(⊙_⊙)
Global Humanities and Geography
Earth Knowledge Bureau-
midnight, the operation began, the Chinese army followed orders to the new garbage bridge not far away, preparing to withdraw from the center of Shanghai from the public concession. Reorganized in Huxi. However, the Japanese army discovered the movement of the 524th Regiment and opened fire, wounding about ten Chinese soldiers. The remaining people successfully entered the concession under the leadership of the chief Xie Jinyuan.
can wait for them on the other side of the river, not from the chairman’s award, but from the embarrassing years of imprisonment...
The battle in the four-line warehouse may be the highlight of these people
but not their end of life
(Picture: Niu Yidian/Pi Chong Creative) ▼
From soldier to prisoner
Four-line warehouse defense battle is one of the few battles between Chinese and Japanese forces in the battle of Songhu. In normal battles, the Japanese army's sea, land, air, and armored forces can often cooperate in combat, and the three-dimensional attack is almost exclusively the Chinese army. The formed Chinese infantry came to the battlefield, and after a few hours, they became incomplete, which is a common occurrence on the Songhu battlefield.
The Chinese army actually took the initiative in the early stage. However, the gap in military power quickly manifested. Shanghai was unable to defend it. ▼
At that time, Japan's war capabilities were overwhelming China's
From weapon production to organization and mobilization capabilities, China still has a long way to go. The way to go is
(August 14, 1937, Asahi Shimbun’s Propaganda for the Songhu War)
(picture: wikipedia) ▼
For this reason, Feng Yuxiang’s comment on the Songhu battlefield has only two simple words—— "The melting pot", a melting pot of life.
After the Japanese bombing, the surviving baby
at Shanghai South Railway Station (photo: wikipedia)▼
However, because the four-line warehouse was adjacent to the concession, Japan at that time did not want to provoke Western interference, so it rarely used heavy firepower and used only infantry to attack the tough. . This gave the officers and soldiers of the 524 regiment a chance to meet the enemy hand-to-hand, and achieved the effect of the National Government propagating China's enthusiasm for the war of resistance. It also gave the foreigners in the concession the possibility to observe the battle from close range.
In October 1937, the Japanese soldier
(photo: Hyland "BUD" Lyon) who had attacked the wall of the four-row warehouse in October 1937 ▼
After a few days and nights of fighting, the concession began to feel a little nervous. They don't know if the Japanese army, which has been unable to attack for a long time, will become angry and bombard the warehouse at all costs, accidentally wounding the concession. At that time, there was a gas storage tank on the south bank of the Suzhou River. Once a gun fire hits the tank, the consequences would be disastrous.
Therefore, after watching the "performance" for several days, the impatient public concession garrison commander General Smalet finally came forward to mediate the peace, Ying 88th Division Deputy Commander Feng Shengfa, Chief of Staff Zhang Boxing (the officer who responded to He Xiangning in the film), Shanghai At the request of the City Garrison Commander Yang Hu, he contacted the Japanese commander of the Shanghai Dispatch Army Matsui Iwane, requesting that the four-line defenders be allowed to evacuate through the concession, and the British army would provide cover.
However, this agreement has not been completed in writing, it is just an oral gentleman's agreement. This turned the fate of the Four Lines Defenders after their retreat to the south by 180°.
The famous wall of eight hundred soldiers at the Shanghai Sixing Warehouse Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall
, but the 800-person statement is just to confuse the enemy
and the Japanese army who fought for 4 days and 4 nights. Actually, there were only more than 400 people
(Photo: Chen Ruoque/Picture Worm Creative )▼
At 2 o'clock in the morning on November 1, all the remnants of the defending army entered the concession, but the soldiers had not yetHow much rest time I got, I was told by the British army to hand in all weapons at 4 o'clock. At that time, many soldiers disagreed, saying that instead of handing over their weapons, it would be better to cross the river to charge. Commander Xie could not dissuade these excited soldiers.
finally came forward to persuade everyone that there must be a reason, and the British army will make a list, "take care of them", and then the soldiers handed over the weapons.
But Chief of Staff Zhang himself didn't know what was the "reason" behind this, and the British Army in the concession was even more eloquent. According to Zhang Boxing's recollection, the British people finally told the truth that the concession had received threats from the Japanese. If the four-row defenders crossed the border with arms, the Japanese would also pursue them with armed forces.
Those who are really on the front line not only have no right to choose
, but also have no right to know
(Photo: Duck Fairy/Picture Worm Creative) ▼
The officers and soldiers who were confiscated with weapons, no resistance, they were quickly caught up by the British army. After getting the car, it was sent to a vacant lot opposite No. 40, Singapore Road (now Yuyao Road) to "rest". There are only a few large and small tents on the open space, with barbed wire outside. The conditions are very simple, called temporary resettlement, which is actually a prison.
fought against the enemy for four days and was imprisoned for four years
For these passionate soldiers who are willing to die for the nation
every day being imprisoned here is a torture
(1937, soldiers from the solitary camp arrived in the concession)
(pictures) (Hyland "BUD" Lyon) ▼
And Xie Jinyuan himself was sent to this camp after taking a rest as an officer.
