Peninsula All Media Reporter Yang Yang, trainee reporter Wang Tianshu In Daze Mountain, Pingdu City, the "hometown of grapes", there is such a family: 89-year-old Han Qiutai, 58-year-old Han Yubo, 34-year-old Han Peng... Three generations of the family have been dealing with "grapes", and they have created a "Yubo series" grapes have created two world records, 12 new grape varieties have been registered in the country, and the cultivated grape varieties have won the national grape championship for many times. Behind this achievement is the three generations of people who stick to the countryside and not forget their original aspirations and relay inheritance. This year, Peninsula Metropolis Daily , together with Alibaba's daily positive energy for public welfare, Alibaba Rural Revitalization Fund, and more than 60 mainstream media across the country, launched the 2022 "Most Beautiful Hometown People" selection, looking forward to your recommendation.
's father is an expert in "planting"
"Grapes are a part of my life"
Han Qiutai, 89, has not left the "grape" business. As long as he is free, he will go to his son Han Yubo's grape shed to "guide the work" , tell me that this vine is not growing properly, this place should be repaired, etc. Han Yubo always makes improvements.
Han Qiutai is picking grapes
Han Qiutai is a native farmer of Daze Mountain and an "old expert" in grape growing. In 1986, Han Qiutai and five friends from the same village contracted 60 acres of land on the north hillside of the village. Because he was engaged in fruit tree cultivation in the village fruit industry team, the use of this land is still used for fruit tree planting. After thinking about it, everyone in the family likes to eat grapes, so Han Qiutai decided to plant grapes. Because
has knowledge about fruit tree cultivation, Han Qiutai is not worried about planting grapes. "I like to study grape sowing very much, and I am determined to become a private grape sowing expert." In 1991, there were many rainy seasons, and 80% of the grapes planted by Han Qiutai rotted and suffered heavy losses. He began to abandon the traditional planting model, read books and consult experts, focusing on grape planting techniques.
Han Qiutai especially advocates green and pollution-free production, using organic fertilizers throughout the process, and trying to use physical measures such as insect-proof nets and black light to attract insects to avoid grape diseases and insect pests.
Han Yubo on hybrid pollination
"My father is very good at sowing." Han Yubo's evaluation of his father, he told reporters, "'Winter Tibetan' is an important part of grape sowing. Grape seedlings are only cultivated in autumn and buried in winter. Only by overwintering can we avoid freezing to death in the next spring." Han Yubo said, "I knew nothing about the 'knowledge' of planting, and my father mastered this technique, and the survival rate of the grapes planted under his hands was very high. ” When Han Yubo planted the first batch of hybrid seeds, due to lack of sowing experience, the survival rate of seeds was extremely low. Han Qiutai used his sowing experience to increase the survival rate of hybrid seeds to more than 85% to ensure the smooth growth of seedlings. To ensure the follow-up breeding and re-selection links.
Han Qiutai also has his own experience in grape care. When he first planted grapes, the grape varieties were monotonous, mainly white jade, longan, "Zexiang ( Zeshan No. 1 )", "Zeyu (Zeshan No. 2)", and rose fragrance. Later, was introduced. American red . However, as a Eurasian species, American red grapes are difficult to take care of and are prone to downy mildew, which requires careful management. Han Qiutai judged the growth of grapes by observing the external shape of the grapes, and made corresponding adjustments and improvements. When Han Yubo was in the seedling business, he often brought back new varieties to his father from other places. Whether it is "Goldfinger" or " Fujiminoro ", " Summer Black ", Han Qiutai can be successfully planted. Under the influence of his father, Han Yubo also became familiar with the whole process of grape growing very early.
The starting point of Han Yubo's breeding career, the buds of "Qiu Hei" grapes became a new variety, which was discovered by Han Qiutai. During the hybrid breeding period, Han Qiutai and his son discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Eurasian and European and American grapes, and worked out a hybridization plan together. Han Qiutai participated in the cultivation of "Yubo No. 1" to "Yubo No. 6". Later, in order to learn breeding techniques, Han Yubo often went to various parts of the country to learn related techniques. Once he went out, it was two years. During this period, Han Qiutai planted new varieties in the grape shed and took care of hybrid seedlings.
