Recently, with the hot screening of the movie "Eight Hundred", the "Eight Hundred Warriors" who stick to the four-line warehouse have once again aroused people's attention and discussion. Some people at
said that they had never heard of the battle between the eight hundred heroes and the Four Line Warehouse before, and they knew it only after watching the movie. Some articles even claim that before the filming of "Yu Hundred", the crew interviewed more than 400 passers-by to see if they had heard of the War of Four Lines Warehouse. As a result, so many people, no one knew.
I strongly disagree with this statement. Why does
say that?
The content in the history textbooks of high school people's education edition
junior high school history test sites also have
because the War of the Four Elements Warehouse and the Eight Hundred Warriors appeared on the textbooks many years ago. At least in the history textbooks of junior and senior high schools. If you don't believe it, look for opportunities to look through these textbooks. Don't even mention it now, there must be this section in the textbook more than 10 years ago.
Why do some people say they have never heard of it? At least these people didn't read history textbooks seriously. Since you haven't even read such basic historical materials, can you still count on you to understand more detailed history?
As far as the history of the War of Resistance is concerned, I believe anyone who knows a little bit shouldn’t have heard of this battle and this group. After all, when talking about the Battle of Songhu, the most well-known ones are the Baoshan Defence Battle and the Four Line Warehouse Defence Battle.
Since these people say that they have never heard of it, then we can conclude that not only do they not go to school well, but they have not cared about the real history of the War of Resistance.
Please note that it is not that you have never heard of it, but the point is that you have never cared about it!
So, I have never heard of the Battle of the Four Lines Warehouse and the Eight Hundred Warriors. Don't blame anyone. First of all, I am too ignorant. This is a question that we must first explain before we start this article.
Moreover, we don’t know where the 400-odd passers-by interviewed by the crew of "Eight Hundred" before, are they all kindergarten children?
If you want to know that at random, half of these 400 people are men, right?
Of the 200 men, even if only one-twentieth are interested in military or history, there will always be 10, right? Isn't there one of these 10 people who haven't heard of the Four Line Warehouse and the Eight Hundred Warriors? Moreover, this was written into the textbook, it was still a test site, and one of the most famous battles and groups in the War of Resistance.
You have to say that there are not many people who know it. That makes sense, but no one knows it. Is it too small to underestimate the popularity of the 800 heroes and the historical feelings of the Chinese?
is therefore inferred from the objective situation that this statement is highly likely to be untrue. Of course, the announcements of film producers have always been fascinating, and this situation may not be a big deal.
Next, let's talk about the specific content.
Now people's understanding of the Eight Hundred Warriors mostly comes from the battle of the Four Lines Warehouse, especially the recent movie "Yabai" basically talks about this battle.
Regarding the discrepancies between the content of the film and the real history, many people have already talked about it recently, and it is very detailed, this author will not repeat it.
In this article, the author wants to emphasize one point:
The greatness of the eight hundred warriors is not only the four days of fighting in the Four Line Warehouse, but their indomitable and resistance in the following eight years is actually a more commendable chapter. The Battle of the Four Lines Warehouse was only the beginning, not the end, for the 800 warriors.
However, in reality, the tragedy of the 800 heroes caused by the weakness of the National Government and the appeasement of the concession powers, and the struggles of the national army in adversity were ignored by the public. This should not be the case. . Since
is talking about the group of eight hundred warriors, their previous resistance, midway humiliation, and subsequent struggles are one, and it is difficult to reflect the brilliance of this group by only telling part of it.
For example, many friends watch the movieAfter "Eight Hundred", the first feeling is moved, and then cry.
movies are movies. We will not say much. Many people now easily equate movies with real history, so they bring this feeling to the perception of the real group of 800 heroes.
But if you really talk about eight hundred heroes, then only this feeling is incomplete.