The soldiers who crawled out of the sea of blood on the mountain did not expect that they would be trapped in this camp for four years.
Daily life in the "solitary army camp"
After learning that the 524 regiment was under house arrest, the National Government has repeatedly notified the Public Concession Ministry of Industry (the highest administrative agency) to release people as soon as possible.
But at this time, the Shanghai area was basically controlled by the Japanese except for the concession, and the concession became a small island in the ocean in the Japanese-controlled area. These notes from the Chinese side are destined to be unanswered. The Ministry of Industry and Engineering, which was worried that Japan would retaliate, tried its best to delay things, but did not let go of the people. It only built 4 bungalows in the camp, which slightly improved the living conditions of the officers and soldiers.
At this time, Japan has not declared war with Western countries
, but Western countries do not want to provoke Japan
(photo: Wikipedia)▼
This camp was later called the "Lone Army Camp". This is a double-pointed name, which means that it is a solitary Songhu army stationed in it, and it also means that it is a Chinese military camp alone guarding Shanghai.
but the barbed wire was not removed, and the guards with live ammunition at the door did not leave. In order to avoid diplomatic troubles, the Bureau of the Ministry of Industry also sent a white Russian guard to guard the gate, and did not give the 524 regiment any chance to escape.
Schematic diagram of the solitary military camp
(Photo: NGCHIYUI / Figure Worm Creative) ▼
Knowing that the hopeless national government can only come up with traditional arts-promote the whole regiment to one level in the air and reward 3000 yuan. However, on the land of China, the "grace" from Nanjing is meaningless to these prisoners. The current situation at that time was so ironic.
For soldiers who are surrounded by enemies, what is the use of
as a reward?
(Honorary Certificate of War against Japanese Injury in the Defense of Four Lines Warehouse)
(Photo: Lao Shanhuo/Tuchong Genius)▼
However, the head of the regiment Xie Jinyuan knew that soldiers should not be idle, especially when these soldiers were still carrying the heavy responsibility of education in the War of Resistance. They need to maintain a good mental outlook and improve their own quality in order to set an example for the people in the war of resistance.
Therefore, even in this solitary barracks, the officers and soldiers still persist in exercises, training, and competitions, and even set up schools with outside support, including various cultural courses such as language, mathematics, history, music, sports, and driving, accounting and other skills training.
soldiers really used these skills in practice. Under the guidance of the textile master and the soap maker, they produced the Lone Army brand socks and soap, which can be used for sales if they are left over for their own use, which partially solved the problem of the Lone Army’s livelihood.
However, it is regrettable that there has been no national flag in the camp, and there is no way to hold a flag-raising ceremony, because the Ministry of Industry has always worried that the solitary behavior will anger Japan.
However, an army without a banner is an incomplete army, and it will make people gradually forget why they are fighting. This is extremely detrimental to army management. Therefore, when the Ministry of Industry and Technology refused to provide the national flag, they simply organized a "spiritual flag-raising ceremony", paying attention to the non-existent national flag before the parade, and singing the national anthem to boost morale.
In order to commemorate the "August 1st", negotiated with the public concession and hoped to hang the flag for three days. —October Xinhua Daily's continuous report on "Lone Army Raising the Flag")
(Photo: Sovereign Mei in Shanghai / Figure Worm Creative) ▼
Many citizens have witnessed all this, which makes the image of the Four March Defenders outside the battlefield. There is another layer of legend.
One year later, the Ministry of Industry and Engineering finally agreed to raise the flag. However, in order to prevent the Japanese from discovering it, the defenders were required to cut the flagpole by eight meters so that it was only flush with the cafeteria. But when the soldiers raised their flags, the Ministry of Industry and Engineering went back and sent the White Russian Guards to capture the flag, killing four flag bearers and wounding more than 100 people. The people in the concession were so angry that they finally forced the Ministry of Industry and Technology to compromise and allowed the lone army to raise the flag during the holidays.
veterans do not die
In March 1940, Japan supported the puppet government of Wang Jingwei to come to power in Nanjing and confronted the Chongqing National Government in the east and west of the Yangtze River.
Since then, Chen Gongbo served as the mayor of Shanghai's pseudo-government. But the second-ranked figure of the Wang puppet government is just an unpopular polished commander in Shanghai. In order to gain popularity in the new territory, Chen personally went to the solitary army camp, hoping that they would join the "curve to save the country" team and stand for the puppet government.
