. Piano Concerto No. 1 and No. 2.
3. Violin Concerto in D major.
4. Concerto for violin and cello.
5. Hungarian dance music (21 songs in total).
6. "University Celebration" overture, "Tragedy" overture.
7. Clarinet Quintet OP.115.
8. Clarinet Sonata (two pieces).
9. Violin Sonata (three pieces).
10. Cello sonata (two pieces).
11. The third piano sonata.
12. Handel Theme Variations and Fugue OP.24.
13. Variations on a theme of Paganini OP.35.
14.OP.76, OP.79, OP.116~119 piano small collections (people who like Brahms must listen to these songs, it includes interludes, capriccios, rhapsody, ballads, etc.).
15. Piano Quintet OP.34.
16. String Quartet (three pieces).
17. String Sixt (two pieces).
18. Piano Trio (three songs).
19. Piano Quartet (three songs).
20. French Horn Trio OP.40.
21. The clarinet trio OP.114.
22. Haydn Variations on the Theme OP.96a.
23. Serenade (two pieces).
24. German Requiem.
25. Song collection (optional).
Schubert
Schubert
Austrian composer, known as the "king of songs." (1797~1828)
Repertoire:
1. The fifth, eighth and ninth symphonies.
2. Quintet for Piano and Strings "Trout".
3. String Quartet "Dead and Maiden".
4. Impromptu D.899, D.935, D.946.
5. The time of Lexing D.780.
6. Piano Sonata D.557, D.571, D.556, D.784, D.845, D.894, D.850, D.958, D.960.
7. "Abejuni" Sonata D.821.
8. No. 1 and No. 2 piano trio.
9. Wanderer Fantasia D.760.
10. Joint song collection "The Beautiful Mill Girl", "Winter Journey", "Song of the Swan".
11. Song collection (optional).
12. Octet D.803.
13. String Quintet D.956.
14. Violin Sonata (four pieces).
15. Violin Fantasia D.934.
Strauss
German composer. (1825~1899) is called "the king of waltz". (His father is the "Father of Waltz".)
Repertoire:
1. Waltz: "Blue Danube", "Southern Rose", "Story of the Vienna Woods", "Wine, Woman and Song", "Artist's Career", "The Emperor", "A Thousand and One Nights".
2. Polka Dance: "Pizzicato", "Thunder and Lightning", "Chatting", "Hunting", "Explosion".
3. "Bat" overture, "Hypsy Baron" overture, "Venice Night" overture.
4. The operetta "Bat".
Berlioz
French composer. (1803~1869)
Repertoire:
1. Fantasy symphony.
2. Overture collection (including "Roman Carnival", "King Lear", "Pirate", etc.).
3. Harrod in Italy (including the theme symphony of the lead viola)
4. Song collection "Summer Night".
5. Romeo and Juliet (Theatre Symphony).
Chopin
Polish pianist, composerComposer. (1810~1849)
Repertoire:
1. The first and second piano concertos.
2. Etude (two or seven).
3. Prelude (twenty-six pieces).
4. Waltz (14 songs).
5. Nocturne (two one).
6. Piano Sonata No. 2 and No. 3.
7. "Army" Polish dance music OP.40NO.1, "Hero" Polish dance music OP.53, "Fantasy" Polish dance music OP.61, composed Andante and Great Polish dance OP.22.
8. Horse House Card Dance (optional).
9. Improvisations (four pieces).
10. Ballads (four pieces) 1 2 3 4.
11. Scherzo (four pieces).
12. Fantasia OP.49.
13. Lullaby OP.57.
14. Boat song.
Lister
Hungarian pianist and composer. (1811~1886)
Repertoire:
1. The first and second piano concertos.
2. Symphonic Poem No. 2 "Tasso", No. 3 "Prelude", No. 4 "Orfeo", No. 6 "Matepa".
3. Hungarian Rhapsody (19 songs) No1, No2, No13, No15.
4. Hungarian folk fantasy.
5. Piano Sonata in B minor OP.45.
6. Mephistopheles No.1.
7. Paganini Theme Grand Etude OP.67 (six in total, of which the third is the most famous).
8. Super Skills Etude (12 pieces, optional).
9. The year of the tour.
10. No. 3 "Dream of Love".
11. Dance of Death (Piano and Orchestra).
12. "Faust" symphony.
Tchaikovsky
Russian composer. (1840~1893)
Repertoire:
1. Symphony No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 "Sorrow".
2. Piano Concerto No. 1 in B flat minor, OP.23.
3.D Major Violin Concerto OP.35.
4. Ballet music "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker".
5. "Romeo and Juliet" fantasy overture.
6. Italian Caprice op.45.
7. Symphonic Fantasia "The Tempest" op.18.
8. "1812" overture.
9. Slavic March OP.31.
10. Symphonic Fantasia "Rimini's Francesca" OP.32.
11. "Hamlet" Fantasy Overture.
