The original issue of this article "Chinese Literature and History" Issue 3, 2020
Thanks to Mr. Chen Xifeng for the manuscript! Please indicate the source when quoting
Chen Xifeng
Changshu, Jiangsu. Doctor of History from Peking University, Associate Researcher of Cultural Technology Collaborative Innovation R&D Center of Sichuan University. He is now in charge of the "Study on the Formation and Evolution of the Border Defense Pattern in the Southern Song Dynasty" of the National Social Science Fund Western Project.
Abstract: The death of Shukou general Wu Lin was a major political event in the early period of the Southern Song Dynasty Xiaozong Dynasty. This article examines the reaction of the court and the Shu agents around Wu Lin's illness during Gao Xiao's time and the incidents of seeking command in Shukou. Regarding the issue of Xingshuai’s successor, the court wanted to abandon Wu’s children, while Wang Zhiwang, Wang Yingchen, Yu Yunwen and other Shu governing agents preferred Wu Lin’s nephew, Wu Gong. Before and after the death of Wu Lin, the military and political structure of Shukou briefly experienced drastic changes from Wu Ting , Wang Quan, Ren Tianxi to Ren Tianxi, Wu Sheng, Wu Ting and then to Yuan Qi, Wu Gong, and Wang Xingzu. The reason for the slightly tortuous process of seeking commandership is not due to the strong resistance of Wu’s military commanders, nor the differences between the court and the governing agents of Shu, but the fact that the court has always swayed to “repress Wu” when dealing with the issue. "Shishijiang" and "guarantee Sichuan" are two different ideas.
Keyword: At the time of high filial piety in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Sichuan governing agent Xingzhou governed Wu Lin, Wu Gong
. In the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the peaceful state of the southern half of China, the strategic position of border defense in Sichuan was very prominent. "The language. However, the spatial distance between Sichuan and the southeast core area is too far, which makes it difficult for the court to control the area. [1] Regarding this, Song Ting had to adjust his ruling strategy. On the one hand, he moderately tolerated the existence of Sichuan local forces, especially local military commanders; on the other hand, he dispatched civil servants as the main propaganda and envoys. , Xuanyu envoys, and the general leader of Caifu, etc., served in the land of Shu, giving them a certain amount of power to act as an agent for the court to govern Sichuan and coordinate the relationship between the central and local forces. [2] Therefore, in different periods, around the central area, offensive and defensive, peace, civil and military, military and civilian conflicts, the military and political operations of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty showed an extremely complicated relationship between the imperial court, the governing agents of Shu, and local military forces. .
's discussion on the military and politics of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, especially the topic of the generals of the Wu family, is the most inspiring, which has long attracted Chinese and foreign scholars to explore continuously. Chen Jiaxiu, Ihara Hiroshi, Wang Zhiyong, Yang Qianmiao, He Yuhong, etc. have all conducted in-depth research on this issue. [3] Recently, Wang Huayu wrote an article to sort out Wu Ting's deeds, which made up for the slight lack of research on the second generation of Wu's heads in academic circles. [4] This article intends to further focus on the relatively short period from the 31st year of Shaoxing (1161) to the five years of the main road (1169) on this basis, focusing on the investigation of the imperial court and the high filial piety that were neglected in previous studies. The agents of the Shu governor focused on the reaction and handling of the illness of the Shukou general Wu Lin, and the resulting problems related to the planning of Shukou. The reason why
can concentrate on sorting out this historical event mainly depends on the multidimensionality of historical materials. To deal with the issue of the military and political operations of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, it is necessary to fully respond to the voices of the court, the agents of Shu governing and military commanders. The basic historical records such as "Song Hui Yao Collection", "Song History · Ben Ji", "Si Nian Yao Lu since Jianyan" are more embodied by the imperial court's measures, which are composed of "Han Bin Ji", "Wen Ding Ji" and "Famous Officials of the Past Dynasties". The memorial materials of Wang Zhiwang, Wang Yingchen, and Yu Yunwen in "Yi" can partially see the opinions of the governing agents of Shu during this period. Generally speaking, military commanders belong to a relatively "aphasia" group in the course of history, but the existence or unearth of the epitaph inscription materials such as "Wu Lin Shento Stele", "Wu Ting Shento Stele", "Yang Congyi Epitaph" and "Ren Tianxi Tombstone" are for us At the time of Gao Xiao, the deeds of Sichuan generals provided the possibility. The author believes that the historical features based on official historical documents, memorials, and inscriptions may be an excellent case for us to observe the political game, power operation, and information communication between the Southern Song Dynasty court and Sichuan.
1. Wu Gong and Yao Zhong: Wang Zhiwang’s worries
After the Shaoxing Peace Agreement was signed, Song and Jin had maintained a peaceful situation for twenty years. In May of the 31st year of Shaoxing (6th year of Jin Zhenglong, 1161), the golden lord Wanyan Liang sent an envoy to the Song Dynasty to ask for "the land of Huai and Han and to take the ministers close to him" [5], and he would go south to public Yu Shi. Song Fang immediately targeted the Jianghuai, Jinghu, and Sichuan war zonesA series of deployments. On the Sichuan side, Wu Lin, a former general, sentenced Xingzhou, and former army commander, was appointed as the Sichuan Xuanfu Envoy, responsible for uniting the combat power of the three major commanding divisions (Xingzhou, Xingyuan, Jinzhou) in Shukou, and presided over the frontline military affairs. Guarantee Sichuan and Shu. What needs to be explained briefly is that after 11 years of Shaoxing, the Southern Song Dynasty government successively collected the four major Xuanfu, Huaidong, Huaixi, Jinghu, and Sichuan military powers, and divided the main regular forces in each theater into Zhenjiang, Jiankang, Chizhou, The seven major capitals of Ezhou, Jinzhou, Xingyuan, and Xingzhou were under the command of the imperial armies (dus command, also known as Rongshuai). The three major administrative divisions located in the Sichuan war zone are led by Xingzhou. This is not only related to the military traditions formed since the Wu Jie guarding Shu, but also due to the realistic considerations of the frontier defense in the theater: Xingzhou controls Chen Cang and Qishan, the two most important channels for the Northern Army to enter Shu, and the defensive pressure is extremely heavy. According to the number of troops stationed in the Shukou Station in the third year of the main road, Xingzhou Dutong Si 60,000, Xingyuan 17,000, and Jinzhou 11,000. [6] Xingzhou Metropolitan Command System has twice the total strength of the Xingyuan and Jinzhou Second Divisions, which is evident in its pivotal position in the Sichuan theater. At that time, people had the argument that "Sichuan army, independent power is more prosperous" [7]. After the Shaoxing peace talks, Xingzhou Dutong Division was in charge of Wu Lin for a long time. Under his rule, "West Road (by impromptu state) soldiers are the best in the world" [8].