Chen Gongbo, Chen Duxiu and others formed the Guangzhou branch of the Communist Party of China
was also a representative of the Communist Party of China
, but later became a famous traitor
(In 1943, Chen Gongbo visited Japan, photo: wikipedia) ▼
z3 Xie Jinyuan's strict refusal. Head Xie, who blasted away Chen Gongbo, also knew that the external situation was deteriorating and he was afraid that he would die soon. He also wrote a will: "There is a death in life, and death at this time is the best thing in life."
His concerns unfortunately came true on April 24, 1941. During the morning exercises that day, the four soldiers carried daggers and pickaxes assaulted Xie Jinyuan, hitting his head in the head and causing him to die. They were seriously injured and rushed to intercept the logo of the regiment deputy chief.
did not sacrifice on the battlefield, but was killed by "owners"
(picture: wikipedia) ▼
They are the rapes bought by the puppet government.
After Xie Jinyuan's death, the lone army camp was led by Shangguan Zhibiao and the original machine gun company commander Lei Xiong, and continued to wait for his destiny to turn in Shanghai.
soon, The Pacific War broke out, Japan and the United States declared war, and the public concession was no longer a "neutral" place. Japanese troops who had been watching for a long time outside this isolated island poured into the concession and also took over the isolated army camp. The lone soldiers who have persisted for four years have become prisoners in the hands of the Japanese army this time.
Japan desperately attacked the United States
in order to keep the war running, hoping to destroy the Pacific Fleet and forcing the US peace talks, but failed
(the burning American warship in Pearl Harbor in 1941)
(photo: wikipedia)▼
For example, Lei Xiong and more than 80 brothers were sent to Yuxi Town, Hexian County, Anhui Province to transport coal. The work was extremely difficult and they were closely guarded by guards. However, they did not give up resistance. Instead, they used drunken cards to confuse the Japanese army. In fact, the three of them were a team to observe the situation of the sentry while they were working and letting out the wind.
was divided by the Japanese army to Nanjing to work as coolies. Many of them were still minors, but
had long been honed as real soldiers at the time of national survival.
two months later, under the leadership of Lei Xiong, this More than 80 people took advantage of the garrison’s unpreparedness to launch a surprise attack. At the cost of 33 casualties, they seized guns and ammunition from the garrison and broke through the encirclement. , Heading towards Laohekou, Hubei.
has reached this point, they still want to continue westward, hoping to return to Chongqing to report and continue to kill the enemy.
It's a pity that Lei Xiong couldn't afford to fall ill in Laohekou, and ultimately failed to fulfill his long-cherished wish. The remaining heroes met a military ship in Badong County and finally arrived in Chongqing.
In fact, compared to the soldiers who went to Chongqing, there is a more distant group of
(the following picture is only for illustration) ▼
The farthest group of soldiers was exiled to work on the island of New Guinea in the South Pacific. "Chinese Servicemen's Hardworking Team". Until August 1945, after Japan surrendered, these Chinese military personnel were discovered by Australian warships and returned to Shanghai via Hong Kong.
In 1945, Chinese soldiers from the Lonely Barracks were rescued by the Allies in Australia.
At this time, many ancestors were forced to sleep in foreign land
(Photo: Australian War Memorial)▼
But the National Government at that time was already fighting these in the Anti-Japanese War The bloody and sweaty veterans no longer take it seriously. Many strong men who returned to the state-controlled area after nine deaths were thrown into the disabled servicemen's office or the Les Invalides, waiting to be dismissed.
Their battle of defense has never happened.
In 1947, the Shanghai Municipal Government announced a renaming message, renamed Manzhou Road in Zhabei District to Jinyuan Road in memory of General Xie Jinyuan who fought bravely here (Xie was posthumously awarded the rank of major general after his sacrifice).
between Jinyuan Road, Guoqing Road, Guangfu Road, and North Tibet Road
(picture: google map) ▼
This road is still there today, and it is a quadrilateral area doubled by Guoqing Road, Guangfu Road, and North Tibet Road. It also restored the appearance of the four-line warehouse during the War of Resistance Against Japan, and used a broken body to tell the tourists on both sides of the Suzhou River the story that happened in 1937.
The story that Chinese people should never forget in their lifetime.
(Picture: Boiler Rabbit / Figure Worm Creative) ▼
Reference:
Hu Haolei. The legend and truth of the four lone army[D]. Shanghai Normal University, 2015.
Liu Ping, HuYulong. Eight Hundred Heroes Fighting Against Japan and Mongolia[J]. The History of the Party: Theoretical Edition, 1997 (7): 22-24.
Deng Yanming. Hubei Heroes in the Four Lines Warehouse[J]. Hubei Archives, 2015 (8) : 4-14.
deep blue. Why did the "eight hundred warriors" fail to withdraw from Shanghai[J]. Wenshi Monthly, 2011 (2): 15-16.
Zhang Blade. The feat and ending of the "four-line warriors"[J] ]. Union Information, 2016 (26): 17-18.
*The content of this article is provided by the author and does not represent the position of the Earth Knowledge Bureau
Cover image: Carina_Wang / Figure worm creative
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