Agricultural technologies such as water and fertilizer integration and three-dimensional planting have freed agriculture from the constraints of relying on the weather, and also made urban agriculture more diverse. Vegetable planting machines have entered citizens' homes, tomato factories have realized flow operations, and fruits and vegetables have not been replaced. As before, it can only be planted in the ground... Recently, the reporter visited the science and technology ecological farm in Beijing and learned that agricultural technology is changing and enriching urban agriculture in Beijing, and even showing a trend of "going upstairs". Ecological farms are gradually It has become a new form of scientific and technological agriculture in Beijing. A farm manager told reporters that modern planting technology is changing traditional agriculture. Current planting technology has made high-rise planting possible. Urban agriculture is becoming more and more technologically advanced, and more young people are participating in agriculture.
Highlights 1
Tomatoes don’t grow in the soil
Near the North Fifth Ring Road, as one of the first batch of urban agriculture projects in Beijing, the long-established Chaolai Agricultural Garden has gradually become a new star in smart farms. In the park’s smart multi-span greenhouses, strawberries and tomatoes are ripening. Listed.
In the Chaolai Agricultural Garden, the strawberries are about to mature. Photographed by Beijing News reporter Geng Ziye
Tomato seedlings hang in mid-air, separated from the land on which the plants depend, and grow on the substrate of the planting frame. Zhou Jingdong, the person in charge of Chaolai Agricultural Park, said that the entire growth process of tomatoes in the greenhouse has been digitally managed. Only manual operations are required in the steps of panning, pruning and harvesting. This 18-acre tomato greenhouse only requires manual operations throughout the entire process. Requires 7 people to manage. During the current tomato harvesting period, workers only need to drive the harvesting truck on the track between the planting racks and control the lifting and lowering of the harvesting truck to harvest tomatoes of different heights.
On the digital agricultural management platform of Chaolai Agricultural Park, the daily work tasks of the workers are posted. You can see on the big screen that employee Sang Lina is responsible for clamping and winding the seedlings, and reminds her that she needs to disinfect her whole body before working, and that she needs to pay attention when operating. Wrap the rope half a circle around each section, and place the clip 10 to 15 cm away from the plane of the substrate bag. Do not force the rope around the seedlings to break the growth point.
"The night before, the administrator will announce the workers' tasks for the next day through their mobile phones." Zhou Jingdong said that this equipment is made in China and is unique to the park. Workers can directly carry out their daily tasks when they come that day. .
In addition to the daily tasks of workers, this platform also links the greenhouse. When the temperature, humidity, light and other planting conditions in the greenhouse reach a certain value, the greenhouse equipment can be started. When the temperature and humidity reach the set level, the skylight will automatically open. Provide ventilation; once it encounters continuous cloudy days, the fill light will automatically turn on to supplement the light needed for vegetable growth; the greenhouse is equipped with a double-layer curtain, which can automatically adjust and insulate the greenhouse in the event of extreme weather.
"Because of this, the staff in the park are generally getting younger." Zhou Jingdong said that most of the employees in the park are graduates of colleges and universities majoring in agriculture. After working here for a few years, they can work in other parks. management.
Highlights 2
Vegetable planters for four-season cultivation
In the Chaolai Agricultural Garden, the leafy vegetables from multiple vegetable planters are about to mature. It seems that the three-dimensional equipment, which is more than one and a half meters high and half a meter wide, is divided into multiple planting layers, which can grow small leafy vegetables and flowers and support growth all year round.
Chaolai Agricultural Garden, the leafy vegetables of the vegetable planter are about to mature. Photographed by Beijing News reporter Geng Ziye
"As long as it regularly replenishes light and nutrient solution, such equipment can produce fresh vegetables all year round. At present, the type of this type of vegetable planting machine is relatively single. In the future, we plan to cooperate with R&D units to design some different models. equipment to meet the various needs of citizens for planting at home." Zhou Jingdong introduced.
Although the vegetable planting machine is small in size, the light and water needed for vegetable growth are all available in the equipment. At the bottom of the vegetable planting machine is a large water tank that supplies the nutrients needed for vegetable growth. The planting machine is also equipped with a fill light to supplement the light needed for plant growth. The nutrient solution in the bottom layer is prepared and divided into A fertilizer and B fertilizer. The nutrient solution is pumped to the upper layer through a water pump and then sprayed onto the vegetables to ensure that each vegetable can absorb nutrients.
This device can be placed in the dining room, kitchen, balcony and other places at home. It only needs to be plugged in to start planting. Zhou Jingdong said that a piece of equipment like this sells for 4,680 yuan. The amount of nutrient solution required for growing vegetables is not much. Two bottles can be used for a year. Vegetable planting machines have been welcomed by schools and families, especially when schools conduct popular science demonstrations for children, and students can see the entire growing process of vegetables.
