"Old Red Army Album" No. 8

8

"Old Red Army Album"

Editor's note:

The experience of the Red Army was formed in a specific historical period, and the events they experienced in that year are history that cannot be repeated. I used more than ten years to search for old Red Army soldiers working in Jiangxi and Jiangxi natives all over the country. Some of them are generals, some are health workers, nurses, some are soldiers, guards, grooms, porters, etc., but they Hardship and plain living, not taking credit for pride, and dedication to the people is full of the noble character of a Communist Party member, which is a model for contemporary people.

Author: Dai Tingyao

Lu Huang, the old Red Army who has been wronged and never surrendered

At 10 o’clock in the morning on December 6, 2002, I contacted Sister Luo Xin with several old Red Army members and arranged to interview them after Monday, because the interview time was limited There was no further delay, so I directly contacted several other old Red Army veterans on the list. During the contact on the phone, Lu Huang, an old Red Army soldier, agreed to my interview in the morning. Lu Huang was from Chengdu, Sichuan. He participated in the revolution in 1936. His wife Chen Bo is the first member of the Standing Committee of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, Minister of Social Affairs and Director of Public Security.

I hurriedly took a taxi, departed from Nanchang Hotel on Huangnigen Road, west of Tiananmen, and got off at Dengshikou East, east of Tiananmen in about ten minutes. People know, but an old lady who bought vegetables finally told me that I found the location of No. 81, Tongfu Jiadao.

Because I called beforehand, Mr. Lu was waiting for me at home. I found No. 81, Tongfu Jiadao, and came to the door of Room 401, Unit 3, and knocked on the door twice. Mr. Lu promised to open the door quickly and let me in, and poured water Taking the cigarette, I hurriedly said, "Mr. Lu, you're welcome, I'm sorry to bother you!"

Mr. Lu was at home alone, looking at the open book on the table, I knew she was reading just now. I looked around the house, and found a two-bedroom, one-living room with an area of ​​60 to 70 square meters. The decoration was simple and the life was very simple. She was very happy to hear that I came from Jiangxi Province, and said: "In 1949, I and Her husband, Chen Bo, went south with Chen Zhengren to take over Jiangxi, and the journey was very fortunate."

Mr. Lu was full of praise for Jiangxi, saying: "In fact, Jiangxi has beautiful mountains, water, and people. I still miss the days when I worked in Jiangxi."

Mr. Lu said: "I was born in Sichuan in 1920. , there are already 4 older brothers and 6 older sisters. There is no joy in adding a baby to a poor family. When I was about to be born, a pot of boiling water was waiting for me. Parents have agreed that if it is a boy, it will stay, and if it is a girl Throw it into a boiling water basin and scald it to death.

delivered the baby by a kind sister-in-law. Not long ago, she gave birth to a stillborn baby, and the grief still tortured her deeply. As soon as I landed, I couldn’t stop crying. Crying, the sister-in-law was crying secretly, she couldn't throw this living little life into the boiling water basin. She quickly wrapped the baby in rags and shouted: "It's a baby! "

The father who was waiting outside believed it and gave up the idea of ​​killing. The baby was taken care of by the sister-in-law, and was carried to be fed by the mother and played with by the father. After the parents knew the truth, because they had feelings, they couldn't bear to die again. Abandoned this girl. When

was two years old, my father died suddenly of illness, and my mother was too busy making a living and had no energy to take care of our children. The broken basket covered with straw was my little world. I was covered in lice in winter and full of lice in summer. Flies in the face, the white dog at home is a partner, and he has never been sick since he was a child. Suffering has created a tenacious vitality.

When I was studying, the school stipulated that outstanding students could be exempted from tuition fees. In order not to burden the elder brother who is in charge, In elementary and junior high schools, I took the exams every year.

In 1936, I graduated from junior high school and was still dreaming of high school. To live a good life, my elder brother wants to climb into the powerful family to gain some fame. The fourth and fifth sisters are very sympathetic to me as a little sister. As a result of private discussions, there is only one way, and that is to escape marriage.

