Edited by: Yang Huan
Picture source: PhotoNet_501605794
The Yellow River has once again been entrusted with important tasks.
A few days ago, a symposium on comprehensively promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was held in Lanzhou, Gansu. It has been five years since ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin were elevated to a major national strategy.
In the past few years, as the regional economy has been chasing each other, there have been many questions accompanying the Yellow River: Why is there the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, but not the "Yellow Triangle"? Why does the Yellow River not drive regional economic development like the Yangtze River? Why is there no city like Shanghai at the mouth of the Yellow River?
Zhengzhou in 2019, Jinan in 2021, Lanzhou in 2024... From the first symposium, it was proposed to "promote" ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin; to the second time, it was "in-depth promotion" of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Quality development, this year is to "comprehensively promote" ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.
Important deployments in seven aspects were proposed at this symposium. Regarding regional development,
is clear: "Strive to improve industrial technological innovation capabilities, promote energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation and equipment updating in key industries, and strengthen strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing clusters." , develop new productive forces according to local conditions";
"Build a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages, megacities should follow the path of connotative development, and urban agglomerations along the Yellow River should improve population agglomeration and industrial collaboration capabilities."
Under the important task. , who among the nine provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin can seize the opportunity? Who can take charge of development? Where is the direction of joint efforts to break out? How important is
?
The Yellow River is the mother river of China and an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Its symbolic meaning has already exceeded that of a geographical river.
On September 18, 2019, the first symposium on ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin clearly stated: "Protecting the Yellow River is a long-term plan related to the great rejuvenation and sustainable development of the Chinese nation."
"Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin "Quality development" has since been clarified as a major national strategy, alongside the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. Comparing the strategies of the other four major countries, they all have a strong overtone of “fighting for the economy.” Only the Yellow River Basin juxtaposes ecological protection with high-quality development, and prioritizes ecology.
This is determined by the characteristics of the Yellow River itself. Many problems such as mud and sand, river swings, and overhanging rivers have made the Yellow River one of the rivers with the highest sediment content, the most serious water damage, and the most difficult management in the world.
Image source: Photo Network 501363006
"Water security is the biggest 'grey rhinoceros' in the Yellow River Basin." At the first symposium held in Zhengzhou in 2019, four problems in the Yellow River Basin were pointed out straightforwardly: First, the risk of floods remains It is the biggest threat to the river basin; second, the ecological environment of the river basin is fragile; third, the water resources security situation is severe; fourth, the quality of development needs to be improved. The first three of
are all related to ecology, which is why "ecology" has become an important keyword.
The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological security barrier. To protect it does not mean not to develop it. Not only development, but also high-quality development. As Guangming Daily commented: High-level protection and high-quality development are not separate, but organically unified and mutually reinforcing. In fact, the "ecological aspect" of high-quality development and the "economic aspect" of high-level protection make the two complementary and complementary.
For example, in 2023, my country's energy consumption per unit of GDP will decrease by 0.5% year-on-year, but the GDP will increase by 5.2% year-on-year, reaching 126 trillion yuan, which is clear evidence.
From this perspective, the tasks in the Yellow River Basin are heavier and more difficult.
As one of the most densely populated areas in my country, it is also an important economic zone in my country. The Yellow River Basin contributes a quarter of the country's GDP. With one-fifth of the country's water resources, it supports the country's 63 % of primary energy production, while ensuring 35% of China’s grain and 32% of meat production.
In addition, the “Belt and Road” almost runs through the hinterland of the Yellow River Basin.
clearly stated in the "Vision and Actions to Promote the Joint Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road" released in 2015: Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai form channels, commerce, and trade for countries in Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. Logistics hub, important industry and cultural exchange base; Inner Mongolia is building an important window opening to Northeast Asia.
As the spatial carrier of the “Belt and Road Initiative”, the Yellow River Basin develops better, and the implementation of the “Belt and Road Initiative” will become smoother.
Who takes the lead?
At this symposium, it was proposed to "guide the coordinated development, intensive and compact layout of large, medium and small cities and small towns, enhance the county's industry and population carrying capacity, and reduce the carrying pressure of ecologically fragile areas." In the face of
opportunities, which cities can take the lead? In terms of actions, the most active cities are concentrated in Shandong and Henan provinces.
As early as 2017, the Jinan Municipal Government Work Report proposed that Quancheng should embrace the Yellow River, realize cross-strait interaction, develop across the river in the north, and promote Jinan from the "Daming Lake Era" to the "Yellow River Era".