In fact, taking the opportunity of Wu Jie's death in Shaoxing nine years (1139), Song Ting has taken the lead in completing the "Cultural System of Military Affairs" in Sichuan. Although Wu Lin used the right guard army to control his step-brother in charge of the army, he had to obey the control of Hu Shijiang and Zheng Gangzhong, deputy envoys of the Xuanfu of Sichuan and Shaanxi. He himself also stood shoulder to shoulder with the other two generals in Shukou, Yang Zheng and Guo Hao. There is no Xuanzhen in status. In the renewed war between the Jin and Song Dynasties, Song Ting did not appoint Wang Gangzhong, but instead used Wu Lin as the envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu, giving him full command of the army in Shukou. This move is certainly an affirmation of Wu Lin's military dominance and the recognition of his status as a commander, and it is also the central government's compulsory adjustment to the policy of "using culture to control military" to resist powerful enemies and protect Sichuan.
However, Wu Lin is now 60 years old and suffering from severe illness. According to the observation by Wang Zhiwang, the governor of Sichuan at the time, Lin "usually suffers from many illnesses" and is addicted to taking elixirs, "dozens of daily bait dansha" and "relapses". [9]'s weak physical condition will inevitably affect Wu Lin's control of the frontline battle situation, and lay a hidden danger for the paralysis of the highest military command system in the theater; but in terms of the relationship between the central and local military generals, Wu Lin's condition is the court. Breaking the Wu family provides an opportunity for the dominance of the military and politics of Shukou. Therefore, the selection of Wu Lin's disease and his successor, and the Xingzhou capital control system, became a major focus of the Southern Song Dynasty's attention in the following years.
At the beginning of September in the 31st year of Shaoxing, the Jin army attacked Dasanguan and opened the curtain of the "Battle of Xinsi". Upon hearing the news, Wu Lin hurried to the north from his resident Xingzhou and took command of the enemy to kill Jinping. However, he was seriously ill and could not even ride, so he could only go up to the base with his shoulders. [10] After finding out that Jin Fang was only a diversionary offensive, Wu Lin immediately sent troops out of Qishan Daoqi to attack Longyou, and at the same time the whole army attacked Dasanguan and the original monk fortress from Chen Cangdao. At first, Wu Lin planned to lead the army to detain him. He was helpless to suffer from the diseases of the viscera. "The viscera is a little safe, but the kidneys and bowels are suffering." "Every disease drama is also very dangerous." In the end, Xingyuan had to command Yao Zhong to replace him. Commander, "rejecting soldiers and horses", he returned to Xingzhou for a major nutritional illness in early November. [11]
Xingzhou Dutongsi's attack on Longyou was quite smooth, and even Keqin, Long, Tao, and Lanzhou were attacked; the Jinzhou garrison on the right wing of Shukou was also recovered under the leadership of the commander Ren Tianxi. Shang, Guo, Hua, Shaan, Guanzhong earthquake. [12] Contrary to the repeated defeats in the Jianghuai battlefield, the Song army made frequent successes in the Sichuan-Shanxi battlefield.
However, in November of that year, Wang Zhiwang, the chief of Sichuan, poured cold water on this good situation. He pointed out that there are two major hidden dangers in the Sichuan-Shanxi battlefield: one is that Yao Zhong, who is mainly attacking the Dasan Pass and the former monk, has been unable to open the situation, so that the Song army can never pose a direct threat to the hinterland of Jinfang Guanzhong; The physical condition of the war zone commander Wu Lin was "very dangerous and worried." [13] For this reason, Wang Zhiwang reported Wu Lin's condition to the court several times and suggested that his nephew Wu Gong be transferred back to Sichuan. [14] In one of the memorial notes, Wang said:
The people of Shu who feel safe before this, with their sister Wu Gong here, it depends on their urgency. Wu Gong moved to Xiangyang, and he always worried about helplessness. This is the case, How can we not pre-determined? ...The current situation in Shuzhong should not prompt Wu Gong to return. Make Wu Lin always safe and healthy and get Wu Gong's help, then the army's voice becomes more vigorous, and great achievements can be made quickly. If the disease does not increase and damage frequently, this army has nothing to worry about. Wu Lin is both Xuanfu, and Shang leads all the ministers. If Wu Gong is excluded, Xingzhou is judged by the Xuanfu envoy, which is more comfortable in the body. ...Life is unknowable, one party is in danger, and what is most urgent, hope that the court's power will be dealt with quickly. [15]
In the middle and late period of Shaoxing, Wu Gong successively served as the rear control of the Xingzhou Metropolitan Administration Department, the Central Military Metropolitan Command, Jichengxi, and Fengzhou Capital. It is said that Wu Lin relied heavily on him, "if he is out, he will lead him, and he will praise him for planning." [16]. On the eve of the "Battle of Xinsi", as part of the coordination of the war zone, Wu Gong was ordered to move the town to Xiangyang, replacing Tianshi in the control of Ezhou Dutongsi. In late October, due to the tight war in the Jianghuai region, the former Jinghu system set envoy and Marshal Chengmin returned to the southeast. Wu Gongsui took over the post of Jinghu system set envoy by E Shuai and became the commander-in-chief of the central battlefield.
Wu Lin was at that time serving as an envoy of Sichuan's propaganda and facilitator in the capacity of convicting Xingzhou and leading the army. In Wang Zhiwang's conception, the imperial court could not only grant Wu Gong Xingzhou capital control, return it to Shukou, share part of Wu Lin's duties and serve as his arm. In this way, not only can Wu Lin properly disperse the pressure and make Sichuan "the voice of the army is more vigorous"; more importantly, "the disease does not increase often" and "the life is unknowable". Once Wu Lin loses his commanding ability or even passes away suddenly, Wu Lin Gong, as the "reserving commander", can take over the post of commander of the theater on the spot. "The urgency depends on", so that the high-level military command in Shukou can be transferred smoothly.