12. Variations on the theme of Rococo (cello and orchestra).
13. Piano Trio in A minor.
14. String Quartet (three pieces).
15. Orchestral Suite No. 1 to No. 4.
16. The opera "Eugene Onegin".
17. String Serenade OP.48.
18. Symphony No. 1 to No. 3 (No. 3).
19. "Manfred" symphony.
20. Piano music collection "Four Seasons".
21. Melancholy Serenade (Violin).
Duka
French composer. (1865~1935)
repertoire: symphonic poem "The Wizard's Apprentice".
Sibelius
Finnish composer. (1865~1957)
recommended tracks:
1. Symphony No. 1 to No. 7 (two and five are especially famous).
2. Violin Concerto in D minor OP.47.
3. Symphonic poem "Ode to Finland" OP.26, "Legend" OP.9, "Swan of the Yellow Spring" OP.22NO.3, "Ocean Goddess" OP.73, "Tabiola" OP.112.
4. "Karelia" Suite.
5. Sad Round Dance OP.44.
6. Night ride and sunrise (orchestral music).
Ravel
French composer. (1875~1937)
Repertoire:
1. Piano music: "Water Play", "Mirror" (five songs), "Gasba by Night" (three songs), "Kupland's Mo" (six songs) , "Dead Princess's Hope".
2. Piano Concerto in G major and Piano Concerto in D major "Left Hand".
3. Orchestral music: "Polylu", "Western Rhapsody", "Mother Goose" Suite, "Waltz", "Daphne and Croy" Ballet Suite, "Noble and Sentimental Waltz", "Ku "Pulan's Tomb" Suite.
4. Violin music: "Habanera", "Gypsy".
5.F Major String Quartet.
6. Violin Sonata.
7. Introduction and Allegro.
8. Piano Trio.
Brock
Swiss composer. (1880~1959)
Repertoire:
1. Hebrew Rhapsody "Solomon" (cello and orchestra).
2. Violin Concerto.
Bartok
Hungarian pianist and composer. (1881~1945)
Repertoire:
1. Piano Concerto No. 1～3.
2. Orchestral Concerto.
3. Strings, percussion and piano music.
4. Ballet music "Strange Manchurian Officials".
5. Violin Concerto No. 2
6. Dance Suite.
7. Romani folklore dance.
8. String Quartet (six pieces).
9. Violin Sonata (two pieces).
10. Double violin duet (forty-four songs in total).
11. Sonata for unaccompanied violin.
12. Sonata for two pianos and percussion.
13. Play for fun.
14. Opera "The Castle of the Duke of Bluebeard".
15. Two rhapsody.
Kodaly
Hungarian composer. (1882~1967)
Repertoire:
1. "Halianos" Suite.
2. Peacock Variations.
3. Granda Collection.
4. Marosek Dance Collection.
5. Unaccompanied cello sonata.
Stravinsky
Russian composer. (1882~1971)
repertoire:
1. Ballet music "Firebird", "Petrohika", "Spring Rite".
2. "Poem Symphony" and "Three Music Symphony".
3. "Dumbarton Oaks" concerto.
4. The soldier's story.
5. "Puchinella"suite.
6. Violin Concerto in D major.
7. Symphony for wind music.
8. Dance concerto.
9. Clarinet Concerto "Ebony".
Shostakovich
Russian composer. (1906~1975)
Repertoire:
1. Symphony No. 1, 5, 7 and 10.
2. Ballet Suite "Golden Age".
3. Trumpet and Piano Concerto.
4. Piano Concerto in G minor OP.57.
5. Cello Concerto in E flat major.
6. Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor.
7. Cello Sonata OP.40.
8. Viola Sonata OP.147.
9. The second piano trio.
10. String Quartet No. 15.
11. Piano Quintet OP.57.
Britton
British composer. (1913~1976)
Repertoire:
Variations on "Frank Brecky Theme".
War Requiem.
How to appreciate
The so-called classical, in fact, refers to the sum of Western works from the Renaissance to the first 50 years of our time. The word "classic" in classical music is completely different from the word "classical". Classical music is already a cultural concept. Being Western and gradually means part of the mainstream music of the world. Indeed, to this day, Western classical music is like a skyscraper, and it is surrounded by large and influential small houses. The gap between the front and the back has enabled Western classical music to use global mainstream music, and even become synonymous with mainstream culture. The word classical no longer represents time or history, but a cultural concept.
But no matter how powerful it is, we, who are not the original culture of classical music, cannot blindly accept classical music. What is called music should have these characteristics:
has a beautiful or peculiar melody, has a sublime emotional power or the hidden ability of mysterious emotions, brings pleasure or triggers thinking.
Classical music, because of the melody and emotion, has been passed down to this day. Classical music is music that requires a certain amount of "training" to appreciate. This training includes understanding the principles of music, musical instruments, and the history of musical development, as well as understanding the writer himself, and even the artist conductor who performs the performance.
Classical music originated from the needs of early religion. Before the Renaissance, the music was mainly church chants, such as the chant of St. Gregory. In other words, the earliest form of music is "vocal music." Why is it vocal? Because the human voice is the most primitive and most moving voice in the world, so it is also the best "music". Of course, instrumental music did not develop in those days.