This summer, I I ran away from home secretly at the age of 16. Before leaving, the fourth sister took off a gold ring from my husband’s family and gave it to me. The fifth sister reluctantly sent me to the county seat, and borrowed money from classmates’ houses to help my sister make up enough travel expenses. I went straight to Chengdu. Relying on the financial support of my classmates in Chengdu, I was admitted to the Christian school "Huamei Girls High School" run by the Americans. "

In 1936, I participated in the underground "Chinese Anti-Japanese Vanguard" at school, referred to as Minxian, because it was a progressive organization, on May 7, 1937, a notice was suddenly posted on the poster board in the front hall of the school, announcing the decision to expel seven students including Gan Peiwen and Lu Shoulian (Lu Huang's scientific name). Lu Huang and the students who were punished went to the principal's office angrily and demanded an explanation. The answer is: "You don't study hard, and you participate in social activities without asking for leave."

In 1937, the "July 7" Incident broke out. Under the organization of Sichuan University, Minxian went deep into the countryside, factories, and teahouses Propagating the Communist Party’s anti-Japanese proposition. In November 1937, the Sichuan underground party sent us to Yan’an. At that time, three people went to the office of the Eighth Route Army in Xi’an. Fan Changjiang wrote a letter to Yan’an to contact us. We walked over, because Without a letter of introduction, we went to the Anfu youth training class to study for a month, and then we walked to Yan'an in groups. After arriving in Yan'an, I first studied in Shanbei Public School.

In 1938, when I was studying at the Northern Shaanxi Public School, I was selected by the intelligence and security department of the border area, and entered the special training class of our party's intelligence security system. In the love training class, the head teacher happened to be my later lover Chen Bo (Blu).

After I graduated from the special situation training class, I worked as a female scout in the Security Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.

After Japan surrendered, I went to the Northeast and served as the head of the County Public Security Bureau in Songjiang Province. In 1949, we went south with Chen Zhengren to Jiangxi to take over. The journey was very hard. On the way, the child fell ill and happened to pass by Shanghai, so we left the child in Shanghai. After we arrived in Nanchang, I transferred to Shanghai to treat the child.

Chen Bo served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, Minister of Social Affairs and Director of Public Security in Jiangxi. When he was sent to Ganzhou to take over the work in Guangzhou, he was transferred to Guangzhou by the organization to take over security and served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Guangzhou Municipal Party Committee and Director of Public Security.

Chen Bo was originally named Lu Maohuan, also known as Bulu. Because of his poor family, he entered a factory as a child laborer after graduating from elementary school and was exploited by capitalists. With the instinct to resist exploitation and oppression, he joined the torrent of the National Revolution and the Communist Party of China at the age of 15. After the failure of the

Great Revolution, he participated in an armed riot in his hometown and was forced to flee overseas after the failure. He successively participated in the armed struggle led by the local Communist Party in Malaya (now Malaysia), Indonesia and other countries. In 1931, Chen Bo, who was just 20 years old, served as the head of the picket team of the Malaya Federation of Trade Unions led by the Communist Party of Malaya.

After returning to China, Chen Bo came to Yan'an in 1937 and became an excellent commander and scout of the Security Department. Continue to fight desperately to defend the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, to defend the Party Central Committee, Chairman Mao and hidden enemies. He once cracked the major case of the "Han Training Class" of the Central Union spy, and promptly exposed the criminal conspiracy of the Central Union spy to pretend to be the commander of the New Fourth Army to assassinate Mao Zedong. Because of Blu's outstanding achievements, Mao Zedong praised him as "China's Sherlock Holmes".

In 1951, Comrade Chen Bo, who served as the Director of Public Security of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City Public Security Bureau, was arrested. He died in a labor camp farm in 1972. In 1980, nine years after his unjust death, Comrade Chen Bo was rehabilitated. Zhaoxue, known as "the first unjust case of the Republic".