Judging from the records of Wang Zhiwang in "Han Bin Ji" and "Yao Lu", the reason why he wanted to be transferred back to Wu Gong so urgently was largely because he worried that the command of the theater would fall into the hands of Yao Zhong, the Xingyuan capital. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Jie secured the Shukou. In addition to Wu Lin’s assistance, there were also eight more reliant generals including Yang Zheng, Tian Sheng, Yao Zhong, Wang Yan, Wang Jun, Wang Xi, Li Shiyan, and Yang Congyi. . When [17] "Battle of Xinsi" broke out, Yao Zhong, Wang Yan, Li Shiyan, and Yang Congyi were still in front of the Sichuan Army. Among them, Yao Zhong used the Baoning Army to take control of Ren Xingyuan, and Wang Yan used the Baoning Army to assume the responsibility of Jinzhou. The two and Xingzhou Wu Lin formed the new three generals in Shukou; Yang Congyi and Li Shiyan were divided. Xingzhou Metropolitan Administration Division controls the left and right. [18]
In terms of the order of the generals in the Sichuan theater at this time, once Wu Lin passed away, Yao Zhong was the one with the highest title and the most soldiers. Due to the long distance and the wartime situation, Song Ting, who had not made personnel deployment, was very likely to use Yao Zhong to replace Wu Lin in charge of the army based on the principle of "highly inferior, and few military stalks." Wang Zhiwang flatly refused to see this situation. Since serving as the transit judge on Tongchuanfu Road in Shaoxing in the twenty-five years (1155), Wang Zhiwang has served in Sichuan for six years and is well versed in Shu affairs. [19] According to his observations, Yao Zhong not only "has no strategy" and "non-general talent", but also has no success in ruling the army. Changping’s name”, “many officers and soldiers are occupied for their service, the people are not living”, Xingyuan is a government, and the military and government are extremely corrupt. He even predicted that "if this person succeeds, it will be a major disaster for Sichuan and Sichuan." [20]
Wang Zhiwang's proposal to transfer Wu Gong back to Shukou was undoubtedly put forward from the standpoint of the war zone. The experience of serving in Shu for many years has made him well aware of the situation of Yao and Wu. In his view, Yao Zhongtu has a false reputation and must not be relied upon. Only with Wu Gongji in control can he continue the good offensive posture in the Sichuan-Shanxi battlefield. In the course of the subsequent war, Yao Zhong first attacked the two cities of Gongzhou and Deshun for a long time, and then suffered a disastrous defeat outside the city of Yuanzhou. This completely confirmed Wang's judgment on his military ability.
However, the consideration of the highest decision-making level is very different from that of Wang Zhiwang where he is. The situation where Wu's family is in charge of Shukou's arms is by no means the court's delight. No matter how bad Yao Zhong is, he won't lose the battlefield veteran. If Wu Gong is transferred back at this time, and when he establishes his merits in the Sichuan-Shanxi battlefield and further accumulates people's popularity, his succession to the Xingzhou army will become inevitable. In response to Wang Zhiwang’s performance, the Privy Council examined the texts of the chambers and Hong Mai pointed out that "Wu has held the Shu soldiers with merit for 30 years. It is advisable to watch and listen with the new people, without making the tail too big." The voice of "anti-fraud". Furthermore, judging from the fact that Wang Yan, the governor of the Golden State, did not abide by Wu Lin’s order, whether [22] Wu Gong as a latecomer is effectiveThere is also a strong uncertainty in the ruling veterans such as Yao Zhong and Wang Yan. Therefore, the imperial court did not respond to Wang Zhiwang’s suggestion. We have not seen in the historical records that Song Ting made personal arrangements for Wu Lin’s disease. Perhaps Yao Zhong’s takeover of the Xingzhou Dutong Division was exactly what the court hoped.
With the continuous advancement of warfare, thirty-two years after entering Shaoxing, the Longyou area with the Deshun Army as the core gradually became the focus of the battlefield in Sichuan and Shanxi and even the entire Song and Jin battle. However, in Lin'an city, rumors of Wu Lin's "heart disease" were critically ill, which caused panic among the ruling savages. [23] Whether Wu Lin is healthy or not is not only closely related to the Sichuan-Shaanxi battle, but also has a major influence on the implementation of Song's next step and strategy. On February 1st, Yu Yunwen, who had just made the merit of quarrying but the enemy, was appointed as the Shangshu of the Ministry of War and the emissary of Sichuan and Shanxi, and rushed to Shukou. In addition to being responsible for "procuring troops and buying horses" [24] , field investigation of Wu Lin's condition is an important task of his trip. After arriving at Shukou, Yu Yunwen once had a memorial regarding the personnel situation in the war zone: the minister
stole that before Wu Linjun, except for Li Shiyan, there were no people who could practice military affairs and politics and could rely on. Shi Yan is now in his seventies and has not yet accepted the ministry of Lizhou East Road. …If you get sick as you might expect, like Wang Yan in Shangzhou, you are far away, Li Shiyan is already in decline, Yao Zhong and Fu Zhongxin are not ill, and they are not responsible for major events. The minister was begging to return to the team to play things first. It was said that Shu was far away from the imperial court. These things were different, the interests were the most important, and there was no urgency to support Wu. ...... Your Majesty Desire discusses with the ministers quickly and grants punishment early. [25]
In the memorial note, Yunwen stated to the court that Li Shiyan was sick and Wu Lin had no "people who can practice military and political affairs and can rely on" to the court. At the same time, he asserted that Xingyuan ruled Yao Zhong as "inadequate responsibility." "Major events", what Wang Zhiwang had seen is no different from the previous performance. However, unlike Wang's power to switch back to Wu Gong, Yu Yunwen did not give direct suggestions on candidates.
was recently sent to Shu as an agent, and Yu Yunwen's performance made the court have to consider transferring Wu Gong back to Sichuan. The subsequent defeat of Wonzhou put the idea of Yao Zhong in charge of Xingzhou Dutongsi completely stranded. At the time when the Western Front was stalemate on the battlefield, both Song and Jin put heavy troops in Longyou. Once the coach Wu Lin died of illness, if his successor is not a good one, not only the newly regained Longyou area will instantly change hands, but Shukou’s preservation is also a problem. Compared with the imminent situation in Sichuan and Shaanxi, Wu's generals' tail is only a "hidden worry" after all. In this regard, the court can wait patiently for the opportunity and make long-term discussions. So in the second half of that year, Wu Gong, who had been promoted to be in charge of the guards and infantry department, was released by the new emperor Xiaozong to the Sichuan-Shanxi battlefield. [26] However, after Wu Gong returned to Shu, what Wang Zhiwang had expected was not the Xingzhou capital control system, but the post of Jiewen Longzhou's manager and knowledgeable Jiezhou. Between the two orientations of "suppressing Wu's generals" and "guaranteeing Sichuan," although the court once again chose the latter, it still restricted Wu Gong's appointment to a certain extent.