Actually, the group of eight hundred warriors should be like this (please note that we are talking about the eight hundred warriors, not the movie "Yaibai") :
admire
knowingly is a mortal mission (destined I didn’t expect to retreat to the concession later.) The unimportant Xie Jinyuan (attached to the lieutenant colonel of the Whampoa Phase IV) and a group of security guards as the main body of the 1st Battalion were in danger, and some companies had already withdrawn from other troops. After receiving the order, he resolutely entered the Four Lines Warehouse and was ready to sacrifice.
As we said in the previous article, the enthusiasm of the national army in the war of resistance in 1937 was very high, and it was not as weak to fight as in the middle and late stages of the war, and there were a large number of deserters. This was also the key to the fact that in the intense battle of the Songhu Battle, countless integrated units were able to persist even after suffering extremely heavy casualties.
Xie Jinyuan wrote after he was ordered: The determination to steal one's job and sacrifice, I will follow Jun's will and fight to the end. Before completing the task, never neglect. Become a benevolent success, plan to be familiar with . Prepared to die for the country.
Tenacious
Some people say that the 800 warriors in the four-row warehouse were the only troops still fighting in the Shanghai battlefield at the time. Some people say that hundreds of them covered the retreat of hundreds of thousands of troops. Others said that the 800 warriors fought dozens of troops. The offensive of the Ten Thousand Japanese Army.
These are actually grossly exaggerated claims, because at that time the Shanghai front-line national army only retreated to the Suzhou River Defense Line, and hundreds of thousands of national troops were still fighting; and it was impossible for such a large number of troops to transfer positions to be covered by hundreds of people. Moreover, their battle lines are not the same; as for the fact that hundreds of people fought against hundreds of thousands, it is not in line with historical facts. In fact, it was not the Japanese army but the 10th Group of the Shanghai Special Marine Corps that was fighting against the 800 warriors.
Putting aside these exaggerated claims, will it weaken the glory of the group of 800 strong men? Not really. On the contrary, excessive exaggeration will produce the same counter-effect as the anti-Japanese drama, and we do not need to do this.
At the time, it was a fact that the enemy was strong and we were weak, and the Four Line Warehouse was not as indestructible as some people said. If the Japanese army uses a lot of artillery, the casualties of the defenders will be very large.
Because this battle is very close to the concession, the Japanese army did not dare to use heavy firepower at will. However, in the four days of fierce battle between the two sides, the Japanese army did not make money (otherwise they would not put pressure on the concession). The battle is not as intense as in the movie, but the eight hundred defensive men can still be called tenacious.
Many people think that the war is worth writing only when it gets bigger and bigger. I don't agree with this point. Our war of resistance is made up of countless small battles, battles are made up of battles, and battles are made up of battles. Shouldn't these battles be ignored? Isn’t it worth writing about the Chinese soldiers who fought and died for? Obviously not.
And the battle of the eight hundred heroes in the Four Lines Warehouse was carried out under the high attention of the media. Although the battle on the Suzhou River on the Songhu front line was more intense at that time, the media could not see it and could not promote it well. During the four days when the 800 warriors fought with the Japanese army, the media really photographed and felt the Chinese soldiers' resistance. A large number of propaganda reports greatly encouraged the confidence of the Chinese people. This was an unexpected gain from the Battle of the Four Elements Warehouse.
Humiliation
After four days of fighting that was not particularly intense, the concession was under pressure from the Japanese, and the National Government was under pressure from the concession powers, forcing the 1st Battalion to withdraw into the concession.
On the issue of evacuation, Xie Jinyuan and other soldiers were unwilling to withdraw from the fight. According to Zhang Boxing, Chief of Staff of the 88th Division, Comrade Xie seemed extremely surprised and excited, saying that "all the strong men have already made a will to co-exist and die with the last position of the Four Elements, but it makes sense to die! But it makes sense to die! Please report to the Chief of Staff to the Chief of Staff, and ask the Chairman to fulfill us!