During the more than 20 years when her lover was wronged, Mrs. Lu cleared her work in the public security department. With the care of sister Deng Yingchao, she did some odd jobs in the Women's Federation, but she always believed in the party's policy of seeking truth from facts. It was done so properly, meticulously, and confidentially. She wants to prove her and her husband's loyalty to the cause of the party with actions!

My revolutionary experience

Min Guilan, a soldier of the New Fourth Army

I was born on January 1, 1926 in a poor peasant family in Guijiawan, Huangpi County, Hubei Province. This date of birth was found out by the party organization after joining the army based on my birthplace and investigation. .

The poverty of my parents and the patriarchal feudal ideology sent me to another poor family as a child bride. My adoptive parents are good to me. If they have food, I also have food. But the hardships of life made me grow up half-starved. When

was eight years old, his adoptive mother died in poverty and exhaustion. Only living with the adoptive grandmother, the adoptive grandmother sold all valuable things in order to survive, and even the only thatched cottage was not left behind. The family with nothing can only live by begging, and the life is even more impoverished. At night, they sleep in a cave with their adoptive grandmother. The adoptive grandmother has small feet and it is difficult to walk. One day, I gave the food I begged for to my adoptive grandmother, but I saw that the adoptive grandmother was lying motionless. I don’t know when she died. I became an orphan.

In the spring of 1942, someone told meIt is said that there is a team helping the poor in the Dabie Mountains. I found the New Fourth Army with a group of hard-working children. The New Fourth Army took us in, and we participated in the Hongtongtong School of the New Fourth Army in Xiaogan, Hubei Province. There, we learned cultural knowledge and revolutionary principles during the day, and posted revolutionary slogans (beating Japanese devils, etc.) in the Kuomintang ruled area at night. When it comes to battle, the guerrillas must be rescued. I was sixteen at the time. But I felt a joy I had never had before. I grew up in the revolutionary struggle, and the revolutionary activities tempered my intelligence and physical strength. At this time, we have made up our minds to follow the Communist Party.

In 1944, I formally joined the New Fourth Army and was assigned to work as a nurse in the health clinic of the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army. Soon, based on my actual performance, the party organization sent Shen Dechun, an underground member of the Communist Party of China (after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the director of the Office of the Vice President of the People’s Republic of China), and Li Xiuzhen (after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the director of the Department of Maternal and Child Health Care of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China) to the family. as a cover.

helped them with housework while doing some revolutionary work within their capabilities, and guarding was the most important job.

In January 1946, on the eve of the "Central Plains Breakthrough", the party organization asked Minister Shen Dechun and his family to transfer immediately, make up and disperse their actions according to the battle situation at that time. Minister Shen Dechun believes that if we all act together, the goal is big, and the speaking caliber (accent) is not easy to be consistent, and it is easy to be exposed, so we decided to disperse and concentrate on the direction of Yan'an, the holy place of revolution.

Of course, I only learned about the situation at that time. From Minister Shen's dignified expression and serious words, I learned the importance of transfer actions. I acted alone, and after twists and turns, I found Li Xiannian's unit at the then New Fourth Army's Fifth Division Division Headquarters in Xuanhuadian, Dawushan District, Hubei Province. After returning to the division headquarters, I was immediately assigned to the 14th Brigade (known as the Cadre Brigade).

This operation is part of the overall deployment of the Central Plains Breakthrough. In the Party Central Committee, Chairman Mao summed up the experience of the "Southern Anhui Incident" and keenly grasped that the Kuomintang would take action. Sure enough, at dawn on June 26, 1946, the Kuomintang army divided into four groups, targeting Xuanhuadian, and launched a large-scale siege of the Central Plains Liberated Area.