2. The local and the central: the difference between seeking commanders
At the beginning of the first year of the main road (1165), Wu Lin (at the time when he was the envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu, sentenced to Xingzhou, and led the army to control the army), regardless of his weak body, "anti-champ Please move towards "[27]. At that time, the Longxing peace talks had just been reached, and the border situation was not completely clear. The army stationed in Shukou, which suffered heavy losses from Deshun's retired division, also urgently needed to calm the military. Sixty-four-year-old Wu Lin chose to visit Lin'an at this time for two purposes: first, to respond to the accusation of his domineering system by Hu Quan, the minister of war, and others with practical actions. In August of the second year of Longxing (1164), Hu Quan accused Wu Lin of "Jin Huo" in the "Yingzhao Yanshizuo", Shen Jie, the Sichuan system ambassador, and listed "Sichuan Shu worry" and "Ugly captive trouble" as "Today's urgent task", it is recommended that the court send heavy ministers to suppress it. [28] even more frankly stated by his officials that Wu Lin "holds power and is exclusively in power, but is jealous" and "holding the mouth of the army will cause future troubles." On the way to the east of [29], Wu Lin first pleaded with Shu to resign from the post of Sichuan Xuanfu, and then asked for an official resignation, which was actually a gesture of courtesy from the court. The second of [30] was to win the support of the court for the beloved son Wu Ting on the issue of the successor to the Xingzhou Metropolis, so that the new emperor Xiaozong could accept the Wu general to continue to lead the Xingzhou army. Before leaving, Wu Lin deliberately retained Wu Ting (then the Xingzhou Capital Commander under the Central Military Command) to know Xingzhou and presided over the defense of Shukou. [31]
At the end of April, Wu Lin and his entourage arrived in Lin'an. This is the second and last time that Wu Lin has created a dynasty after 12 years in Shaoxing.. The imperial court gave him a series of supreme courtesy and graces, such as Xu Lijiamiao, Jinfeng Junwang, and princes. When [32] entered the dynasty, Xiaozong really asked his opinion on the choice of a handsome man. Wu Lin was outspoken, arguing that "the fifth minister is very loyal and intelligent, and he can take responsibility." [33] is actually different from Wu Ting who was too young (twenty-nine years old at the time) and lacked independent experience. At that time, the Wenlongzhou Economic Envoy, also known Jiezhou, and Quanzhi Chengzhou Wu Gong should have been He is the most suitable candidate for Xingshuai. However, due to the earlier disagreement between Wu Lin and Wu Gong's nephew, Wu Lin preferred Wu Ting on the issue of successor. [34]
Considering that Xingyuan was under the control of the capital, Li Shiyan, the prefect, died at the end of the second year of Longxing. On May 23, the court ordered Wu Lin to transfer Xingyuan to Xingyuan, and still led Sichuan Xuanfu. This personnel change of [35] is worth noting. Because Wu Lin had already played Wu Tingquan to know Xingzhou before leaving Sichuan and was in charge of military affairs on his behalf, Song Ting ordered Wu Lin to change his sentence to Xingyuan at this time, which was actually a disguised recognition of Wu Ting's ruling Xingzhou. Sure enough, at the end of that year, Wu Ting was promoted to "ownership control" [36], surpassing Wu Gong to become the second only to Wu Lin in the Sichuan theater.
So we can see that the final situation in which Wu Lin reigned Xingyuan was governed by Xingyuan, his beloved son Wu Ting led Xingzhou, and his nephew Wu Gong controlled the troops and horses of the four states outside Guan. The general Wu's control over the military and political affairs of Shukou has not been terminated or weakened by the agreement reached and courtiers' criticism, but has become stronger.
On the surface, Xiaozong has met Wu Lin's grace exactly, and acknowledged the situation in which his son Wu Tingji was in charge of the Xingzhou army. The two goals of Wu Lin's entry into the DPRK can be said to have been successfully achieved. But under this beautiful picture, there is actually a dark tide. Song Ting has always regarded Wu's control of Shukou's military handle as a hidden danger for a long time. Before the "Battle of Xinsi" broke out, although Gaozong was forced by the war to appoint Wu Lin as the envoy of Sichuan, but in the course of the subsequent war, the court did not agree to the king's request to transfer Wu Gong back to Shukou. I just don't want to see Wu's too big to fall. Now that Wu Lin is old and sick, and the war between Song and Jin is extinguished, it is the perfect time for the court to break the military and political dominance of the Shukou general by the Wu family. However, due to the fact that the Wu family has maintained Shaanxi and Shu for more than 30 years and has a solid foundation, Wu Lin himself has not been overly domineering, and the abandoned heroes and generals are also inconsistent with the "recovery" temperament molded by Xiaozong, so he forbidden for a while. What the court was waiting for was only the moment when Wu Lin died.
After Wu Lin left the court, Song Ting began to use a variety of channels to look for handsome candidates. In the second year of the Qiandao Period (1166), through the consultation of Wei Qi, the political clerk, Xiaozong asked Wang Yingchen, the then Sichuan Institutional Envoy, to consult the generals of Shu Zhong, and asked him to recommend “the prestige of talents and prestige” in the army of Shukou. "Serve" commander officer, and specifically pointed out that the recommended person "does not have to be qualified for publicity", "but DEK is always Xingzhou army." After Wang Yingchen received the decree, he recommended the following three candidates:
minister Fushijianpengri Tianwu Sixiangdu Commander, Anyuan Army Propaganda Envoy, and Zhijie Prefecture Wu Gong, who are honest and honest, rigorous to the public, and loyal to the family. It is often the ambition to sacrifice one's life and serve the country, and the scrutiny is quiet, the matter is not light, and the famous history is beneficial. His father, Wu Jie, fought in a hundred battles to preserve Shu, and the Shu people cherished his kindness and worshipped in the temple. But the arch can do this, not only for the use of happy, the people also like it. For example, in the second year of Longxing, the golden people entered, and all the generals came out, and the victory of the Qishan battle alone was won. Or referred to as cowardice (choose) [avoid? 〕It can also be seen that it is otherwise. Fushimi Guozhou Regiment Training Envoy, Xie Chengxi and Fengzhou Soldiers and Horses, under the control of the imperial army, and restrained Lizhou garrison Ma Wu Sheng, brave and loyal, fair and fair, good at training military affairs, good soldiers, better than Wu The arch can be times. Fushimi also gave the defense envoy of Yingzhou and Yao Zhong, the commander of the horse infantry on the north road of Jingjing, who was the home of generals and Guan Fu, and was convinced. Much of his meritorious service was in Sichuan and Shaanxi. In the thirty-one years of Shaoxing, the war of Wonju, he was brave enough to underestimate the enemy, so that he lost. He offends idleness, and often has the ambition to sigh with emotion and self-effect. At that time, Shen Jie set up an envoy for the western system of Lake Beijing, begging to accompany him, and also can make use of priority. [37]
Wang Yingchen recommended the three generals, obviously there is a priority order, Wu Gong is recommended first, Wu Sheng second, and Yao Zhong last. Judging from his narration of the three generals, Wu Gong has much more space than Wu Sheng and Yao Zhong, which reflects Wang's preference for Wu Gong in the selection of Xingshuai. It is worth noting that, in addition to emphasizing that Wu Gong possesses the commander quality of "ruling the public and being careful and quiet", Wang Yingchen also specifically mentioned that the Shu people have Wu Jie ende, and Gong inherited his father's style, "ShizuleFor use, the people also like it", which will surely stabilize the hearts of the soldiers and civilians in Sichuan after the war. The most taboo factor of the imperial court, "Wu's general", was controlled by Wang Yingchen as an important plus item, which once again appeared in There are differences in the positions of the Song court and its agents on the issue of Shukou’s commandership. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Sichuan’s institutional envoys were mostly served by civil servants, who were mainly responsible for coordinating the relationship between Sichuan’s local forces (prominently represented as local military commanders) and the court. The role of the imperial court in the Sichuan region. In principle, the governing agents of the government of Sichuan must follow and uphold the will of the central government, and all take the imperial court’s interests as the starting point; however, because of the closer and deeper understanding of the battlefield situation and local realities The understanding of the empire made them not necessarily consistent with the imperial policy in everything. On the issue of seeking commanders in Shukou, Wang Yingchen naturally understood the basic considerations of the imperial court’s selection of commanders and the subtle relationship between the Wu family and the imperial court, but he still straightforwardly stated Wu's generals are deeply rooted in Sichuan, and they cannot be abandoned suddenly. The appointment of Wu Gong is conducive to consolidating and stabilizing the hearts of Sichuan's military and civilians. It is not difficult to imagine that after Wang Yingchen's memorandum was heard, Xiaozong will certainly not be satisfied.
