Recently, the online variety show "Tucao Conference", with the slogan "Tucao is a craft, laughter requires courage", coupled with the great help of various big guys, quickly spread. In public, he complained about Li Xiang's obesity, treated his daughter extravagantly, and had a soft meal for her husband, complained about Cao Yunjin's discord between teachers and students, and Tang Guoqiang's various endorsements are really enjoyable and refreshing.
However, the word "Tucao" frequently appeared in the program, about ten years ago, hardly many Chinese would use it. What kind of development history did such a word that has recently spread in society? Where did it come from, and how did it spread? What other interesting books about "Tucao"?
"Tucao" from Japan,
Tucao was first seen in the Hokkien dialect, "Tucao", "Tucao" has the meaning of exposing, and Tucao is the meaning of exposing one's shortcomings. Because it is a spoken dialect, words with similar pronunciations such as vomiting, vomiting, stinking, and stinking are often used to express meaning. However, due to the limitation of the area where Hokkien was spoken, "Tucao" had not yet spread throughout the country.
Tucao, which we are familiar with today, has more meaning from the word "突っ込み" in Japanese, which is used to express "sudden encounters" and "deeply inserted words", which means that a person can capture the words spoken by the other person Contradictions, and give rebuttals and criticisms. Mancai, a form of stage performance similar to cross talk, was initially popular in Japan, and was subsequently widely used in the creation of animation and TV variety shows, and began to spread widely in Japanese society. After Taiwanese translators integrated the original meaning of "Tucao" in Hokkien and Japanese "突っ込み" and translated them accordingly, the Tucao we have today was formed. In this process, words such as "culture", "democracy" and "politics" returned in Japanese at the beginning of the last century.
The Mancai performance
in Japanese variety shows specifically looks at "Mancai". It is actually similar to the traditional Chinese cross talk. It originated from the ancient Japanese New Year performances. It can be roughly divided into two roles, teasing and holding. One person is responsible for the more comical pretending to be stupid, which is similar to teasing; the other is more serious to find fault, pointing out the fallacy of the former, which is similar to holding up. This fancier is the "Tucao" person. There is a saying in Chinese cross talk: "Three points of teasing, seven points of praise", it can be seen that complaints are actually an important source of laughter. Like other traditional art, Mancai is now facing the fate of a dwindling audience. The audience is shrinking, performance venues are limited, and artists cannot get enough remuneration to be self-reliant, but "Tucao" is really hot everywhere. The popularity of
"Tucao",
Manga only took out "Tucao", but its real popularity lies in the two-dimensional culture of Japan. Since 2004, the classic hot-blooded boy manga "Gintama", which is as famous as "Naruto" and "One Piece", has been serialized on "Weekly Shonen Jump". The manga is also a master of the Tucao style. Almost every sentence can be used as a Japanese Tucao sentence, such as: "The so-called marriage is to keep the mistakes for a lifetime", "Good things do not happen continuously, but why bad things always continue", or "Stress is the cause of baldness, so please be careful not to stress too much, but this will easily accumulate stress, so in the final analysis we can't do anything."
"Gintama"
Tucao in the manga "Gintama" is Shimura Shinpachi, who is based on the image of Japanese comedian Ken Shimura and Nagura Shinpachi in the Edo period. In the comics, Shimura Shinpachi uses word games such as homonyms and typos to substitute the perspective of ordinary viewers, complaining about the unreasonable settings of other characters in the comics or the plot of the story; sometimes they also use relevant knowledge to create language contradictions. Shinpachi finally won the audience's love with his spicy Tucao skills, which is probably inseparable from his "ordinary audience" perspective. Tucao is a ridicule and humiliation if it comes from a high-ranking person, and there is a huge difference in status from the person who is complained.
's Tucao responsibility in "Gintama"——Shimura Shinpachi
Japanese "Tucao" is not only the naughty of a passionate boy, but also a reflection and perception of life. These insights are transformed into laughable words. "Spark", which won the 153rd Akutagawa Ryunosuke Award, is the best explanation of the word "Tucao". The novel tells the story of the artist Tokunaga, who aspired to become a man talented artist since he was a child. On the road to bring joy to others, he came across the senior man talent artist Saizo Kamiya, and worshipped him as a teacher. In the process of pursuing their dreams, they encouraged each other, but finally failed . Although this is a novel with Mancai as its theme, its essence is about dreams and real life experiences.All kinds of slots often bring tears in laughter. Tucao here is not just superficial funny, but also contains deep self-deprecating and reflection on reality.
"Chinese-style" Tucao
"Tucao" entered into mainland China through Taiwanese translation can be circulated in the general public, thanks to Weibo. Weibo provides a powerful dissemination effect for short and humorous complaints. As the "paragraphs" are flying around, it is the word "Tucao". In 2014, "Tucao" was included in the new version of "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary", marking the official honor of the "Town of Days". The emergence of the vocabulary
actually accommodates some of the original Chinese cultural phenomena. The predecessor of Chinese cross talk, Mr. Hou Baolin, once mentioned in the general theory of the book "Trace to the Source of Cross Talk": "Cross talk uses laughter as a weapon to expose contradictions. In other words, the art of cross talk has the specialty of humor and satire. The satirical laughter is by no means frivolous and superficial, but uses laughter as a weapon to scorn the reactionary ruling class, and laugh as a means of criticism and criticism. Correct your own shortcomings and mistakes.” From this text, we will find that cross talk satire has actually been included in the meaning of the word "Tucao" in the new era, or that they all have similarities, that is, one person can discover , Put forward the logical omissions and fallacies of the event, or use a wider range of knowledge to evaluate the limitations in reality. From here, we can also find that the "tucao" we are talking about today is indeed a "handsmanship", and superficial insults are far from the word "tucao".
At the same time, it is not only today that people like to see "Tucao" jokes, this craft has a long history, and there is a work that is worth reading: Canadian scholar Christopher Rea's "Theory of Humor-A New History of Laughter, Late" The Road to Humor in the Early Qing Dynasty, the book won the 2017 Levinson Book Award of the American Society for Asian Studies. In the book, the author explores the intricate connections between Chinese-style humor and political, cultural, and social processes, and reorganizes the Chinese people's understanding of the concepts of laughter, humor, and irony in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Today we often mention the painful side of China's modernization process after 1840, but overseas sinologists have captured the "interesting" side and displayed it to others.