From the source of varieties, the history and culture of grapes, planting experience, postpartum circulation, the color and aroma of grapes to the processing of grapes, Han Qiutai is very familiar, he said.Dao: "I have done one thing for most of my life, and that is grapes. Grapes are a part of my life, and I want to be crazy about grapes."
's son is an expert in "breeding". The " grape seedling broker"
has the knowledge and experience about grapes passed on by his father, Han Yubo took a lot of detours in the process of cultivating new varieties. Doing experiments in the field during the day, reading books at night to learn about hybridization, standing under the vines to do hybridization during busy farming seasons, and going out to study scriptures during slack farming seasons... This is the true portrayal of Han Yubo.
Han Qiutai, Han Yubo and Han Peng group photo
Influenced by his father since childhood, Han Yubo has a deeper love for grapes. After graduating from junior high school, he came to the fruit industry team as a technician, responsible for fruit tree cultivation. After the implementation of , he and his father took care of their own vineyards. During the few years of contact with grapes, Han Yubo discovered that creating economic value from the source was more profitable than traditional grape cultivation. Therefore, Han Yubo and his family After some discussion, they began to breed and sell grape seedlings. He heard that someone in Chengyang District had transplanted the Kyoho grape introduced from Japan, and the price was high. "The first time I went, it was the growing season of grapes, and the fruit farmers didn't sell them to me. In the fall, I went to the door again to buy 800 seed sticks for 300 yuan," Han Yubo said. For these hard-won "babies", Han Yubo spent a lot of time finding a heated kang head for them, and took care of them with kraft paper , rainproof cloth and sand. After more than 20 days, the seed buds grew green new leaves. "This variety was relatively rare in Daze Mountain at that time and even in the whole country. In the first year, I made thousands of yuan, which is catching up with the income of the previous two years." In the same year, he established an excellent grape breeding station and subscribed more than 1,000 yuan. Yuan's scientific and technological newspapers, learn the theoretical knowledge of seedling cultivation. In order to open up sales for his seedling business, he was the first to place advertisements in newspapers and magazines, and he also became a "grape seedling broker" in the village to help villagers sell grape seedlings. In just a few years, he made a lot of money. 's property.
In 1993, Han Yubo and his father made a new discovery in the grape field, and it was this discovery that led him to the road of breeding. "The 'Qiuhei' grape has three branches, the middle one is very thick, and the grapes produced are very large, almost twice as large as the grapes on the next branch." Out of curiosity, Han Yubo put The branch in the middle was cut and cultivated by cuttings. Unexpectedly, this new branch has a strong vitality, and the grapes are two or three times that of traditional grapes, and the weight of a single ear is about two or three kilograms. It was not until 1999 when Han Yubo went to study in the Department of Horticulture of Gansu Agricultural University that he learned from the enlightenment teacher Chang Yongyi that this is a new variety produced by the bud change of a single plant of the "Autumn Black" grape, which belongs to a genetic mutation with a probability of 10. One in ten thousand. This conclusion made him very excited, and the idea of bringing new varieties was born.
Han Yubo under the grapevine
In 2000, he founded the Jiangbei Grape Research Institute in Pingdu City. At that time, Mr. Shao Jiyuan , the breeder of "Zexiang" and "Zeyu", a folk breeder in Daze Mountain, told Han Yubo, "Don't just cultivate seedlings, but also pay attention to breeding. Only good varieties can be grown into good grapes." Han Yubo also thought, " Famous", wanting to do his own career in the field of breeding, so he officially started grape breeding.
However, the early stage of breeding was not smooth. Because he did not understand the laws of breeding, Han Yubo squatted in the vineyard during the day to do experiments, and read books at night to learn knowledge. In addition, he has apprenticeships all over the country, Liaoning, Gansu, Zhejiang, Xinjiang...the famous grape growing areas in the country have left his footprints. Until 2007, after 14 years of repeated experiments, Han Yubo cultivated the largest late-ripening table grape " Purple Earth " in China. However, this variety has not been recognized by relevant industry experts, who believe that this variety has a low fruit flavor and low sweetness. So Han Yubo decided to carry out a new cross-breeding, but at the beginning, cross-breeding had insufficient practical experience, and ended in failure many times. Finally, after being introduced by a friend, he asked Li Shaoxing, a private grape breeder in Changli County, Hebei Province for advice. The master taught the grapes Male, pollination, seed sowing. After the careful guidance and preaching of the two masters, from theory to field practice, we started from scratch step by step. He changed all the vineyards into greenhouse test fields. In order to better observe the experiments, Han Yubo often only sleeps two or three hours a day and stays in the greenhouse.Just one day.