Zhang Boxing andFeng Shengfa, the deputy commander of the 88th Division, took turns to enlighten, and Xie Jinyuan, Shangguan Zhibiao, Yang Ruifu and others took turns, with a very firm attitude. In the end, Zhang Boxing strictly ordered the soldiers to obey the orders as their bounden duty, which made Xie Jinyuan agree to lead his troops to withdraw and plan to return from the concession area to Huxi.
However, the concession authorities changed their minds on the spot, not only detaining the evacuated 1st battalion officers and soldiers, but also disarming them.
For an army, the disarming of soldiers means a huge disgrace. Xie Jinyuan and other officers strongly disagree.
Zhang Boxing persuaded Xie Jinyuan that this is only a concession stipulation, to keep weapons on their behalf, not to disarm them. But in fact, this is not escrow at all, but a real disarm. The 1st Battalion’s hundreds of rifles, dozens of light and heavy machine guns, and 120,000 rounds of ammunition were all handed over, and their teeth were removed.
Five years later, when the New 38th Division retreated to India, the British not only had to disarm the Chinese army, but also took in as refugees. On the one hand, Sun Liren ordered the troops to prepare for war, and on the other hand, he argued hard on reason. Not only did the British dispel the idea of disarming, he also admired the new 38th Division that maintained the combat effectiveness of the integrated system.
Therefore, these veteran powers eat hard but not soft, and the 1937 national army obviously did not recognize this. More importantly, the senior officials of the state have only promised to the United Kingdom and the United States and other countries. The eight hundred strong men are not only military establishments, but they cannot accept orders. What is the equivalent of 120,000 bullets confiscated for
? Commander Xie Jinyuan later said:
I waited for four days and nights to defend Zhabei's four-line warehouse, and repelled six enemy attacks. Ammunition consumption is less than one-tenth. As for supplies, there is no risk of food shortages even though they have been maintained for three years.
It can be seen that the defenders made a lot of preparations to defend the four-row warehouse, and the ammunition was indeed quite sufficient.
At the same time, the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army in the North China battlefield had only 102,828 rounds of ammunition; while the entire division of the 36th Division, which was also in the Songhu War of Resistance, shot 2,083,749 bullets in 4 months. If the eight hundred strong men greet the Japanese with these 120,000 bullets, even if 1,000 bullets kill or injure a devil, they can kill most of the squadron.
However, the final battle that was prepared in the first place ended up being disarmed on the land of the country. This is not just a shame, but humiliation.
angry
The Chinese army fought the invaders on its own territory, but was disarmed by another army. The main reason why this Chinese army chose to fight in the Four Lines Warehouse was to win the support of the country that disarmed them. , How ironic is this?
and all the weapons and ammunition are paid. However, the concession did not let anyone go, which violated the original agreement reached between the concession and the government. To put it bluntly, it was the concession that put the national government together.
On November 3, Shanghai Mayor Yu Hongjun sent a letter to the Bureau of the Concession Industry Department:
checked that the relevant parties had agreed that they would be sent back within one or two days after they withdrew, and they would be sent to you by a special letter to ask your general director Dong Zhizhi to have all his officers and soldiers. Repatriate, and pray for a sense of return.
The result of the concession’s reply:
The Ministry of Industry did not know that there was an agreement. These soldiers entered the concession through the British Army’s defense line. Because the British Security Forces cannot be held responsible for this situation, at this critical juncture, the Ministry of Industry is for the common interests of many parties. , Had to take measures. Because these soldiers apparently actively sought refuge to enter the concession, and because they were part of the Chinese armed forces. I am sorry that the Ministry of Industry and Engineering cannot agree to your request.
shows that the concession did not take the National Government into consideration. They both denied the previous agreement to allow the evacuation of the 800 warriors, and denied that the 800 warriors were ordered to do so. While refusing to release people, the Concession Ministry of Industry and the Japanese were embarrassed and acted almost exactly in accordance with the requirements of the Japanese.
