's recent excellent film and television dramas are still emerging in an endless stream. " Tang Dynasty Strange Stories " and "Kunlun Shrine", compared with the past cookie-cutter fairytales, these two dramas are worth watching.
I watched "Story of the Tang Dynasty" and learned Tang Dynasty 's little historical knowledge. Many official names appeared in it. The events of the protagonist group in Chang'an period will not be mentioned for the time being. Knowing the official names of the governor, Sima, joining the army, county magistrate, county magistrate, county lieutenant, etc., what are their respective officials? Let's find out.
County magistrate
- magistrate:
Among these official names, the best understanding is magistrate .
The magistrate of Yuan in the "Story of the Tang Dynasty"
The magistrate from ancient times to the present should have only one meaning, that is, the magistrate, and no matter which dynasty, there is a magistrate. The lowest level of local officials today.
The county magistrate originated in the Warring States period era. After Qin Shihuang unified the world, the county system was fully implemented across the country. Appointed by the imperial court, this official name has been used from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
The magistrate we saw in the film and television drama is also another name for the magistrate. In the Song Dynasty, the magistrates of ordinary counties were magistrates, and the magistrates of major counties were appointed by the imperial court to serve as magistrates, called magistrates, referred to as magistrates, and had a higher status than ordinary magistrates. In the later period, the magistrates set up with more and more , gradually replacing the county magistrate. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, it became the exclusive title of the county-level magistrate.
- County magistrate:
"The Qin and Han Dynasties set up magistrates in various counties, to assist the commander, and successive generations." Used to assist the county magistrate, the main responsibility is paperwork. In present words, it is the deputy county magistrate, the second in command.
- County Lieutenant:
County Lieutenant, mainly responsible for the security of a county and catching thieves. In the play, we also see that the protagonist first served as the county magistrate of Chang'an, and was responsible for solving the case and catching the murderer. Later, when Lu Lingfeng was the county magistrate of Orange County, he was also responsible for solving the case. Where there is a murder case, the county magistrate needs to be dispatched.
State level
County system is a local bureaucratic system in Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui Dynasty Kaihuang three years (AD 583), Emperor Wen of Sui changed county to state, leading county to state, replaced by state and county system The county system is . In the Tang Dynasty, the prefecture-county system was used.
The state is the upper level of the county, and the state is equivalent to the current province or city. In the play, the protagonist was transferred from Chang'an County Lieutenant to the state as Sima. On the surface, he was promoted. However, Chang'an County Lieutenant is not an ordinary county official. It is equivalent to the current municipality. Did not drop.
- Inspector:
In the play, the Inspector is the chief executive of a state, equivalent to Governor , but in fact, the origin and later development of the Inspector are more complicated.
The background in the play is Tang Ruizong Jingyun years, before the outbreak of Anshi Rebellion , the Tang Dynasty's vassal situation has not yet formed, so the prefect at this time is the local leader, and it is relatively easy to understand this official position.
are Sima, Joining the Army, Inspector General, Long Shi
Inspector, originating from the Qin Dynasty. In the Qin system, each county set up a censor, mainly to supervise and supervise. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty abolished the censors, divided thirteen states, and set up a censor. At this time, the censors were still censors and did not have the meaning of chief executive.
In the late period of the Western Han Dynasty, the governor was changed to the state shepherd, and the powers were expanded. was changed from the inspector to the local military administrator. In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", we can see that the places where seceded according to the power, most of them were state governors. .
In the Han Dynasty
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the provincial governor no longer had the responsibility of supervision.
Under the county system, the highest chief executive of a county is the prefect, Emperor Wen of Sui changed the county to the state, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty changed the state to the county, and the governor was changed to the prefect. Change the prefect to the prefect.
Therefore, the prefect of a prefecture in the "Story of Tang Dynasty" is the prefect of a county in the Qin and Han dynasties, and is the state's top executive , which is equivalent to the current provincial governor.
Tang Dynasty Prefecture
During the Tang Dynasty, there were a lot of state-level administrative units, which made it difficult for the central government to rule directly. Therefore, on the basis of the prefecture-county system, a Tao-level administrative division was set up.
In the first year of Zhenguan, there were 10 divisions. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan, the world was divided into 15 divisions. During the Anshi Rebellion, the vassal towns had a lot of autonomy. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, the vassal towns were divided into . .
Tang Dynasty Dao-level administrative divisions
Sima:
Sima will appear in many dynasties. The Sima in the Tang Dynasty is very different from the Sima in the Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, a county had a prefect and a Sima. The background in the
drama is the period of Tang Ruizong, which belongs to the early Tang Dynasty.
Sima is the assistant official of a state. Sima and Chang Shi are collectively referred to as "Shang Zong" . Whenever the governor is absent, Shang Zong can act on behalf of the state. In the latest plot of , after the protagonist arrives at Renning Lake Sima, the governor is assassinated, and Gu Changshi can temporarily act as the governor.
Sima has no specific position, and he is not practical. He mainly assists the governor. He can do whatever the governor asks him to do. The protagonist of
worked as a county magistrate, worked as a Sima, and now he has a long history at Luoyang , but he does not hold a full-time job.
- joined the army:
In the state, in addition to the governor and Sima, there are also several joining the army, such as the judicial army and the Sicang army.
Join the army, that is, join the military. This is the name of the staff military affairs, which is equivalent to a consultant.
In the Jin Dynasty, it was set up to join the army, In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, , it was called joining the army and joining the military, In the Northern Qi Dynasty, , the provincial governors included Lu Shi, Gong Cao, Cang Cao, Zhongbing, etc. to join the army. The original state can participate in the military as the secretary, and in the Tang Dynasty, the state participated in the military again.
Joining the army, like Sima, is an assistant. In the early Tang Dynasty in the play, the highest chief executive of a state was the governor, and his subordinates included Changshi, Sima, the judge and the army. It means to do things, the governor issues orders, you go to implement them. So in the play, the prefects in it seem to be very idle, and all the work is the following Sima and join the army.
Judicial participation in the military, that is, judicial participation in the military, the two Han counties have Judgment Cao and thief Cao Rong, who are in charge of criminal law. During the Tang Dynasty, there were judicial officers in the prefectures and military officers in the county.military. In the play, Lu Lingfeng arrived in Nanzhou and was appointed as a temporary judicial member of the army, which is responsible for catching thieves.
The murderer Zeng Sanyi in "The Case of the God of Tuo" is a state Sicang who joined the army. His officials are not small, they are all provincial officials. They are ugly and have physical defects. They can still be provincial officials, don't know foot. In the Tang Dynasty, officials would look at their appearance, and they said that they would not look at their appearance now. At least their appearance was standard.
All high-sounding reasons are not excuses for violating crimes. The so-called injustices and grievances suffered are actually just excuses for whitewashing evil deeds.
"Story of Tang Dynasty" Sicang joined the army Zeng Sanyi
Watching "Story of Tang Dynasty", you can not only understand the background of the court in this period, but also learn about the local bureaucracy in the early Tang Dynasty. , and learned a little historical knowledge, it is worth seeing.