Childhood domestication - breeding, re-selection - regional testing - approval and registration - promotion, grape breeding takes about 12 to 15 years from hybrid breeding to popularization, and the cycle is very long. From the cultivation experiment of "Purple Earth", Han Yubo continued to explore his experience. He began to select seeds from home and abroad, conducted pairing experiments with more than 100 combinations, and finally used Romania's late-ripening rosé grape "Damina" as the female parent. "Purple Earth" as the male parent to hybridize new varieties. In 2016, the stereotyped "Yubo No. 1" and "Yubo No. 2" were successfully cultivated. For breeding, Han Yubo already has his own set of methods. Every year, 3,000 to 4,000 hybrid seeds can be obtained stably, and 300 to 400 high-quality hybrid seedlings are selected. From 2008 to the present, Han Yubo has applied for 11 new variety protection, 12 new variety intellectual property rights registration, and also created the world record of " seedless grape with the longest hanging period after fruit ripening". The newly registered new variety "Yubo XII" this year is based on "Purple Earth" as the female parent and "Royal Earth" as the male parent, with naturally grown fruit of 14-22 grams. Without any drug treatment, it can be extensively managed, saving time and effort. Beautiful appearance, sugar content of more than 20%, juicy, fleshy and crisp, fruity fragrance, purple-black peel, middle-late ripening, extremely high yield, is a very promising new super-large seedless grape variety.
"Yubo Twelve"
With the deepening of breeding work, Han Yubo turned the breeding career into a sense of responsibility and mission. Years of breeding work also left a "mark" on his body: the grapes need to be tasted after they are ripe. Han Yubo's blood sugar has risen once he has eaten, and he can only spit out the grapes after tasting the taste; the environment in the grape shed is humid and hot, Han Yubo also suffered from severe eczema ; due to the need to raise his head to observe the growth of grapes, over time his cervical vertebrae also had problems. Han Yubo did not give up because of this, and continued with his original intention.
Han Yubo said: "Thanks to my father's guidance when I was young, I hope to share the experience I have accumulated over the years with young people and reduce the resistance they encounter in the process of grape growing."
Han Yubo and "Yubo Twelve"
Han Yubo also told reporters that so far, 6 new grape varieties have obtained the non-main crop variety registration certificate of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs . At the beginning of cultivation, the "Yubo" grape series aimed to create the easiest grape to grow, which saves time and effort when planting. Grapes suitable for "lazy people" can greatly save the cost of artificial fruits and vegetables. "The flowers inside the walls are fragrant outside the walls, and I want to motivate the people of Daze Mountain first, so that the inside of the walls is fragrant." Han Yubo hopes that the people in Daze Mountain can plant this high-yield, storage-resistant grape, so that the More local people benefit from it.
"Win the battle of grape breeding and promote the new development of rural revitalization" is the slogan hanging on the Jiangbei Grape Research Institute. Han Yubo said: "This is also the banner and benchmark that guides his breeding work. I hope the Chinese can have more of their own. An internationally competitive grape variety.” The grandson quit his job in Beijing and went back to his hometown to grow grapes. He called on more young people to devote themselves to rural construction. said.
Han Peng is doing grape hybridization
Han Peng, 34 years old this year, majoring in film and television animation and computer application technology. In 2010, after graduating from university, he stayed in Beijing and successfully entered a technology company with his excellent academic performance. In 2015, Han Peng had already achieved some success in Beijing, holding a managerial position in the company, and planned to live in Beijing in the future.
However, the original idea did not come true. The countryside is vast, and young people can make great achievements. In 2016, Han Peng, who finally jumped out of the "Nongmen" and took root in Beijing, jumped back to the "Nongmen". "I grew up in the grape fields since I was a child, and I have a deep affection for soil, grapes, and my hometown." Han Peng said: "I would do breeding work with my father during the university vacation, such as emasculation and pollination, etc. Gradually, I have mastered the breeding process and operation methods.” At the same time, he also deeply felt his grandfather and father’s love for grape breeding, and every time he saw his father working under the vine alone, he felt uncomfortable.