Four years ago, Yu Yunwen, who had served as the envoy of Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, was also inquired by the imperial pen as "Shukou seeks a commandership" because of his familiarity with the military situation in the west. However, Yu Yunwen, who was idle in the temple, may be out of consideration for not being in his position. , Did not provide the exact candidate for Wu Lin’s successor, but only knocked down the rulership of Xingyuan Capital, emphasizing that this person was “greedy and cunning, and things will go wrong in the future.” In addition, Yu Yunwen also suggested that Xiaozong change his mind and try to change his mind from “official position”. In this way, the appointed person “will be able to encourage themselves deeply” and the court will be easier to control. [38]
will be recommended or alternative in addition to consulting the current and former governing agents. The generals are called to go to visit and conduct face-to-face inspections. It is also an important way for the Southern Song monarchs to identify and select high-ranking commanding officers in various theaters. During the Gaozong era, the tradition of taking turns to call up the upper commanding officers to meet face-to-face was formed. [39] "Song Huiyao" records that in the two or three years of the main road, many high-level and middle-level generals from Shukou, including Wang Gui, Zhang Ping, Yao Zhi, and Wu Sheng, all went to Que. [40] Yu Yunwen also talked about it in the chapter. Xiaozong successively "commanded two surrenders" and called Zhang Ping to the fact that "it is right at different times, or there is a choice." [41]
and Sichuan Xuanfu ambassador Wu Lin favored Wu Ting, and Wang Yingchen, the system envoy, recommended Wu Unlike Gong, Song Ting clearly hopes to bypass the Wu brothers and find another candidate to be a handsome man among the generals in Shukou. However, Xiaozong was greatly disappointed by the results of the inspection and interview, and lamented that the called generals had "nothing to do". [42]. In fact, in terms of the situation at the time, it was really not easy to break Wu's general control over the military handle of Shukou at the military personnel level. This must be from the "Battle of Xinsi" after Wu The brothers discussed the overall situation of the other commanding generals in the army stationed in the Shukou Tun. As mentioned earlier, in the "Battle of Xinsi", Wu Gong has served as important positions for the control of the capital of Ezhou and the envoy of the Jinghu system. The commander of the war zone alongside the old generals Wu Lin and Liu Qi. In August of the Second Year of Taoism, Song Ting established the "Thirteen Military Merit Lists Since ZTE", and Wu Gong's Jinghu battlefield (Cihu, Queshan, Caizhou) was selected. Although the selection criteria of [43] is controversial, it is still difficult to conceal its power to dominate the enemy. At the end of the second year of Longxing, Wu Gong, who returned to Shukou (at the time Wenlongzhou Economic Envoy, Jianzhijiezhou, Quanzhichengzhou), again won the battle of Qishanbao. During [44]
"Battle of Xinsi", Wu Ting's performance was also eye-catching. He first led the army to conquer the strong cities of Zhipingzhai and Gongzhou, and then defeated the Golden Army in Deshun Army and Watingzhai. After Yao Zhong defeated Yuanzhou, Wu Ting was ordered to temporarily restrain the Xingyuan Capital and succeeded in stabilizing the decline. [45] It can be said that although Wu Ting, who was only 24 years old at the time, failed to serve as the commander-in-chief in the "Battle of Xinsi", it was the emergence of the Sichuan theater and the entire Southern Song military during the time of Gao Xiao. Few "Jiangxing". The sharp contrast between
and the high-gloss performance of the "Two Wus" is that in the early years of Xiaozong, the commanding troops of the Sichuan Theater experienced a serious crisis of "off gear". The first is that several veterans left over from the Wu Jie era have withdrawn from the stage of history after the war. Xingyuan Capital Commander Yao Zhong was blamed for the defeat of Wonju, and he has since retired from the ranks of front-line commanders; [46] Jinzhou Capital Commander Wang Yan transferred the two Huai battlefields due to conflicts with Wu Lin and served as Jiankang Capital Commander , Which was later abandoned due to the defeat of Zhaoguan; [47] succeeded Yao Zhong as Ren XingyuanLi Shiyan, a veteran under the control of the capital, passed away at the end of the second year of Longxing; [48], in September of the second year of the main road, the former Xingzhou Metropolitan Government Department left control and veteran Yang Congyi Fengshi; [49] in the same year, in the "Battle of Xinsi The outstanding performance of the Xingzhou Metropolitan Government Commanding Officer and veteran thanked Qi Qi. [50]
middle-level commanding officers also suffered severe losses. This was mainly due to the two major defeats in Wonju and Deshun. In May of the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, Yao Zhong led an army to rescue Yuanzhou and was defeated at Beiling outside the city. The defeat of this battle resulted in the demise of the elite troops of the Xingyuan Capital Commanding Division. The commanding officers suffered a devastating blow. The former Xingzhou army under the command of Zheng Shilian, "the commander is seven, the general is thirty, the team is seventy and three, and Died in the array" [51]. The defeat of Deshun’s resignation a few months later was the biggest catastrophe since the defeat of Fuping in the Sichuan theater. The elite of the western army—the “more than 30,000 soldiers” of the Xingzhou Dutong Division, finally “received no one. Seven thousand", "control and save very little." [52]
In short, on the one hand, the Wu brothers’ performance in the "Battle of Xinsi" was sufficiently convincing; , The once veteran army of Shukou has withered, and to a large extent has fallen into an embarrassing situation of no generals. It is not easy for the court to abandon the Wu brothers and find another good general in the Sichuan war zone.