In the "Action Outline for Zhengzhou's Construction of a National Central City (2017-2035)" announced by the Zhengzhou Municipal Government in February of the following year, it was also clearly stated that Zhengzhou should "connect to the north" and explore "crossing the Yellow River" to the north to develop in conjunction with the adjacent areas of Xinxiang , to speed up the integration process.
Not long ago, the draft of the "Jinan City Land and Space Short-Term Plan (2024-2030)" was publicly solicited for opinions. It stated that Jinan will promote regional opening up and coordination, strengthen the "one-line" transportation channel connection along the Yellow River, and build the Yellow River Basin important central city. Promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, develop new quality productive forces, and build an important economic growth pole in the northern region.
Although Qingdao is not a city along the Yellow River Basin in the geographical sense, it has also found its own coordinates in this major layout - "economic outlet". Sitting on a world-class port, Qingdao Port completed a total of 2.208 million TEUs in sea-rail combined transport in 2023, ranking first in the country's ports for nine consecutive years, including 2.048 million TEUs along the Yellow River and Jiujiu Provinces, accounting for 92.7%.
The "Qingdao City’s 2024 Work Points for Promoting Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin" issued this year details a "roadmap" for Qingdao to integrate into the major national strategies of the Yellow River - based on the best economic outlet of the Yellow River Basin. Strengthen the opening-up frontier, hub node, and portal connectivity functions, and strive to build the Yellow River Basin's open door to the outside world.
In January this year, the Shandong Port Supply Chain Comprehensive Service Promotion Conference was held in Xi'an and Taiyuan. Qingdao Port signed strategic cooperation agreements with Xi'an Free Trade Port and Shanxi Coking Coal Group to further introduce Qingdao's open resources as a gateway hub city into the hinterland of the Yellow River.
Image source: Photo Network 501564204
At present, with the deepening of urban agglomeration and urbanization, the utilization efficiency and comprehensive carrying capacity of urban elements will be further improved. Last year, Zhengzhou, Jinan, and Qingdao were all approved to build national-level metropolitan areas, which will further amplify the radiation capabilities of central cities and deepen all aspects of connections between central cities and surrounding small and medium-sized cities.
It is worth mentioning that this symposium also specifically mentioned that "megacities must take the road of connotative development." According to the seventh national census, there are 22 megacities in our country, including Xi'an and Qingdao along the Yellow River Basin. , Jinan and Zhengzhou. This also provides an action guide for the four cities to promote the transformation of urban development model from "speed growth" to "quality improvement".
At the same time, the symposium also proposed that the Yellow River Basin should "vigorously develop a green and low-carbon economy, orderly promote the planning and construction of large-scale wind power and photovoltaic bases and power transmission channels, and accelerate the replacement of clean energy in key industries."
Overall, the Yellow River Basin is green and clean. It is rich in energy and has national hub nodes in the computing power network such as Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Ningxia. With the explosive growth of generative artificial intelligence, the advantages of "new energy + computing power" in the Yellow River Basin are further highlighted, becoming an important factor in the development of artificial intelligence in the Yellow River Basin. The potential of new productive forces in the digital economy such as cloud computing and the industrial Internet lies.
Fill up shortcomings
An unavoidable fact is that no city in the Yellow River Basin has a GDP that ranks among the top ten in the country.
Looking back at the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Chengdu and Chongqing in the upper reaches, Wuhan in the middle reaches, and Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing in the lower reaches. A total of 7 cities are shortlisted for the top ten GDP in the country. Changsha, Hefei, Changzhou, and Wuxi have also entered the GDP trillion club. .
Factors such as geographical segmentation and the isolation of cities within the basin once affected the development of cities along the Yellow River and did not form an economic corridor. This is considered to be one of the reasons why the Yellow River Basin has mostly remained a geographical concept and has not formed an economic zone similar to the Yangtze River Basin.
In addition to the fact that the Yellow River itself does not have shipping conditions, the internal land transportation organization is not as smooth as that in the Yangtze River Basin. The Yellow River Basin lacks transportation corridors such as the Shanghai-Hancheng Railway, the Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway, and the Yangtze River High-speed Railway that connect major cities in the basin to the end.
At the "2024·Serving High-Quality Development Seminar in the Yellow River Basin" previously held by
, representatives from the nine provinces and regions along the Yellow River gathered in Jinan to promote the joint construction of the land-sea corridor along the Yellow River. The conference jointly launched an initiative, calling for giving full play to the role of modern logistics as a "rib", working together to build national and regional logistics hubs, and smoothing the land-sea linkage channels connecting Japan, South Korea, Europe, Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Picture source: Photo Network 500614677
The vision is gradually becoming a reality.