Because he loves this "sweet" career, he also wants to contribute to the family, so that his father will not be so hard, Han Peng gave upTaking the opportunity to stay in Beijing for development, he gave up the high salary and resolutely returned to his hometown to plant grapes.
It is easy to plant one grape, but difficult to plant one orchard. Han Peng encountered difficulties when he first started working in breeding. "I didn't know much about breeding technology at that time, and I would have disputes with my father. When I was carrying out the first year of breeding, I did not follow my father's plan, but combined and matched according to my own ideas. I tried many varieties, but they were all It ended in failure." Han Peng said, "In the second year, I followed my father's advice to make a combination, and there were more successful combinations." Han Peng has strengthened his confidence and determination to continue on the road of breeding.
He squatted in the fields to work every day, his whole body was black and peeling, he suffered a lot, and his family felt distressed. But Han Peng was having fun, stepping on the clay soil, but he felt very at ease in his heart.
In 2018, Han Peng conducted a cross-cross based on the variety "Yubo No. 1" and obtained the new variety "Yubo No. 7". This year, he also won the "Gold Award" in the first grape competition in Shandong Province. This is the first achievement of Han Peng. This changed his attitude towards grape breeding.
"Due to my father's age, I do the delicate work of emasculation and pollination in the vineyard. I have also accumulated some experience in dealing with 'grapes' over the past few years," said Han Peng. In 2019, he started independent research and set a world record for the "heaviest single seedless grape". At the same time, he organized his own experience into professional papers, which were published in newspapers and periodicals such as "China Fruit Tree" and "Shanxi Fruit Tree", and co-authored and published two books, "Apple, Pear and Cherry Grape Cultivation Techniques" and "Practical Techniques for Healthy Grape Cultivation". Book.
Rural revitalization needs young people. How to make young people who return to their hometowns to start their own businesses avoid detours? Can they find a replicable grape growing method? Over the years, Han Peng has been thinking. In the past few years, Han Peng has often held free on-site meetings on viticulture technology for local fruit farmers, answered questions encountered by fruit farmers on the spot, provided planting techniques to those who are willing to develop grape planting industry, and carefully explained their planting experience and helped them On the road to becoming rich, while driving the employment of local farmers, more farmers can increase their income at their doorstep.
talks about the future, he is full of confidence. Han Peng said: "It is very hard to do agriculture, and there are still too few young people who are willing to return to their hometowns to engage in agriculture. He looks forward to more young people taking root in the countryside and helping rural revitalization with new identities, new thinking, and new models. ."
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to come and recommend the "most beautiful hometown people" around you.
's hometown is beautiful in the mountains and waters, but the most beautiful is the people from hometown. This year, Peninsula Metropolis Daily, together with Alibaba's daily positive energy for public welfare and Alibaba's Rural Revitalization Fund, joined hands with more than 60 mainstream media across the country to launch the 2022 "Most Beautiful Hometown People" selection event. Ordinary people who have made outstanding contributions in culture, education, ecology, science and technology, health, etc. provide more excellent models and successful experiences for rural revitalization. The focus of this selection includes but is not limited to new farmers who lead the villagers to prosper together, grass-roots educators, medical workers, ecological guardians, and caring volunteers who have long been rooted in the countryside... each one contributes to the revitalization of the countryside Those who dedicate their youth and work hard are worthy of writing and paying tribute.
If there are ordinary people and extraordinary things related to rural revitalization around you, please let us know. You can call our news hotline 96663 to recommend the news to us. At the same time, you can also make recommendations through the official mailbox of "Daily Positive Energy" at zhengnengliang@alibaba-inc.com, or follow the "Daily Positive Energy" official Weibo and public account (ID: zhnlali) to learn more about the real-time progress of the event. The deadline for the collection of
cases is November 1st this year. The Peninsula Metropolis Daily will jointly review all candidate cases with the Ali Public Welfare Daily Positive Energy Platform, and select the 2022 Qingdao 's top ten "most beautiful hometown people". "The Most Beautiful Hometown People" honorary certificate and a bonus of 2,000 yuan. It will also select outstanding cases from the top ten "most beautiful hometown people" in Qingdao to participate in the national selection, and finally select 20 groups of annual national "most beautiful hometown people", and issue them 10,000 yuan in bonuses and honorary certificates.
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