That night, in accordance with the strategic transfer plan pre-approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the troops of the Central Plains Military Region began to split the route to hold the Central Plains Breakout Campaign. The North Route Army, consisting of the Central Plains Bureau, the leading organs of the Central Plains Military Region, the 13th Brigade of the Second Column, the 359th Brigade, the 45th Regiment of the 15th Brigade, and the Central Plains Military Region Cadre Brigade, consists of 15,000 people. The commander of the Central Plains Military Region Under the leadership of member Li Xiannian, political commissar Zheng Weisan, deputy commander and chief of staff Wang Zhen, etc., they secretly assembled according to the scheduled deployment, and evacuated Lishan (now Dawu County, Hubei Province) Xuanhuadian and other places on the evening of the 26th, and went to the Pinghan Railway Hubei From Wushengguan at the border of Henan to the east side of Liulin in Xinyang.

To break through to the west, the North Route Army must first break through the Pinghan Road blockade set up by the Kuomintang Army. I followed the troops through Lijiazhai, which is south of Liulin and north of Wusheng Pass. Comrades from the 359th Brigade and our New Fourth Army Cadre Brigade charged forward under heavy artillery fire and rain of bullets.

I walked with the comrades of the scouts, escaped the enemy's shells, and trudged on the rough paths on the narrow paths. It was hot summer, and the sweltering weather made the soldiers not only tired, hungry, but also thirsty. Some soldiers saw the horse peeing, so they rushed to pick it up to quench their unbearable thirst. Sometimes walking on the road in the mountains, if you don't pay attention, you will fall into the abyss. One chief's horse fell off.

The Kuomintang army has worked hard for half a year on the blockade of the Ping-Han Railway. Under the brave and tenacious attack of the North Route Army of the Central Plains Military Region, it tore the blockade before the Kuomintang army launched the "July 1" general attack, and completely smashed the "July 1st" general attack. The plan to encircle and wipe out the main force of the Central Plains Military Region in one fell swoop won the first victory in the Central Plains Breakout Campaign.

On the battlefield, leaving means death, and in a breakout, falling behind means danger. Everyone gritted their teeth, and there was only one thought in their hearts, and they would never fall behind with the big army.

However, we women are facing physiological problems, and a few cloth strips can't stop the tide-like blood stains. If you are a woman, you will know that you can only change it constantly. Soft and clean sanitary napkins, that is a dream, no conditions. The "unlucky" days have passed, and the worn-out thigh is still painful, tormenting people's will.

Later, I ran out of energy, and I was about to fall behind. At that time, I had broken through the blockade of the Lijiazhai Kuomintang in the south of Liulin and the north of Wusheng Pass. At the same time, they crossed the Tang River and the Bai River.

Baihe Ferry, with the help of the local people, the 359 brigade ownerThe force and cadre brigade crossed the Tang River and the Bai River. On the way to Zhashui County via Jingziguan, my comrades saw that I was dying and put me in a relatively secluded ravine. A cadre of the

359 Brigade Organization Department, named Zhu Jiasheng (after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the Urumqi Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation Army), handed me 3 silver dollars. Said, "You take it, solve the problem of hunger by yourself, and when you get better, you must catch up with the big army."

I don't know how long it took, when I woke up, I saw a few people pointing at me not far away. Chirping, I was startled, turned over immediately, and strode down the path. I knew in my heart that if I was abducted by human traffickers during the time of war and chaos, I would be left behind forever. Leaning on a stick, I was so anxious that I looked for my troops. Not long after

walked, he saw a soldier waving to me. He was a sentinel from the 718th Regiment of the 359th Brigade. He pointed to a path and said, "Go this way, the team is ahead, hurry up, and the enemy will catch up with you immediately." I'm going to die." I nodded gratefully to him and went to catch up with my team. At this time, the troops were being ordered to seize Jingziguan, the throat of Shaanxi. The Jingziguan and Nanhuatang areas are located at the junction of Henan, Hubei, and Shaanxi provinces, and are the gateway to Shaanxi. The mountains here are continuous and the terrain is dangerous, which has important military value.