3. From Ren Tianxi, Wu Sheng to Yuan Qi, Wu Gong: Rong Shuai’s replacement
Just as Song Ting multilaterally explored the merits of the Shukou commander, Wang Yingchen was based in Chengdu and closely followed the movements of Shukou. , And immediately conveyed to the imperial court information about the development of Wu Lin’s condition. In March of the third year of the road, at the end of a letter with Chen Junqing, a member of the Privy Council of Tongzhi, Wang Yingchen talked about the recent situation of Wu Lin, saying that on February 21, the Wu family was once very ill, "urgently call his second son to know Lizhou, People from Mianzhou", the news came out later that the condition was relieving, but the two sons "have not returned." [53] In early April, Wang Yingchen issued a memorial to the court, saying that Wu Lin was critically ill again and had called his eldest son, Zhilizhou Wu Yuan, to go to Xingzhou. On May 6th, the chief executives Jiang Fu, Yu Yunwen and others advanced to present the performance, and the imperial meeting began to discuss the issue of prospering handsome candidates. Regarding this, "Song Hui Yao Compilation Draft" has the following description:
said: "If Wu Lin can't afford it, who can replace it?" Yu Yunwen said: "Qing (preface) [Preface] Ren Tianxi It can replace Wu Lin, and so is it." Yunwen said: "I don't know Ren Tianxi. I'm in front of the mountain, and I heard many soldiers serve him." It’s a veteran.” Shang said: “You can call to go and see the person.” [54]
Obviously, before that, Yu Yunwen, a member of the Privy Council, had recommended to Xiaozong to take over the governor of Jinzhou, Tianxi, Xingshuai post. [55] Compared with Wang Yingchen, the Sichuan system administrator who cannot understand the Sacred Heart, Yu Yunwen seems to be more able to grasp Xiaozong's intention to abandon the Wu brothers. However, when Xiaozong mentioned this incident, Yunwen cautiously stated that he had not contacted Ren Tianxi, and his source of information was only Ren's reputation among soldiers in Shukou. In addition, as the political affair Jiang Fu said, the Ren family is certainly considered a veteran and has a good performance in the "Battle of Xinsi", but after all, "his man is old"-at the age of sixty-seven [56], Xiaozong was still undecided about whether he could take on the important task of commanding the Xingzhou army, so he decided to use the old method of Xuanzhao to Que and personally evaluate it.
On May 17, Wu Lin, a famous general, passed away in Xingyuan at the age of 66. [57] However, at this time Song Ting still has not selected Xingshuai candidates. Earlier, Wang Yingchen had already sent a message about Wu Lin's illness. In this regard, the prince meeting on June 4 again discussed the issue of successor. According to the official records of the "Song Hui Yao Collection": On June 4,
(three years of main road), the minister said: "Wu Lin is seriously ill, and there is no one who can replace him. Ren Tianxi was called yesterday, It is heard that he is old, if he is unbearable, who can be used? And Wang Yingchen was transferred to Lizhou, and the army was temporarily restrained, but the court chose his people." Chen Junqing said: "The generals are extremely rare. And know Yangzhou. , The ruler of the kingship, and it is not very satisfying." Shang said: "I also know it. But there is no one, and I am not at ease at the time." Yu Yunwen said: "This person has lost both Huaixi and Huaixi. How can it be used?" "Honesty is honesty." So there was a purpose, with Wu Sheng as the ruler of Lizhou East Road, and the king's power called to go. [58]
contains a lot of information. First, according to the plan, the imperial court had called for Jinzhou to rule Ren Tianxi into the court. Judging from the expression of “it is heard that he is old, in case it becomes unbearable”, Xiaozong does not seem to have much confidence in Ren Tianxi taking over the army of Xingzhou. Second, because Xingshuai’s successor was not selected for a long time, the imperial court had to order Wang Yingchen, the Sichuan system in Chengdu, to go north to Lizhou and temporarily control the situation; third, Xiaozong "there is no one to replace the generals" and Chen Junqing" The sigh of "the generals are extremely rare" reveals the difficulty of the decision-makers trying to shelve the Second Wu and find another good general in Shukou; fourth, Yu Yunwen once again exposed the old scars of the defeat of the Huaixi ruler of the Xingyuan Capital. No chance to go further, but even the position of Marshal Xing was not guaranteed. Fifthly, Wu Sheng, who had been recommended by Wang Yingchen and had been in the court, was promoted to the Xingyuan capital. This imperial meeting aimed at discussing Xingshuai's candidates eventually ended with Marshal Xing's personnel replacement.
As for the attribution of Xingshuai, there is no positive description in the handed down documents, and few modern scholars talk about it. Fortunately, the "Ren Tianxi Tombstone" unearthed in the 1980s provides us with key information:
main road for three years, summoned back. Huixi commander Wu Xin and Wang Lanxun was to change the command of all the army before Gongxingzhou stationed in Zha, and he was appointed as a defensive envoy of Hezhou. [59]
Ren Tianxi, who was called to Que, finally passed Xiaozong’s interview and was appointed Xingshuai. In just a few years after the "Battle of Xinsi", the veteran benefited from the special military and political structure of Shukou, and he actually completed the "three levels" from the commander of the army stationed in Jinzhou to the control of Jinzhou and then to the control of Xingzhou. jump".
During this period, Wu Lin's love son Wu Ting's movements are also worthy of attention. In the last two years of Wu Lin's life, Wu Ting has been the actual host of the Xingzhou Army. According to the record of "Wu Ting Tombstone", in April and May of the third year of the road, Wu Lin, who knew that there was not much time, sent Wu Ting to the court, trying to win the favor of Xiaozong through face-to-face interviews, and then obtain the court for him. Recognized by the successor Xingshuai. Faced with Wu Ting, Xiaozong assumed a gesture of willingness to accept him. He not only had a sincere conversation with him, "to miss more than ten minutes," he also appointed him as the "commander of the guards and troops, and restrained the Xingzhou army." [60] It can be said that Wu Ting is the only difference in his status from the position of Xingzhou. However, when he returned to Shukou happily, what he got was the imperial order of Ren Tianxi to lead the Xingzhou army and transfer to Jinzhou Metropolis. [61] In the end, Wu Ting, who lost his father’s asylum, had to accept the court’s arrangement and go to Jinzhou for his post.
In short, after the death of Wu Lin, Shukou temporarily formed a situation where the former Jinzhou Metropolitan Command Ren Tianxi moved to Xingzhou Metropolitan Command, and the former Xingzhou Metropolitan Commander Wu Sheng was promoted to Xingyuan Metropolitan Command. Wu Lin's chosen successor, Wu Ting, who actually presided over Xingzhou's military affairs before, was only placed in the weakest Jinzhou Metropolitan Commander, while another Wu leader, Wu Gong, could not even join the ranks of the military commander. The brothers Wu Jie and Wu Lin’s control of the Xingzhou army for more than 30 years was easily broken by Xiaozong.