After they disarmed the eight hundred soldiers, they were transported by truck to a camp, surrounded by barbed wire fences and detained by Belarusian soldiers. The Chinese soldiers were not allowed to go out for activities. In fact, they were locked up in a concentration camp.
The move in the concession is not an accidental intention, as early as the eight hundred soldiers just enteredWhen entering the warehouse of the Four Lines, the concession ordered that the commander in charge of each section of is responsible for collecting the weapons of the Chinese soldiers and escorting them into the concentration camp. The irony is that in the previous battles, Japanese troops broke into the concession, not to mention the concession armed forces detained them, even the weapons did not dare to disarm.
This is the face of the so-called Western countries, and in order to gain their support, the Nationalist government has not only sacrificed an 800 heroes on the battlefield in Shanghai? And in the end, they dare not even give it back to hundreds of people, what can they expect (at the nine-nation convention meeting where Chiang Kai-shek had high hopes, no agreement on substantive sanctions on Japan and assistance to China was passed)?
From the humiliation and experience of eight hundred heroes to the double standards of the concession and the weakness of the National Government, any Chinese is probably not as simple as shed a few tears, but angry.
moved
The lone army camp of the eight hundred warriors in the concession is actually a concentration camp. They have no weapons here and cannot go out. Even the entry of the people of Shanghai's condolences has to be restricted in every way. Moreover, under the background of successive defeats and retreats of the national army, the national government even suspended the military expenditure of this lone army.
So the lone soldiers built their own houses with the materials provided by Shanghai citizens, and they barely maintained it with the donations of Shanghai's patriotic merchants and people.
Later, due to the great influence of the 800 warriors, the government resumed the distribution of military expenditures and entrusted the concession to provide food. However, due to poor nutrition, many soldiers fell ill and died. After fighting alone, they regained the right to buy food and the problem of food and clothing was truly resolved.
is in the lone army camp, and also has a public service and an lone army school. The Public Works Agency mainly uses raw materials provided by Shanghai patriotic merchants to produce soap, socks, towels, baskets, rattan chairs, etc.; the Lone Army School invites some college students to help officers and soldiers learn cultural knowledge.
At the same time, despite being trapped in a concentration camp, Xie Jinyuan led everyone to conduct training and organize various activities. Although they did not have guns, they were still soldiers.
According to military habits, Xie Jinyuan proposed to the concession to fly the national flag and hold a flag-raising ceremony and other activities. However, the concession was afraid of offending the Japanese, so it firmly disagreed, so the lone army could only raise the flag spiritually.
August 11 and August 13, 1938 are the first anniversary of the dispatch of troops to Shanghai and the anniversary of the August 13 Songhu Battle. The lone army requested that the flag be raised on that day.
After several negotiations, the concession finally agreed, but requested that the flagpole be shortened and not exceed the height of the house.
But on August 11th, the concession went back again. The captain of the Belarusian mercenary entered the venue and demanded that the flag be lowered immediately, but the lone army firmly disagreed.
then armed more than 1,000 people in the concession, attacking the unarmed lone army.
In this struggle, four soldiers including Liu Shangfang, You Changqing, Wu Zude, and Wang Wenyi died, and many others were injured. These soldiers did not fall on the battlefield against the Japanese, but died at the hands of the concession armed forces.
On September 14, 1940, due to the flag raising problem, the lone army clashed with the concession army again. The concession authorities used tap water and tear gas to disperse the soldiers and lower the national flag. On the anniversary of September 18th, the lone army and the people clashed with the Belarusian guards again. The Belarusian guards shot into the camp. The bullet hit He Yuxiang's head and then another soldier Gao Guangyun's leg, causing another incident. .
On the morning of April 24, 1941, when Xie Jinyuan led his troops out for an exercise, he found that 4 soldiers were late, so he was publicly reprimanded. Because Hao Dingcheng and other four people had been lured by the Japanese and the puppets, they suddenly attacked Xie Jinyuan and stabbed him on the head and chest with a short knife. Xie Jinyuan was seriously injured and died. The regiment attached to the official logo was also stabbed to the rescue.