In order to quickly get rid of the pursuing Kuomintang army, the leaders of the Central Plains Military Region decisively decided to quickly cross the Danjiang River, and march southward around Baoyuling and Nanhuatang. The Danjiang River is a tributary of the Han River, and the water is below knee-deep most of the year, making it possible to wade in vain.

But it was summer at that time, with heavy rains for days, flash floods, and the water level of the Danjiang River rose sharply. The turbid river water, rolled with broken trees and grass residues, was churning and roaring, and the huge waves hit the rocks by the river, rolling up waves several feet high. The commanders twisted the harvested wires into ropes and tied them on both sides of the Danjiang River, and then grabbed the ropes in batches to cross the river.

Because of the strong water and strong waves, the rope was broken at one time, and more than 300 commanders and fighters died in the river. I saw with my own eyes that my comrades were washed away by the river as soon as they entered the river, and their bodies were scattered on both sides of the river. It was very tragic. I followed the reconnaissance team and crossed the Danjiang River in a wooden boat.

In order to break the siege of the Kuomintang army, the 719th Regiment of the Right Wing of the Northern Route Army used the first and third battalions to block the Kuomintang army chasing after them, and the second battalion mainly attacked the frontal Kuomintang army positions. Under the command of regiment leader Yan Longbin, the second battalion attacked the Kuomintang army positions with the sixth company in the center, the fourth company as the left wing, and the fifth company as the right wing.

Zhang Long, the deputy commander of the sixth company, led the team to charge several times, and finally sacrificed heroically; Jia Shujing, the commander of the fifth company, was seriously injured and his arms were pierced by bullets. When the battle was at its most intense, deputy commander Wang Zhen, political commissar Wang Enmao, and deputy brigade commander Xu Guoxian organized brigade cadres and orderly personnel to participate in the battle. They fought desperately to open a gap and quickly broke out of the encirclement.

The enemy situation is so serious and the battles are extremely frequent. In order to reduce the cover task of the troops and at the same time save the cadres more effectively, the leaders of the right-wing troops of the Northern Route Army decided to disperse the cadre brigades: one will continue to advance westward with the 359th brigade; Several guerrilla detachments persisted in the struggle on the spot; some were transferred in disguise. The unit I was in had been broken up in the battle of Jingziguan, and many comrades had died. I also crawled out of the corpses of my comrades. At that time, there were so many female comrades in the cadre brigade, and only six were left in the end. Lesbians and a couple of gay men.

I was in the New Fourth Army at first, and then the Eighth Route Army after the 359th Brigade. Mr. Min went on to say: "The troops were broken up, and the remaining comrades gathered together to find the big troops. I saw a bearded chief riding a horse." Come over and shout: "Which unit are you from? Hurry up, the enemy is ahead. I am Wang Zhen from the 359th Brigade. Come with us." In this way, these comrades and I followed Wang Zhen's orders. Instructions were incorporated into the ranks of the 359th Brigade. A soldier from the Cadre Brigade of the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army came to the 359th Brigade.

We occupied the north slope behind Zhen'an City via Wangjiaping and other places, and captured Zhen'an City that night. On August 2, Wang Zhen led the 717th Regiment and its directly affiliated agencies into the city. Everyone also entered the city with the directly-affiliated agencies, and saw that the troops opened the prison, released innocent people, and opened warehouses to help the poor. The local people were all rejoicing.

After I arrived in Yan'an with the 359th Brigade, I learned that this battle was what our army called the "Central Plains Breakthrough", that is, the first shot in the War of Liberation was fired. From June 26 to August 2, 1946, the breakout troops on the North Road of the Central Plains Military Region lasted 36 days, traveled nearly 2,000 miles, fought more than 30 times, and wiped out 4 enemies.More than 700 people completely smashed the Kuomintang army's "encirclement and suppression" and pursuit plans again and again, and successfully realized the great strategic transfer from Xuanhuadian to Qinling.