However, judging from the selection process of Emperor Xiaozong’s ministers at the Imperial Conference in the "Song Hui Yao Collection", the appointment of Ren Tianxi and Wu Sheng to lead the Xingzhou and Xingyuan Divisions is not so much a selection by the court. Rather, it is a near-helpless expedient. "Wu Lin is seriously ill, and there is no one who can replace him" is the reality of military affairs in Shukou in Xiaozong's eyes. Sure enough, not long after, Xiaozong denied himself, calling Ren Tianxi "private", Wu Sheng "dumb", "and they are all constant talents", and he could not take on the important task at all; [62] also forcibly prevented Wu Ting from taking the lead It may cause turbulence, and Wang Yingchen, who is temporarily serving as the promulgator, has never been involved in the military, so it may be difficult to control the situation. Therefore, on June 8th, Yu Yunwen, who is known for his knowledge of military affairs, was assigned to serve as an envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu as a scholar of the Imperial Palace and rushed to Shukou. [63] According to Zhou Bida’s Record of Rafting in the Mountains, Yu Yunwen hurriedly set off on June 20. [64]闰On July 29th, he has arrived at the Jinzhou boundary at the east end of Shukou, and the journey is only two months. [65] Looking back at the second year of Longxing, Wang Yingchen took up the post of the Sichuan system. It took four months from the boat trip from Raozhou, Jiangxi to Wanzhou on Kuizhou Road. The comparison of [66] shows the imperial court’s anxiety about the situation in Shukou at that time. After
arrived in Sichuan, Yu Yunwen immediately began to investigate the deeds of Ren Tianxi and Wu Sheng. Soon he discovered that Ren Tianxi was "dark and cowardly in appearance, unruly in the military", "greedy and desireless", Wu Sheng""Stupid and ignorant", "not strict military rules, more favoritism", so the two members are not generals, and they can't convince the public. When they are in a hurry, they will miss the affairs of the country." [67] It is in agreement with Xiaozong’s previous judgment.
Based on the principle of “a general must be obtained first”, the imperial court did not immediately dismiss the appointment and the second general of Wu, but made Yu Yunwen to step up the search for new candidates for the military commander. In the following year, the selection of the commander became the focus and difficulty of Yu Yunwen’s work in Shu. According to his observation: "The generals of Shu, who are more advanced in frontier affairs, or are brave to fight, or have a good reputation, such as Jifang and Sun. Zheng, Liu Xing, Zhao Feng, and Lu Hui are old and exhausted; such as Mei Yan, Zhang Yan, Hui Feng, Li Liang, Liu Hai, Yao Zhi, sick and abandoned. Secondly, although there are more than a dozen people, they are not convinced by others. "[68] The defeat of Yuanzhou and the collapse of the Deshun division have a profound and long-lasting negative impact on the Sichuan theater. It is a great irony that the army of Shukou, which once dominated the world, has no generals. For this reason, Yu Yunwen played several times, bluntly saying "there is no one who has been elected in the current Shu generals" [69], "the western generals who have no outstanding talents can be used by your majesty" [70], trying to change Xiaozong's "only desire" "On the Shu army’s choice of" commander’s inherent thinking. During this period, Xiaozong also paid the imperial pen, deliberately appointing Yao Zhong as the military commander of the East Road, and reinstated the Xingyuan Capital Commander, but Yu Yunwen resisted. [71]
"Since has not been elected", Yu Yunwen proposed two plans for the selection of the commander. One is to give priority to the dispatch of commanders who have no military positions from the eastern or central battlefields into Sichuan. His specific suggestion is:
If you see the current chief general Officials can’t stop dispatching, ministers’ inquiries about public opinions, and those who ask for them to be abolished, and the old tastes are used by His Majesty, such as Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan, or can be used for Xilu, Yuan Qi and Liu Yuan, or It can be used in East Road and Jinzhou. [72]
Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan are both veterans of the Jianghuai theater. During the "Longxing Northern Expedition", they were used by Zhang Jun as a general in command. Later, they were convicted of Fu Li's defeat. Yuan Qi Former General Liu Qi, the "Battle of Xinsi" Zaponjiao Lin became famous in the first battle. In the third year of the main road, Wang Xuan succeeded Wang Xuan and took over the command of Jingnan Capital and guarded Xiangyang. He was dismissed from the army in August 2008 and moved to the commander of the Horse Infantry Army on Jinghu South Road and stationed in Tanzhou. [74] Among the four generals, Li Xianzhong has the most official capital and the highest prestige, followed by Shao Hongyuan, Yuan Qi and Liu Yuan.
Judging from the summary of Yu Yunwen's three or four years of the main roads in "Memorials of Famous Officials of the Past Dynasties", his most preferred candidate for Xingshuai is Li Xianzhong. This should be related to the brief experience of the two of them. At the end of the 31st year of Shaoxing, Yu Yunwen (the military staff of the Supervision Government at the time) and Li Xianzhong (the commander of the Jiankang capital at the time) were jointly responsible for the defense of the river from Jiankang to Zhenjiang. After that, whether he served as the envoy of the Jinghu system or the emissary of Sichuan, Yu Yunwen spared no effort to recommend Li Xianzhong , I hope to be cited as an arm. [75] However, for this veteran, Xiaozong who is determined to make a difference is obviously reserved for reuse. [76]
The second is reluctantly selected from the existing commanding officers in Shukou. In this regard, Yu Yunwen also submitted a recommended list:
Wu Gong is disciplined and quiet, sergeants fear love, and can be appointed. Secondly, such as Li Huozhi's gang and bravery, Wang Chengzu's Shen Yu, and Liang Bingzhi's training, all have a reputation in the army. , Or can be picked up alternatively. [77]
Like Wang Yingchen, Wu Gong is the first choice in this list, followed by Li Huo, Wang Chengzu, Liang Bing and others. At the end of the four years of the
road, Ren Tianxi and Wu Sheng were both quilted. At the same time, Jingnan Commander Qi was transferred to Shu from the Jinghu Battlefield and took over the Xingzhou Dutong Division, Wu Gong was appointed as the Xingyuan Capital Commander, and Wang Chengzu was appointed as the Jinshuai. Form the new three generals in Shukou. [78] The key to this personnel pattern is that Wu Gong is in charge of Xingyuan Dutongsi, which to a certain extent reflects the court's compromise with Wu's generals. Judging from the process of selecting the commander of Xiaozong's emperor and his ministers at the previous imperial meeting, the brothers Wu Gong and Wu Ting did not appear in the court's consideration. Therefore, Wu Gong was placed in the ranks of Rong Shuai, but he did not make it the final arrangement for Xiaozong to lead Xingzhou.
is based on the personnel arrangement of Yuan Qi and Wu Gong divided into two divisions of Xingzhou and Xingyuan, which is praised as an important part of Yu Yunwen's achievements in governing Shu by Yang Wanli's "Zhongsu Yugong Shinto Stele". The inscription says:
opens the shogunate in Lizhou,...The first recommended member Qi is the Xishuai, Wu (Gong) [Gong] is the Dongshuai,...The general wins, the late advance is extended, the army cheers, and the four Shus exchange congratulations. [79]
What is worth noting here is the reaction of the Sichuan soldiers after the appointment and Wu became the commander. As the "airborne commander in chief", Yuan Qi's appearance in the Xingzhou Dutong Division was obviously not enough to arouse the enthusiastic response of the army in Shukou. The only thing that could cause the "cheering of the army" effect was the appointment of Wu Gong as Xingyuan Dutong. "Cheers from all armies, congratulations in the four Shus" reflects the unparalleled prestige of the Wu family in the Sichuan war zone, and also reflects the entanglement between the Southern Song court and its agents in the process of restraining Wu's general and governing Shu.