Understanding the source of classical music is equivalent to understanding that the most basic feature (or basic "hardware") of music is to have beautiful melody and sublime emotions. Without these elements, no matter how great a work is, it is empty. Of course, there is no great work without melody and emotion.
1. Classical music can develop noble sentiments and fraternity.
Classical music is an art of beauty. It is an admiration of the beauty of nature, the universe and life. It is an expression of the wisdom and personality of the human soul. It contains the gentle beauty and heaven and earth of human nature The grandeur and the love of classical music is to advocate the excellence of wisdom and the nobility of personality.
2, classical music can promote the health of the soul
music is an emotional art, classical music has the beautiful melody, rich emotions and orderly rhythms, which can resonate with inner emotions and follow the rhythm of the music danceIt, and the joy of it, makes the body and mind happy, stretched and healthy.
3, classical music can open up imagination and creativity
classical music is not only sound art, but also spiritual art. The rich musical language is the most abstract expression of human reason and emotion. It can make up for the lack of language education and science education, enlighten and expand the concept of time and space, thereby cultivating extraordinary imagination and creativity.
4, the intuitive ability that classical music can cultivate
music is the art of intuition. The reason why music is an art of intuition is that music directly understands and abstractly expresses the laws of the inner harmony of nature, the universe, and life. The qualities required by science are manifested in the sensitivity and grasp of the laws of harmony. This is scientific intuition. It is connected with music. Classical music is one of the best ways to unlock intuition.
5. Classical music is the art of life, which makes life colorful.
music comes from life, which is the beautification and purification of life. Music in life is like the breeze in summer, pleasant and refreshing, and warm and bright like the sun in winter. Once you develop the habit of listening to classical music, it is like adding a confidant and playmate in your life. All the tastes in life can be integrated into it, and you can get unlimited inspiration and happiness from it.
6, classical music is the perfect auditory art
children need classical music, especially infants. At the beginning of life, the development and growth of the auditory nerve determines the level of intelligence of children. At this time, a lot of sound stimulation is especially needed. The sounds of nature, such as wind and rain, as well as the sounds of people, supplemented by the sound of moderate volume music, are the most natural and effective way of education. Infancy is also a critical period for the development of human habits and temperament. Musical enlightenment education in this period will become his life's interest and hobby, which will benefit him throughout his life.
7. Classical music is a rational art and can cultivate meticulous thinking skills
On the surface, music is the inspiration for beating, but between movement and movement, between phrase and phrase, between voice and voice, and the collocation of instruments All reflect the meticulous logic. In a complete symphony, the development, progression, and interaction of different movements, and the mutual reflection of musical instruments all show the rationality of music. Therefore, listening to a complete symphony can transmit this rationality to us invisibly, and help us improve our thinking ability.
8, classical music is the art of the mean, easy to develop a mean and modest temperament
classical music is born out of religion, although it softens the emotional elements of humans, it still contains religious emotions. If we put aside the mystery of religion, we can feel that it contains humans' admiration of nature and the universe, which is expressed in music as the harmonious sound of man and nature. It’s no wonder that the music of the early classical music (Bach, Mozart, Haydn, etc.) flows with this charming beauty. Although there are no lack of secular emotions in it, they are all in line with the "medium"-the so-called "happy, angry, sad, happy" In the middle festival, these music is like Chinese guqin music, and they are all suitable for cultivating a simple and elegant temperament. (What I want to explain here is the later classical music. For example, the music of Beethoven, Tchaikovsky and other masters gradually breaks away from religious elements, and is more primitive emotions. Although their works are also classical music, they The work is full of emotional ups and downs and a strong cathartic personality. It deviates from the golden mean and is not suitable as a music teaching material.)
It is recommended to listen to complete classical music-symphony
Why should we emphasize listening to complete symphony? Most of the music selected by music education nowadays emphasizes adult emotions, that is, the so-called warmth and romance. According to this standard, manySymphony is no longer among them. Even if it is selected, it is only an excerpt from the beginning to the end. Most of them can only come into contact with the sketches made by classical music masters. This is not enough for children’s music enlightenment education, because warmth and romance are only one of the characteristics of music. It only expresses a kind of human temperament. It cannot fully represent the rich emotions that music wants to express. Moreover, if you only listen to one Emotional music will solidify our hearts and will not help build a complete and open mind.
Second, the reason why classical music masters are called masters is that their works have many themes, rich emotions, profound content, and complete musical ideas. If you only listen to snippets or sketches, you will not be able to fully understand the masters and appreciate the charm of music. , Of course not to mention music education.
At the beginning of life, the development and growth of the auditory nerve determines the level of intelligence of children. At this time, a lot of sound stimulation is especially needed. The sounds of nature, such as wind and rain, as well as human sounds, supplemented by the sound of moderate-volume music, are the most natural and effective way of education.
Finally, I hope that based on the existing music, we can listen to symphonies.