In December last year, as an important connection line of the national "Eight Vertical and Eight Horizontal" high-speed rail network and an important part of the Yellow Land-Sea Channel, the Jizheng High-speed Railway was put into operation, transforming the lower reaches of the Yellow River from a traditional administrative regional unit to a Yellow River ecological unit. The system is the core watershed unit.
If the Jizheng High-speed Railway is placed on a larger scale, it will also be the beginning of the collective development of cities along the Yellow River. After the opening of the Jizheng High-speed Railway, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Xining and other provincial capitals along the Yellow River will be connected in a line, forming a large east-west channel.
In July this year, the Rilan High-speed Railway was fully operational, and a new channel appeared along the Huangdahai Sea -
The eastern end of the Rilan High-speed Railway has rich marine resources and convenient seaport transportation conditions. It runs all the way from the eastern coast to the west, and exits the province in Heze It will then reach Lankao and connect with the Zhengzhou-Xu High-speed Railway, connecting Luoyang, Xi'an, Lanzhou and other cities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River through the Zhengzhou hub, forming a new "one-line" high-speed railway channel along the Yellow River.
More soft connections are also being established.
In April this year, the official website of the Zhengzhou Municipal People’s Government released the “Zhengzhou City 2024 National Economic and Social Development Plan”. In terms of scientific and technological innovation as this year’s “number one task”, Zhengzhou proposed to strengthen its linkage with Jinan, Qingdao, and Luoyang, enhance its innovation sourcing capabilities, and strive to create the Luyu National Regional Science and Technology Innovation Center with Zhengzhou, Qingdao, and Luoyang as the core.
Although Shandong and Henan are ridiculed as being included in the "Four Mountains and Rivers Provinces" due to the scarcity of high-quality higher education resources, it is undeniable that there are only four 985/211 institutions in the "Four Mountains and Rivers Provinces" (excluding Hebei University of Technology) Are distributed in Jinan, Qingdao and Zhengzhou. At the same time, there are more than 30 national key laboratories in Zhengzhou, Jinan and Qingdao.
This kind of cross-provincial scientific and technological innovation cooperation can help break through geographical restrictions and realize the optimal allocation of scientific research resources, thus enhancing the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of the entire region. At this symposium, it was proposed to "encourage universities, scientific research institutes, etc. in the region to establish technology transfer and industrialization service mechanisms and improve the level of collaboration in the industrial chain innovation chain."
Edited by: Yang Huan
Picture source: PhotoNet_501605794
The Yellow River has once again been entrusted with important tasks.
A few days ago, a symposium on comprehensively promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was held in Lanzhou, Gansu. It has been five years since ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin were elevated to a major national strategy.
In the past few years, as the regional economy has been chasing each other, there have been many questions accompanying the Yellow River: Why is there the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, but not the "Yellow Triangle"? Why does the Yellow River not drive regional economic development like the Yangtze River? Why is there no city like Shanghai at the mouth of the Yellow River?
Zhengzhou in 2019, Jinan in 2021, Lanzhou in 2024... From the first symposium, it was proposed to "promote" ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin; to the second time, it was "in-depth promotion" of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Quality development, this year is to "comprehensively promote" ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.
Important deployments in seven aspects were proposed at this symposium. Regarding regional development,
is clear: "Strive to improve industrial technological innovation capabilities, promote energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation and equipment updating in key industries, and strengthen strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing clusters." , develop new productive forces according to local conditions";
"Build a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages, megacities should follow the path of connotative development, and urban agglomerations along the Yellow River should improve population agglomeration and industrial collaboration capabilities."
Under the important task. , who among the nine provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin can seize the opportunity? Who can take charge of development? Where is the direction of joint efforts to break out? How important is
?
The Yellow River is the mother river of China and an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Its symbolic meaning has already exceeded that of a geographical river.
On September 18, 2019, the first symposium on ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin clearly stated: "Protecting the Yellow River is a long-term plan related to the great rejuvenation and sustainable development of the Chinese nation."
"Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin "Quality development" has since been clarified as a major national strategy, alongside the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. Comparing the strategies of the other four major countries, they all have a strong overtone of “fighting for the economy.” Only the Yellow River Basin juxtaposes ecological protection with high-quality development, and prioritizes ecology.
This is determined by the characteristics of the Yellow River itself. Many problems such as mud and sand, river swings, and overhanging rivers have made the Yellow River one of the rivers with the highest sediment content, the most serious water damage, and the most difficult management in the world.
Image source: Photo Network 501363006
"Water security is the biggest 'grey rhinoceros' in the Yellow River Basin." At the first symposium held in Zhengzhou in 2019, four problems in the Yellow River Basin were pointed out straightforwardly: First, the risk of floods remains It is the biggest threat to the river basin; second, the ecological environment of the river basin is fragile; third, the water resources security situation is severe; fourth, the quality of development needs to be improved. The first three of
are all related to ecology, which is why "ecology" has become an important keyword.
