In the history of world literature, shaping a non-existent ideal country is a common theme. While this ideal country brings people yearning, it will also give you a ghostly legend, which can be described as a feature of world-weary literature, and "Peach Blossom Spring" is naturally included in this list.
, for example, , "Gulliver's Travels" by Swift, UK, tells the story of the protagonist encountering the small country, the grown-up country, the flying island and the Huizhou country and other non-existent countries during the voyage. The protagonist longs for the civilized life of Hui Qiguo and hates the real world. "Gulliver's Travels" is full of negative energy throughout.
Another example is the work "Utopia" by Thomas Moore, the founder of the most famous utopian socialism.
Thomas Moore, a Catholic saint, has communist ideas and believes that private ownership is the root of all evil. Utopia (Utopia) originally meant "there is no place" or "good place" . In "Utopia", More made up a navigator-Rafael Hisrad sailed to a strange country "Utopia" Travel experience. There, property is publicly owned, the people are equal, and the principle of distribution on demand is implemented. Everyone wears uniform work clothes and eats in public restaurants. Officials are publicly elected.
Thomas Moore was executed in 1535 for opposing Henry VIII as the head of the church.
In addition, the male protagonist Captain Nemo in the science fiction trilogy by Jules Verne, the father of French science fiction, is a country deeply disgusted with human inhabitation, and since then he has been completely hidden in the deep sea without human traces. Place. In " Twenty Thousand Miles Under the Sea, " and "Mysterious Island", Verne constructed the "Nautilus" and "Lincoln Island" such as the "Nautilus" and "Lincoln Island" far away from the world of "Xanadu", and the feeling of disgust with the real world is also obvious. Captain Nemo died in the end, and his "Xanadu" Nautilus also lay at the bottom of the ocean.
In the works describing the ideal country, we can easily see the plot descriptions that are too legendary and strange.
and Thomas More's "Utopia" have a similar inspirational structure, which is the short story "Peach Blossom Spring" by the idyllic poet Tao Yuanming in the junior middle school Chinese textbook. Many of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems express a strong feeling of disgusting the world. He longs to return to the mountains and forests to be away from the crowds. "Peach Blossom Spring" is the strongest expression of his complex.
In the classic Chinese ghost works, whether it is "Jing Hua Yuan" or "Shan Hai Jing", there is a kind of ghostly atmosphere, and it can even be said that every article has a "Liao Zhai" style. "Peach Blossom Spring" is no exception.
Tao Yuanming's era is from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a famous troubled time in Chinese history. Especially during the period of the Three Kingdoms, the national conditions of the war and the flying of the people and the lack of livelihood caused the corpses to be killed everywhere, and avoiding the disaster of war was the biggest extravagant desire of people at that time.
But this kind of wish was impossible to realize at the time, just like Mohr's utopia is also a non-existent society. People want to get rid of this pain, there is only death. Therefore, many readers of "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" believed that the Peach Blossom Spring visited by the Wuling fishermen in the Jin Taiyuan was the underworld of the dead.
Doubts: Taohuayuan’s tomb structure, taboo peach trees, mulberry and bamboo, and clothing
in Taiyuan, Jin, where people from Wuling used fishing. Travel by the river, forget the distance of the road. Suddenly meet the peach blossom forest , with hundreds of steps across the bank, no miscellaneous trees in the middle, fragrant grasses and beautiful , colorful falling leaves, fishermen are very different, and go forward again, wanting to impoverish the forest. If the forest is full of water, there will be a mountain with a small mouth, as if there is light. banshee boat, enter from the mouth. is very narrow at the beginning, only to pass people . After dozens of steps, it suddenly became clear. The land is flat, and the houses are just like, has the genus of fertile fields and beautiful ponds. The traffic on the rice paddies, the chicken and the dog hear each other. Among them, the men and women are dressed like outsiders. The yellow hair hangs down, and he is happy.
"The beginning is extremely narrow, but the person can pass through" is a typical feature of the ancient tomb structure. "The Secret Collection of Dahan Yuan Mausoleum" records that the front narrow and the rear width are common regulations for tomb anti-theft. Out of taboos about the deceased, the people will not make the entrances of houses and cottages narrow in front and wide in the back. The entrance of Taohuayuan’s cottage is obviously contrary to the conventional culture of the place where the living are living.
Tomb of Cao Cao at the end of Han Dynasty, with narrow front and wide tomb path structure
"Suddenly Peach Blossom Forest" and "The genus of mulberry and bamboo in the beautiful pond" is also in line with the ancient people's choice to build a mausoleum on a treasure site surrounded by mountains and waters. HaveTaosang is a big killer. Because peach trees and mulberry trees are considered to gather yin, folks would not grow this kind of plants outside their homes.
"Men's and women's clothes, like outsiders" confirms that the costumes of Taohuayuan residents are no different from those of the Jin Dynasty, but this is impossible. There are five hundred years from the end of Qin Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty. The clothing of the Jin Dynasty was influenced by ethnic minorities and there was a big gap with the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, the clothing styles of the residents of Taohuayuan have kept up with the trends of the outside world, which is an incredible thing for the isolated villages.
Therefore, someone once asserted that Taohuayuan is the kingdom of the underworld, and their clothes were burned to them by the people of the underworld. But this is also somewhat unreasonable. If the people of the end of Qin had really died for 500 years, the outside world would not have known them for a long time, let alone burned tributes to them.
Seeing the fisherman, I was shocked and asked everyone. Gu answered it. They had to return home and set up alcohol to kill chickens for food. The village heard that there was such a person, and came to inquire. Since Yun Xianshi escaped the chaos of the Qin Dynasty, and led his wife to come to this desperate situation, he never returned, so he was separated from outsiders. asks where is today, but I don’t know whether there is a Han, regardless of Wei Jin. , this person was specific and heard one by one, and they all sighed. The remaining people returned to their homes, all drinking and eating. Stop for a few days and resign. People here say: "It's not enough for outsiders." When you get out and get the boat, you will help you to the road and aim everywhere. And the county, the prefect, said so. The prefect sent people to follow him, looking for what he wanted, and then lost his way and no longer found the way. Nanyang Liu Ziji, a noble scholar, heard about it, and walked happily. Unsuccessful, and ended up looking for illness, and then no one interested.
I personally think that what "Peach Blossom Spring" tells is not a ghost story, but a slightly spiritual fantasy travel. Because it fits the characteristics of world-weary literature, the Peach Blossom Spring cannot be found anymore, just as Gulliver’s Kingdom of Adults and Little People in "Gulliver's Travels" will not be visited again by Gulliver, they are places that do not exist in the real world. Perhaps Tao Yuanming has seen the essence of society as well as Thomas More, and can even regard "Tao Hua Yuan Ji" as the earliest idea of public property ownership and the earliest germination of utopian socialism.
Literature, film and television public account: Fangfeiwenxue (fangfeiwenxue)
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