During the four years of being under house arrest on the isolated island of Shanghai, Xie Jinyuan and You Changqing and other soldiers also sacrificed. They did not have guns, and even food and accommodation were a problem at one time, but apart from a few traitor scum, They are still soldiers.
Unyielding
During the four years in the solitary barracks, although the 800 soldiers were locked up in the concentration camps, they were still soft.They are not prisoners of war or prisoners in terms of their identity attributes. However, with the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese army invaded the Shanghai concession in December 1941, demanding that the concession hand over the personnel details of the solitary barracks and the list of various equipment and equipment in the camp.
On December 29, the Japanese army occupied the lone army camp, and the unarmed lone army became a prisoner of the Japanese army, including 26 officers and 307 soldiers. If
had known this ending, at the end of October 1937, I believe these soldiers would never lay down their weapons. At that time, they had guns and ammunition and they could still have a fight. Now, after four years of humiliation in the concession, they have become Japanese prisoners of war. The arrangement of their fate is really ironic.
After the Japanese army escorted away the lone army, they first let them do coolies in the Yuepu and Longhua areas. Later, the Wang puppet government discovered that the lone army had great propaganda value, so it was received in Nanjing in every possible way to attract them to the outside world.
Now there are a group of people who have traitor plots and traitor mentality. In addition to all kinds of flattery in real life, they are still constantly complaining about traitors and puppet soldiers in the Anti-Japanese War. They are forced to say that they are compelled to confuse themselves. Absurd words like eating.
In terms of the status of a lone army, as long as they are willing to take refuge in the Wang Puppet, it can be said that their living conditions can be hundreds of times better immediately. Some people are afraid of death and hunger. They think that when they reach this point, they should be traitors, but the real Chinese know what integrity is called, and these more than 300 lone soldiers are such Chinese.
Seeing that the win was unsuccessful, the Wang puppet government was furious and threw the lone army to the Laohuqiao Prison.
This is a hell on earth. Soldiers have been abused and tortured here. Deng Guiqing and others were beaten to death. After 12 lone soldiers failed to escape from prison, they were also stabbed to death with bayonets by Japanese soldiers. But despite this, the lone soldiers did not give in to the Japanese puppets. In order to break up the lone army,
also needed labor, so the lone army was sent to Yuxikou, Hangzhou, Xiaolingwei, Guanghuamen and other places to do coolies.
Tiger Bridge Prison
Leaving the prison For the lone army, he found a chance to escape from the clutches. The 25 people assigned to
in Shangrao, Jiangxi, successfully escaped under the leadership of the former battalion communications squad leader Liu Yiling, and then the lone soldiers used various opportunities to escape.
At the beginning of 1942, the soldier Yao Lianyu and two others escaped from Yuepu; the regiment attached Guan Zhibiao escaped during medical treatment in Wuxi, and later served as the local guerrilla captain.
In August 1942, 70 solitary soldiers were taken to the vicinity of Xiaolingwei in Nanjing to do coolies. They accidentally discovered that the grid was not powered. On November 6, Wan Lianqing and other 8 people successfully escaped. After arriving at Maoshan, these soldiers were helped by the New Fourth Army and finally arrived in Chongqing.
At the end of 1942, more than 100 lone soldiers were escorted to Yuxikou, Anhui. The soldiers learned that the guerrilla area of the New Fourth Army was on the mountain opposite Yuxikou, and they discussed a riot. One group is responsible for grabbing machine guns, one group is responsible for grabbing rifles, and one group is responsible for escape routes.
The day before the Spring Festival, the lone army found out that there were activities of the New Fourth Army on the mountain, and launched a riot. Eventually, the acting commander of the lone army, Lei Xiong and company commander Chen Risheng, successfully led 29 people to a station of the New Fourth Army. Some of the other soldiers escaped. Some were captured or killed by Japanese soldiers.