The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological security barrier. To protect it does not mean not to develop it. Not only development, but also high-quality development. As Guangming Daily commented: High-level protection and high-quality development are not separate, but organically unified and mutually reinforcing. In fact, the "ecological aspect" of high-quality development and the "economic aspect" of high-level protection make the two complementary and complementary.
For example, in 2023, my country's energy consumption per unit of GDP will decrease by 0.5% year-on-year, but the GDP will increase by 5.2% year-on-year, reaching 126 trillion yuan, which is clear evidence.
From this perspective, the tasks in the Yellow River Basin are heavier and more difficult.
As one of the most densely populated areas in my country, it is also an important economic zone in my country. The Yellow River Basin contributes a quarter of the country's GDP. With one-fifth of the country's water resources, it supports the country's 63 % of primary energy production, while ensuring 35% of China’s grain and 32% of meat production.
In addition, the “Belt and Road” almost runs through the hinterland of the Yellow River Basin.
clearly stated in the "Vision and Actions to Promote the Joint Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road" released in 2015: Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai form channels, commerce, and trade for countries in Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. Logistics hub, important industry and cultural exchange base; Inner Mongolia is building an important window opening to Northeast Asia.
As the spatial carrier of the “Belt and Road Initiative”, the Yellow River Basin develops better, and the implementation of the “Belt and Road Initiative” will become smoother.
Who takes the lead?
At this symposium, it was proposed to "guide the coordinated development, intensive and compact layout of large, medium and small cities and small towns, enhance the county's industry and population carrying capacity, and reduce the carrying pressure of ecologically fragile areas." In the face of
opportunities, which cities can take the lead? In terms of actions, the most active cities are concentrated in Shandong and Henan provinces.
As early as 2017, the Jinan Municipal Government Work Report proposed that Quancheng should embrace the Yellow River, realize cross-strait interaction, develop across the river in the north, and promote Jinan from the "Daming Lake Era" to the "Yellow River Era".
In the "Action Outline for Zhengzhou's Construction of a National Central City (2017-2035)" announced by the Zhengzhou Municipal Government in February of the following year, it was also clearly stated that Zhengzhou should "connect to the north" and explore "crossing the Yellow River" to the north to develop in conjunction with the adjacent areas of Xinxiang , to speed up the integration process.
Not long ago, the draft of the "Jinan City Land and Space Short-Term Plan (2024-2030)" was publicly solicited for opinions. It stated that Jinan will promote regional opening up and coordination, strengthen the "one-line" transportation channel connection along the Yellow River, and build the Yellow River Basin important central city. Promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, develop new quality productive forces, and build an important economic growth pole in the northern region.
Although Qingdao is not a city along the Yellow River Basin in the geographical sense, it has also found its own coordinates in this major layout - "economic outlet". Sitting on a world-class port, Qingdao Port completed a total of 2.208 million TEUs in sea-rail combined transport in 2023, ranking first in the country's ports for nine consecutive years, including 2.048 million TEUs along the Yellow River and Jiujiu Provinces, accounting for 92.7%.
The "Qingdao City’s 2024 Work Points for Promoting Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin" issued this year details a "roadmap" for Qingdao to integrate into the major national strategies of the Yellow River - based on the best economic outlet of the Yellow River Basin. Strengthen the opening-up frontier, hub node, and portal connectivity functions, and strive to build the Yellow River Basin's open door to the outside world.
In January this year, the Shandong Port Supply Chain Comprehensive Service Promotion Conference was held in Xi'an and Taiyuan. Qingdao Port signed strategic cooperation agreements with Xi'an Free Trade Port and Shanxi Coking Coal Group to further introduce Qingdao's open resources as a gateway hub city into the hinterland of the Yellow River.
Image source: Photo Network 501564204
At present, with the deepening of urban agglomeration and urbanization, the utilization efficiency and comprehensive carrying capacity of urban elements will be further improved. Last year, Zhengzhou, Jinan, and Qingdao were all approved to build national-level metropolitan areas, which will further amplify the radiation capabilities of central cities and deepen all aspects of connections between central cities and surrounding small and medium-sized cities.
It is worth mentioning that this symposium also specifically mentioned that "megacities must take the road of connotative development." According to the seventh national census, there are 22 megacities in our country, including Xi'an and Qingdao along the Yellow River Basin. , Jinan and Zhengzhou. This also provides an action guide for the four cities to promote the transformation of urban development model from "speed growth" to "quality improvement".