Highlights 3
A farm that looks like a factory Factory
In the high-tech Haidian District, there is a farm that does not look like a farm. In winter in Beijing, the outdoor temperature has dropped below zero degrees Celsius, but the greenhouse is still full of greenery. Enter the Cuihu Factory near Cuihu National Urban Wetland Park in Shangzhuang Town. Modern factory buildings stand tall and are surrounded by grass. Following the signs on the roadside, you can enter a futuristic, super-large smart greenhouse.
There are many modern factories in Cuihu Factory. Photographed by Beijing News reporter Geng Ziye
In this smart greenhouse of 100,000 square meters, tomato vines grow on a planting platform as high as half a person and on a substrate suitable for tomato growth made of coconut bran and other proportions. The hanging bunches of tomatoes are turning red and yellow. Between the rows of tomatoes, workers ride on lift trucks and work between the tomato racks.
Currently, the single smart greenhouse put into operation by Cuihu Factory is the largest single multi-span greenhouse for vegetable production in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and it is also the first pilot project of high-efficiency facilities in Beijing. Unlike traditional tomato production, there are not many farmers required here. From planting to packaging, tomatoes are produced in a streamlined manner.
"What Cuihu Factory does is high-tech integration and demonstration of facility agriculture, taking advantage of the high input and high output of multi-span greenhouses to improve the output rate of the land. The tomato output rate per unit area is 3 times that of ordinary facility greenhouses. More than times." The person in charge of Cuihu Factory told reporters that one worker in the multi-span greenhouse can manage more than 3 acres of land, and the control of ambient temperature and humidity, as well as the management of water and fertilizer, can be intelligently managed through the digital platform. At the beginning of the construction of
, the greenhouse took into account the scientific research results of domestic universities and research institutes, and the localization rate of the equipment reached 80%. Sensors are installed in the greenhouse to monitor production status at all times, including temperature and humidity, ventilation, and lighting conditions for tomato growth. Among them, the top of the greenhouse is designed with two layers of curtains. One layer is a thermal insulation curtain. When the indoor temperature reaches the set parameters, this layer of curtain will automatically open to achieve the thermal insulation effect; the other layer is a blackout curtain. In summer, When the sunshine is strong and the set parameters are exceeded in the greenhouse, the shading will be automatically turned on. Tomatoes in the greenhouse use technologies such as drone pollination, natural enemy control, and physical control. In order to ensure the production conditions of tomatoes, no one except workers is allowed to enter the production area of the greenhouse.
In the workshop of the factory, the nutrient solution required for 100,000 square meters of tomato cultivation is concentrated in several giant tanks, and the nutrient solution is transported to the roots of each tomato through pipelines. "These integrated water and fertilizer equipment are all domestically produced equipment, and the nutrient solutions and formulas used are developed and proportioned by ourselves." Cuihu factory staff told reporters that through scientific and intelligent planting methods, tomato planting breaks the restrictions of seasons. , can achieve year-round supply.
Highlights 4
The world's leading "vegetable factory"
At present, the main varieties grown in Cuihu factory are Cuihu No. 1, which is a variety introduced by the factory from abroad. It is named Cuihu No. 1. This variety tastes sweet. Crisp and delicious, each piece bursts with juice. In particular, tomatoes from Green Lake Factory are sold in bunches, so the price of tomatoes is higher than ordinary tomatoes. Cuihu Factory has more than 20 supplier channels and is simultaneously expanding supermarkets and online sales channels.
Tomatoes grown three-dimensionally in Cuihu Factory. Photographed by Beijing News reporter Geng Ziye
"This year is the first time Cuihu Factory has achieved full-year production, with an average output of 300 yuan per square meter. Subtracting input, it can earn 100 yuan per square meter. It is expected that Cuihu Factory can earn 100 yuan per square meter throughout the year." Achieve a profit of 10 million yuan." The relevant person in charge of Cuihu Factory introduced.
Cuihu factory covers a total area of nearly 900 acres. Currently, the second phase is under construction. The overall structure of the second phase is different from the first phase. It has a semi-enclosed greenhouse, which will be mainly used for over-summer production. It also has a dedicated greenhouse for variety promotion. On display is a 9,600-square-meter greenhouse, in addition to ordinary greenhouses, which have richer structural functions. After completion, the park will have 200,000 square meters of intelligent multi-span greenhouses and a research and development innovation base, and the overall vegetable production level will reach the world's leading level.
It is worth noting that Beijing Chaolai Agricultural Park and Cuihu Factory are Beijing municipal ecological farms. They participated in the selection of national ecological farms this year and were selected into the list of proposed awards announced on December 18. Soon after, the new The results of the annual national ecological farm selection will be announced soon.
Beijing News reporter Geng Ziye
editor Zhang Shujing proofreader Fu Chunmin
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