The New Fourth Army active in East China has many helmets and weapons abandoned by the national army when it flees.
The New Fourth Army entertains these soldiers with the best food and treats the wounded. At the same time, they expressed that they can stay if they want to stay, and those who want to leave. Send the toll to return home. In addition to a few soldiers willing to join the New Fourth Army, Lei Xiong and more than 20 people decided to go to Chongqing. Before leaving, the New Fourth Army gave each one a set of clothes, 500 yuan and road strips, and sent more than 30 soldiers to escort.
Lei Xiong died of scarlet fever when he was in Laohekou, Hubei. After arriving in Chongqing, Chen Risheng requested to re-enlist and restore the troop structure, but was rejected by the national army on the grounds that the number of troops was small, so Chen Risheng and others returned to their hometown.
In early February 1943, 28 lone soldiers from Nanjing Xiaolingwei successfully escaped under the leadership of Squad Leader Zhao. Some fighters also joined the local New Fourth Army guerrillas in Maoshan.
1945The lone army organized a collective escape in February of the year. Among them, 33 officers and soldiers including the guard squad leader Jing Kan were received by the New Fourth Army's guerrillas in southern Jiangsu, and then moved to Chongqing.
In addition to the above-mentioned large and small escapes, about 50 people were escorted to New Guinea in Southeast Asia to work as coolies. Before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, there were more than 80 orphans detained in the Tiger Bridge Prison.
Therefore, during the period from 1941 to 1945, the lone army still fought unyieldingly against the Japanese invaders. Some of them joined the National Army after escaping, and some joined the New Fourth Army and continued to resist Japan; because the national army did not accept some lone soldiers, So these people returned to their hometowns; the remaining lone soldiers were still held by the Japanese until the victory of the War of Resistance. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, most of the lone soldiers who had left the army gathered in Shanghai. The national army once called for 800 strong soldiers to join the army again, but they were rejected by the lone soldiers who recognized the reality.
Many of them were displaced, and some even became beggars. It was not until the widow of Commander Xie Jinyuan, Ling Weicheng, who came forward and called on all walks of life to pay attention to the survival of the strong men, and the living conditions of the lone soldiers were improved.
Conclusion
Therefore, looking at the entire history of the 800 warriors, in fact, we will find that the War of the Four Elements Warehouse is only the beginning of their war of resistance. This is neither the climax nor the end.
Although the fighting was not as fierce as in the movie "Yaobai" during the four days of fierce battle in the Four Lines Warehouse, in the following eight years, the resistance of these fighters was extremely cruel. But in such a harsh environment, they still persevered. I think the latter paragraph is more worth writing and praise.
Eight hundred heroes survivors and Xie Jinyuan martyr's widow Ling Weicheng
At the same time, many people praised the top officials of the government with the eight hundred heroes and smeared them. This should never be the case. The tragic experience of the 800 heroes was largely caused by the illusions of the high-level government and their insensitivity to the sacrifices of their subordinates. Even they did not pay much attention to the soldiers who later escaped from the Japanese army. Even in the end, most of the survivors of the 800 warriors were unwilling to serve the government.
The attitude of these fighters was always the same for the resistance against Japan; but for the government, there was such a huge contrast in their attitudes. And some people use the sacrifices of the heroes to smear the high-level officials of the government, which is not justified.
Therefore, if you want to truly understand and respect the 800 heroes, you must understand their more comprehensive experience. If you ignore the series of encounters and struggles behind the 800 heroes, and blindly wave the flag for the high-level officials of the government, then which group of high-level people do these people commemorate and admire? Or eight hundred strong men?
Finally, let me say one more thing, the 800 heroes not only exist in history textbooks.
In 2014, the Ministry of Civil Affairs announced the first batch of 300 famous anti-Japanese warriors and hero groups, among which 800 heroes such as Xie Jinyuan were among them. The country and people will never forget the true heroes of the War of Resistance. And no matter how you remind these people who are indifferent, there will be no hero position in their hearts.