At the same time, the symposium also proposed that the Yellow River Basin should "vigorously develop a green and low-carbon economy, orderly promote the planning and construction of large-scale wind power and photovoltaic bases and power transmission channels, and accelerate the replacement of clean energy in key industries."
Overall, the Yellow River Basin is green and clean. It is rich in energy and has national hub nodes in the computing power network such as Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Ningxia. With the explosive growth of generative artificial intelligence, the advantages of "new energy + computing power" in the Yellow River Basin are further highlighted, becoming an important factor in the development of artificial intelligence in the Yellow River Basin. The potential of new productive forces in the digital economy such as cloud computing and the industrial Internet lies.
Fill up shortcomings
An unavoidable fact is that no city in the Yellow River Basin has a GDP that ranks among the top ten in the country.
Looking back at the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Chengdu and Chongqing in the upper reaches, Wuhan in the middle reaches, and Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing in the lower reaches. A total of 7 cities are shortlisted for the top ten GDP in the country. Changsha, Hefei, Changzhou, and Wuxi have also entered the GDP trillion club. .
Factors such as geographical segmentation and the isolation of cities within the basin once affected the development of cities along the Yellow River and did not form an economic corridor. This is considered to be one of the reasons why the Yellow River Basin has mostly remained a geographical concept and has not formed an economic zone similar to the Yangtze River Basin.
In addition to the fact that the Yellow River itself does not have shipping conditions, the internal land transportation organization is not as smooth as that in the Yangtze River Basin. The Yellow River Basin lacks transportation corridors such as the Shanghai-Hancheng Railway, the Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway, and the Yangtze River High-speed Railway that connect major cities in the basin to the end.
At the "2024·Serving High-Quality Development Seminar in the Yellow River Basin" previously held by
, representatives from the nine provinces and regions along the Yellow River gathered in Jinan to promote the joint construction of the land-sea corridor along the Yellow River. The conference jointly launched an initiative, calling for giving full play to the role of modern logistics as a "rib", working together to build national and regional logistics hubs, and smoothing the land-sea linkage channels connecting Japan, South Korea, Europe, Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Picture source: Photo Network 500614677
The vision is gradually becoming a reality.
In December last year, as an important connection line of the national "Eight Vertical and Eight Horizontal" high-speed rail network and an important part of the Yellow Land-Sea Channel, the Jizheng High-speed Railway was put into operation, transforming the lower reaches of the Yellow River from a traditional administrative regional unit to a Yellow River ecological unit. The system is the core watershed unit.
If the Jizheng High-speed Railway is placed on a larger scale, it will also be the beginning of the collective development of cities along the Yellow River. After the opening of the Jizheng High-speed Railway, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Xining and other provincial capitals along the Yellow River will be connected in a line, forming a large east-west channel.
In July this year, the Rilan High-speed Railway was fully operational, and a new channel appeared along the Huangdahai Sea -
The eastern end of the Rilan High-speed Railway has rich marine resources and convenient seaport transportation conditions. It runs all the way from the eastern coast to the west, and exits the province in Heze It will then reach Lankao and connect with the Zhengzhou-Xu High-speed Railway, connecting Luoyang, Xi'an, Lanzhou and other cities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River through the Zhengzhou hub, forming a new "one-line" high-speed railway channel along the Yellow River.
More soft connections are also being established.
In April this year, the official website of the Zhengzhou Municipal People’s Government released the “Zhengzhou City 2024 National Economic and Social Development Plan”. In terms of scientific and technological innovation as this year’s “number one task”, Zhengzhou proposed to strengthen its linkage with Jinan, Qingdao, and Luoyang, enhance its innovation sourcing capabilities, and strive to create the Luyu National Regional Science and Technology Innovation Center with Zhengzhou, Qingdao, and Luoyang as the core.
Although Shandong and Henan are ridiculed as being included in the "Four Mountains and Rivers Provinces" due to the scarcity of high-quality higher education resources, it is undeniable that there are only four 985/211 institutions in the "Four Mountains and Rivers Provinces" (excluding Hebei University of Technology) Are distributed in Jinan, Qingdao and Zhengzhou. At the same time, there are more than 30 national key laboratories in Zhengzhou, Jinan and Qingdao.
This kind of cross-provincial scientific and technological innovation cooperation can help break through geographical restrictions and realize the optimal allocation of scientific research resources, thus enhancing the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of the entire region. At this symposium, it was proposed to "encourage universities, scientific research institutes, etc. in the region to establish technology transfer and industrialization service mechanisms and improve the level of collaboration in the industrial chain innovation chain."
text | Xiao Chun
Daily Economic News
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