Changsha Evening News, January 29 (All Media Reporter Ren Bo) Hunan’s annual archaeological “report card” has been released. The 2023 Hunan Archaeological Reporting Conference was held consecutively on the 28th and 29th. At the meeting, the archaeological achievements reported by Changsha were very dazzling: Shang and Zhou relics were newly discovered at the Beijincheng (Three Stone Guards) site in Yuelu District, and ten pre-Qin sites were newly discovered at Tuantou Lake in Wangcheng District. Ruins of the Warring States Period were discovered in Xiangjiazhou, Ningxiang. Ruins of the Bixiang Palace of the Five Dynasties of the Ma Chu Dynasty were excavated in the south of Bixiang Street in Tianxin District. Relics from the Warring States to the Northern Song Dynasty were discovered at the Chaoyang Lane site in Tianxin District, as well as about 200 fragments of Qin and Han Dynasty slips. There are 71 ancient tombs in Xiaolinzichong in Yuhua District from the Warring States Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The archaeological exploration and excavation of the ruins and unearthed artifacts have made the image of Changsha a famous historical and cultural city more three-dimensional, and the archaeological story of Changsha has become more and more exciting.
The Warring States Period on the banks of the Weishui River is very "pottery"
From August to the end of October 2023, the Changsha Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology conducted an archaeological survey of parts of the Beijin City (Sanshi garrison) site and found that there are Shang and Zhou Dynasties distributed in many places in the city. Relics from the Western Han Dynasty include pottery sherds with sand-covered gezu, cloud and thunder patterns, and zigzag patterns from the Shang and Zhou dynasties; clay cord-patterned pottery sherds and checkered hard pottery sherds from the Western Han Dynasty.
New discoveries were also announced at the Xiangjiazhou Warring States Period archaeological site in Laoliangcang Town, Ningxiang City.
Cao Dongyang, the leader of the Xiangjiazhou Archaeological Project, introduced that after more than three months of archaeological excavation, a total of 102 relics of various types were cleared, including 56 ash pits, 26 wells, and 9 ditches (3 ash ditches, building foundation trenches 6), 10 house sites and 1 pottery kiln. A large number of artifacts have been unearthed, including pottery, bronze, iron, stone, wooden components, etc. The unearthed artifacts are mainly pottery and can be divided into daily utensils, building materials and production tools according to their functions. Among them, domestic utensils mainly include pots, bowls, beans, pots, basins, bowls, etc. The texture is mainly sand-filled pottery, and also includes a small amount of clay pottery and printed hard pottery. The building materials include slabs, tube tiles, etc., and the production tools are Pottery spinning wheel. Bronze wares include arrowheads, scrapers, belt hooks, etc. Iron tools include adzes, axes, adzes, cymbals, etc. Stone tools include axes, adzes, arrowheads, and sharpening stones.
Cao Dongyang concluded that the Ningxiang Old Granary Xiangjiazhou Site is a large-scale settlement site with a simple era and rich relic types and accumulation inclusions. The relics unearthed here have typical Chu cultural characteristics, and a small amount of Yue cultural elements coexist. Based on the typical characteristics of pottery that have been excavated and cleaned, it can be inferred that the main body of this site is in the middle and late Warring States Period.
To a certain extent, the discovery and excavation of the Xiangjiazhou site has filled the missing links and blanks in Chu cultural residence materials in the Wei River Basin and even in the Changsha area. It is of great significance for understanding the cultural characteristics of the residences in the middle and late Warring States periods in the Changsha area, and has improved the Chu culture in the Wei River Basin and Changsha area. The missing link in the cultural sequence of the pre-Qin period in the water basin.
The ancient city of Changsha also considered using space outside the city
At the archaeological report meeting, the Changsha Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology announced the discovery of the Bixiang Palace ruins of the Five Dynasties Ma Chu Dynasty in the south of Bixiang Street.
Wang Chuanming, the leader of the archaeological project, told reporters that the excavation work has discovered more than 100 relics of various types, including tombs, ash pits, ditches, wells, house sites, roads, pillar holes, etc., and more than 190 artifacts, ceramics, etc. have been unearthed. More than 90 bags of tablets.
Wang Chuanming said that the archaeological excavation area has a thick cultural accumulation, complex relic phenomena, rich unearthed relics, and a long epoch span, including the Western Han Dynasty, Southern Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties, Northern Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. remains. During the Five Dynasties, the ancients built the historically famous Bixiang Palace. On its south side is the Tianfu Palace built during the Republic of China, which may indicate that this large building may be the Tianfu Palace.
The discovery and cleaning of the Bixiang Street ruins from the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties have provided people with an understanding of the use of the space outside Changsha by the ancients from the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as the transformation of the area's functions, especially the construction and construction of Bixiang Palace from the Five Dynasties to the Southern Song Dynasty. The continued use and the location changes of Tianfu Palace from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China provide archaeological evidence.
Traveling back to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, you can also go to "Jiefang West" to dance disco
At the archaeological site of Chaoyang Lane on Jiefang West Road, archaeologists unearthed about 200 fragments of slips from the late Qin and early Han dynasties from an ancient well of the Qin and Han Dynasties. Relics such as the rammed earth building foundations of the Han Dynasty, large wooden ditches at the end of the Five Dynasties, and a large number of precious cultural relic specimens were also unearthed. In an ancient well of the Song Dynasty, unique and well-preserved copper kettles and other bronze utensils from the Song and Yuan Dynasties were unearthed, recreating the During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, singing and dancing and entertainment flourished along Jiefang West Road in Changsha.
Xia Xiaoxiao, the person in charge of the site, said that the Qin and Han Dynasty bamboo slips discovered this time can be identified from the characters with obvious historical ink marks in seal script and official script, including the "Thirty-one" and "Thirty-two Years" of Qin Shihuang and the "Cang Cang". Official positions such as "Wu Shou" were obviously government archive documents at that time. Among the hundreds of Qin and Han Dynasty bamboo slips, there is a broken slip that clearly shows the six-character slip "Changsha Hu Yi received it" written in Han official calligraphy.
Xia Xiaoxiao introduced that the Chaoyang Lane archaeological site has successively discovered many large-scale building foundations from the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, wooden culvert ruins, and rammed earth foundations of buildings in the Han Dynasty. What is worthy of attention is that the five-dynasty large wooden culvert with Changsha characteristics discovered on the west side of the construction site is exactly the same as the large wooden culvert from the Southern Song Dynasty discovered at the Pozi Street archaeological site in 2004, indicating that this type of The building existed as a large-scale water conservancy facility in the ancient city of Changsha from the end of the Five Dynasties to the Southern Song Dynasty. It witnessed the unified planning and prosperity of Changsha during that period and left precious empirical materials for the construction history of ancient Changsha.
In addition to continuing to clear out the stone balls fired by the Yuan army when they attacked Changsha City in the Southern Song Dynasty, the archaeological work in 2023 also discovered a large number of important cultural relics such as pottery, porcelain, and bronzeware from the Warring States Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. What deserves more attention is that large wooden ditches with Changsha characteristics from the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty were discovered to the west of the construction site, which left precious empirical materials for the construction history of ancient Changsha City.