In the next few years, Yuan Qi, Wu Gong, and Wang Xingzu divided the three capitals of Shukou into a relatively stable pattern. The military and political structure of Sichuan will undergo new changes after the death of Yu Yunwen and Wu Ting's return to Shukou in the first year of Chunxi (1174).
Conclusion
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Wu generals in the Sichuan war zone were not only the backbone of the country's resistance to the northern national regime and the preservation of Sichuan and Shu, but also a potential threat to local separatism and national division. Therefore, whether at the level of system design or in the process of personnel replacement, Song Ting always had two contradictory ideas for the Wu family: On the one hand, out of the consistent principle of "prevention of fraud", the court should try to restrain Wu family, especially Wu's presidency sits big in order to eliminate the possibility of local separatism; but at the same time, the court had to rely on Wu's to stabilize its national defense and strengthen frontier preparations to ensure the combat power of Shukou.
Wu Lin's death was a major political event in the early Xiaozong Dynasty. Regarding the issue of Xingshuai’s successor, the court hoped to abandon Wu’s children and find another good general, while Wang Zhiwang, Wang Yingchen, Yu Yunwen and other Shu governing agents preferred Wu Lin’s nephew, Wu Gong. Before and after Wu Lin's death, the military and political structure of Shukou experienced a brief change in personnel matters from Wu Ting, Wang Quan, Ren Tianxi to Ren Tianxi, Wu Sheng, Wu Ting to Yuan Qi, Wu Gong, and Wang Xingzu. The reason for the slightly tortuous process of seeking commandership is not due to the strong resistance of Wu’s military commanders, nor the differences between the court and the governing agents of Shu, but the fact that the court has always swayed to “repress Wu” when dealing with the issue. "Shishijiang" and "guarantee Sichuan" are two different ideas.
After Jin Fang made public his intention to go south, Gaozong immediately adopted the suggestion of Yang Chun, a political minister, to adjust the policy of "using culture to control military force" and hand over all Sichuan military power to Wu Lin to resist powerful enemies. Warranty Shukou. [80] However, during the war, regarding the request of the governor of Sichuan, Wang Zhiwang, to transfer Wu Gong back to Shukou and take the charge of the Xingzhou Dutongsi, the court refused to accept it because of fear that the Wu family would be a big leader. Yes. As the battle on the Western Front between the Song and Jin Dynasties entered a white-hot stage, Wu Gong was finally released by Xiaozong to Shukou in order to preserve Sichuan.
In the early years of the main road, Xiaozong on the one hand treated Wu Lin who had come to the dynasty indifferently, and admitted that his son Wu Ting continued to take the leadership of the Xingzhou army, but on the other hand, he frequently sought the opinions of his former or current Shu governing agents and called Shukou. The commanding soldiers led the dynasty and tried to bypass the Wu family and find another successor to Xingshuai. After the death of Wu Lin, the court had selected Ren Tianxi and Wu Sheng to be in charge of Xingzhou and Xingyuan Divisions, thus ending Wu's rule over the military handle of Shukou. However, the quality of the two generals Ren and Wu was not satisfactory and could not take on the responsibility of guaranteeing Sichuan. In the end, in the dilemma that there was no general in Shukou, Yu Yunwen, the governing agent of Shu, reached an agreement with Xiaozong, and the imperial court took the initiative to make policy adjustments: from the Jinghu battlefield, Qi was transferred to the Xingzhou capital control, and Wu Gong was used to take over the three of Shukou. Xingyuan Capital is in the middle of the division. For Song Ting, who aimed to get rid of the evils of the Wu family, Wu Gong’s appointment as Marshal Xing was a kind of "limited use", and at the same time, the two ideas of "suppressing the Wu family" and "guaranteeing Shukou" turned from entanglement. Eclectic reflection.
Supplement: This article is the stage of the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Key Scientific Research Base Project "Information Communication and National Order in the 7th-16th Century" (17JJD770001), and the National Social Science Foundation Western Project "Study on the Formation and Evolution of the Southern Song Border Defense Pattern" (19XZS007) Sexual results. The manuscript was submitted to "Jusheng Academic Forum Eighth: 7-16th Century Information Communication and National Order Workshop" (November 2017, Beijing) for discussion. It has been criticized and corrected by teachers such as Huang Kuanzhong, Iiyama Zhibao, Wang Huayu, etc. Thanks Chen.
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[1] For discussions about the road mileage and information communication between the Southern Song Dynasty court and Sichuan, refer to Cao Jiaqi's "Document Transmission between Southern Song Dynasty Court and Sichuan Region", "Chinese Social SciencesStudies, Issue 5, 2014; Chen Xifeng, "The Speed of Document Transmission between the Southern Song Dynasty Court and the Locality: Focusing on the Sichuan Region", Volume 45 of Chinese Studies, Beijing, Peking University Press, 2021, immediate issue .
[2] For the study of agents governing Shu in the early Southern Song Dynasty, see He Yuhong, "Affordable Actions" and Centralization: Centering on the Operation of the Southern Song Dynasty Chuan-Shan Xuan-Fu Disposal Department, "Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)" 2007 No. 4 of 2012; He Yuhong, "Local Authority and Central Control: On the Death of Zheng Gangzhong", "Social Science Front", No. 3, 2010; Wang Huayu, "The Central Dispatch of Shu Commanders in the Early Period of Shaoxing in Southern Song Dynasty", "Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Science Edition)" 2014 Issue 1.
[3] Chen Jiaxiu, "Growth and Development of Wu's Generals' Power", "Journal of Taipei Teachers College" No. 11, 1984; Chen Jiaxiu, "Wu's Generals' Rule over Sichuan and Countermeasures in Southern Song Dynasty", "Journal of Taipei Teachers College" "No. 12, 1985; Hiroshi Ibara, "The Power of Wu Family in Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty-The History of Wu Xi's Chaos", included in "The Memorial of Dr. Aoyama Sasayo: History of Song Dynasty" edited by the Song Dynasty History Research Office of Toyo Bunko, Tokyo, Mindset Study Room, 1974, pp. 1-33; Wang Zhiyong, "The Rise and Fall of the Wu Family in the Southern Song Dynasty", Chengdu, Bashu Publishing House, 1995; Yang Qian's description of "Wu Family Generals: A Biography of Wu Ji, Wu Lin, Wu Ting and Wu Xi", Baoding, Hebei University Press, 1996; He Yuhong, "Study on the Administrative Operation System of Sichuan and Shaanxi Border Defense in Southern Song Dynasty", Shanghai, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2012.
[4] Wang Huayu, "Management of the Imperial Court in Sichuan in the Middle Southern Song Dynasty: Taking Wu Ting's Deeds as an Example", "Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Science Edition)" 2016, Issue 6.
[5] Lee