In the autumn of 1946, when the cadre brigade of the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army came to Yan’an for shelter, they knew the whereabouts of me and other comrades, and came to pick us up and return to the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army. Brigadier Wang Zhen proposed to keep us in the 359th Brigade. Worked in the hospital of the Ministry of Health of the 359th Brigade.

In November of this year, the leader of the 359th Brigade approved: After seeking my consent, he and Comrade Du Hongjian, political commissar of the Ministry of Health of the 359th Brigade, became a lifelong revolutionary partner. The wedding was very simple. In a cave dwelling in Yan'an, accompanied by several comrades from the Health Department of the 359th Brigade, a photo was taken, and we were married.

At the end of December 1946, he followed the 359th Brigade and crossed the Yellow River to the Luliang Military Region in Shanxi Province again, and participated in the North China People's War of Liberation. The 359th Brigade of the 2nd Column and the 8th Column captured Yuncheng, Shanxi. The battlefield was fierce and the number of casualties increased.

Our hospital has devoted itself to the nursing work. Due to the outstanding work, we won the second-class merit and were promoted to be the platoon leader of the nurse platoon. After becoming the platoon leader, while taking care of the wounded, I had to coordinate the work of the nurses, and often used my spare time to wash gauze. In winter, the world is full of ice and snow. The nurses should also be led to wash the gauze with thick blood one by one, and then use it after disinfection.

In March 1948, I joined the Communist Party of China with honor. The introductions for joining the party were Zhao Hongyue, commander of the sixth company of the 359th Brigade Hospital of the Second Column, and Wang Zhongxi, the instructor. The organization sent me to study medicine from a nursing job. I was studying internal medicine, which was really difficult. I haven't read many books, at most I have a small education, and I don't understand a lot of medical terminology, I only learned a little superficial. After having a child, I gave up.

In March 1949, my first child was born in the field hospital of the Second Column of the Northwest Field Army in Baicun Village, Zhichuan Town, Hancheng County, Shanxi Province. I named her "Jiangbei". My husband and I felt that from the War of Resistance Against Japan to the War of Liberation, from Jiangnan to Jiangbei, the first child was called "Jiangbei" to commemorate the great experience in life. After giving birth,

embarked on a journey to understand and enlarge the Northwest with the army before his confinement. He walked through Tianshui, Gansu, crossed the Qilian Mountains, and arrived in Kashgar, Xinjiang after untold hardships. Along the way, due to the difficult living conditions and the great climate change, I fell ill, and so did my child. But I still insisted on taking care of the wounded with my child behind my back. I only had one belief in my heart: Persistence, persistence, persistence is victory. We must not fall behind, and we must keep up with the large forces.

At the end of 1949, Guo Peng, the commander of the Second Army of the First Field Army, Comrade Wang Enmao, the political commissar, and the commanders and fighters of the Second Army went through untold hardships and traveled 2,547 kilometers (Jiuquan to Kashgar in southern Xinjiang) and stationed in Kashgar, Xinjiang——Southern Xinjiang Military Region . I was assigned to serve as the team leader in the nursery school of the Military Women's Families School in the Southern Xinjiang Military Region.

From 1955 to 1969, following the transfer of my wife’s job, I came to the Agricultural First Division of the Production and Construction Corps of the Xinjiang Military Region (the Corps was affiliated to the Xinjiang Military Region at that time), and worked for 14 years. In the first 14 years of

's establishment, the conditions were extremely difficult. The Corps members used their superhuman hard work and carried forward the spirit of Nanniwan to build oases on the land of the ancient wasteland. Building roads and opening up wasteland, digging ditches to plant rice, harvesting wheat, and picking cotton, there are footprints and sweat of our soldiers everywhere. With the reorganization of the entire army, we collectively changed jobs.

Author Dai Tingyao

Editor: Yan Jingping "White Wave Love"