From the Forbidden City to the Ming Tombs
If you want to understand the living conditions of the emperors in the feudal era and even the details of their daily lives, Beijing is naturally the best place to go-not only the dynasties in charge of the country are dense, the emperors are born, but also the Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Ming The first and last parts of the Qing Dynasty constitute the second half of the history of the Chinese monarchy. Even the full stop was drawn here. In 1912, the Qing Empire went bankrupt and the last emperor Xuantong (Puyi) abdicated under the edict, which was equivalent to being driven off the stage by the awakened people...
arrived in Beijing, there are two places that must be seen Yes-
The Forbidden City is the first to bear the brunt. A total of 24 emperors lived here in the Ming and Qing dynasties. This is definitely the super real estate with the most royal style: the bedroom, study, living room, kitchen and even bathroom for the emperor. As for the concubine and the maid. There is no need to mention the attached buildings; is followed by the Ming Tombs .
The majesty and extravagance of the Forbidden City
Walking around in the Forbidden City, you can witness the dragon bed where the emperor slept, the dragon chair he sat on, the dragon robes he wore, the dragon boots he wore, the royal meal he ate, and the one he slid. The scepter, including wholesale imperial decree, jadeware for appreciation, and even the charcoal basin for heating...all these, no matter how big or small, vividly reproduce the private life of the emperor. You will find that a respectable emperor also has to eat, drink and have fun. He also has seven emotions and six desires. On weekdays, he can really disguise, as if he does not eat the fireworks in the world, and is the most holy and bright (like the incarnation of a god).
The Forbidden City is divided by "former dynasty back court" . The emperor has two sides in public and private space: he lives in the Jinluan Temple overlooking the civil and military officials, and he must have a straight face and look very majestic; When you enter the harem, you will remove your makeup, you can unscrupulously expose extravagance and licentiousness-the seventy-two concubines of the Sixth Courtyard of San Gong, can be described as a group of wives and concubines, who are in front of each other and hug behind them. There is no shortage of hopeful people who have turned their heads. This is just like hoarding silver. It is a pity that beautiful women have a shelf life (or freshness) period. It’s especially true that it’s not enough to mislead others, and it also abuses arbitrarily. It is said that Jiajing caused the "construction of the palace maidservant" and was almost strangled to death by the intolerable Yang Jinying and other 16 palace ladies with a yellow belt. If there are minor mistakes, they will not be forgiven, and they will be lashed out. As a result, as many as two hundred people perished, accumulating grievances and suffering, and committing this murderous conspiracy.” (Quoted from North Korea’s "Li Dynasty Records · Zhongzong Records") The maids who have no power to bind the chicken dare to rebel (it can be seen that they are forced to rush). It is really scary to impose a "proletarian dictatorship" on the emperor in a riotous way. Before that, assassins were generally used as assassins. It is a reckless man like Jing Ke.
As for the jealousy and deceit between the concubines, it is even more commonplace. The deep palace is like the sea, how many shameful things are hidden? The emperor, the emperor, even his backyard is not well prepared, how can he effectively renovate the country?
The Ming Dynasty even used the burial system of minority concubines in the Jin and Yuan periods. (It was not until the death of Yingzong that the edict was abolished), this was something that the emperors of Han, Tang and Song dared not do. Dongjing in the southeast of the De Tomb of the Ming Tombs and Xijing in the northwest of Dingling (locally known as Dong and Xi Niangniang Palace), there are still red-pink walls and green glazed tiles, which are the burial sites of Emperor Yongle's concubines. It was cruel enough to choose such a beautiful and vivid victim. When the emperor died, his greed for female sex was not weakened, and he packed and taken away living people as jewelry and jade.
In the darkness of the court, those who are not on the scene cannot have the pain of the skin. Most people visit the Forbidden City out of curiosity about the luxury and wealth above all living beings. They are more interested in the emperor’s three meals a day, morning and evening parties, and even night dreams (it is best to list a full schedule), especially some romantic affair such as "dragon and phoenix".
A group of "superfluous people" in the Ming Tombs
Through the Forbidden City, you can get a detailed understanding of the emperor’s life (including his quality of life); but if you want to fully understand the emperor’s death (including his concept of death), then Should go to the Ming Tombs. Only in the Ming Tombs, you can most strongly realize that the emperor will also die. The emperor is dead!
So after visiting the Forbidden City, it is best to take a ride to see the Ming Tombs. This is an ancient route. If you are unreasonably jealous of the emperor’s luxurious life, in front of his grave, mentallyThere will be a slight balance: after all, he has surrendered everything he once had, even if it was reluctant. He surrendered money, beauties, palaces, and mountains, he surrendered BMW, fertile fields, decayed grass, and setting sun, he surrendered the jade seal, surrendered power...all those who were looted, conquered, and occupied, Will be returned. All myths will be shattered, and the sun rises as usual every day.
On both sides of the Shenlu of the Ming Tombs, there is a group of stone statues that look at each other and greet each other: there are two pairs of lions, 獬豸, camels, elephants, unicorns, and horses (in standing and sitting positions), as well as military commanders, civil servants, 12 Lords. A guard of honor at the funeral has been carrying out a sacred mission since the tenth year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty (1435): to guard the emperor’s ghost . So far, no one has changed their guards and called out the password to disband; no matter how tired and hard they are, they must persist.
passed through the middle of this huge figure and could detect the gaze. Even if you are not aware that you are reviewing the past, you can feel that you are accepting the review of the past. To be honest, I am more nervous and more missionary than these fossilized guards. Even if the emperor
is dead, I don't want to be his neighbor, so let him continue to be alone. Since he had enjoyed the noisy and bustling life during his lifetime, he should enjoy the loneliness. Let his wandering soul always accompany the stone men and beasts on both sides of the road of God.
Qin Shihuang repaired the tomb of Lishan and killed the artisans, so all the secrets are known only by the silent terracotta warriors. is in the Ming Tombs, on the side of Zhaoling, there is Crescent City-commonly known as "dumb courtyard". After the mysterious palace was closed, designers and decorators were locked up here, forced to take medicine, and all became dumb, unspeakable. is said to be very effective in preventing tomb robbery. From this,
is associated with the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin in Lintong, Shaanxi, and the famous "underground army" that surrounds it.
All emperors are full of fear of death. Even after death, bodyguards of all kinds are needed-made of clay, pottery, or carved from stone... They are superfluous to the living world, but are necessary comforts for the emperor's "dead soul". After all, soil and stone are more tame and closer to eternity than flesh and blood. The terracotta warriors will not rebel. Even, they will not protest from the pottery figurines of Qin Shihuang to the stone statues of the Ming Tombs, with their closed lips, singing a song of silent bodyguards, a silent chorus, and a group of annotations of the feudal era. Dumb singer.
The imperial mausoleum
elsewhere was the only way for most emperors in the Ming Dynasty from the Forbidden City to the Ming Tombs, except for .
One is Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang , buried under Nanjing Zijin Mountain (called "Xiaoling"); is Emperor Jianwen , defeated by his uncle Yan Wang Zhu Di (later Emperor Yongle), Nanjing City After the break, the whereabouts are unknown (it is said to be hanged in the sea of fire), it can be said that there is no place to be buried; the third of is the seventh generation of Jingtai emperor (Dai Zong), and the restored Yingzong ("The Change of Civilization" was captured by the Mongolian Cavalry. (Return) launched a court coup and strangled him and was buried in the north Jinshankou of Yuquan Mountain. The cemetery reserved in the Ming Tombs area during his lifetime was abolished (people are not as good as the sky). This semi-finished product was converted into Guangzong Zhu Changluo after more than a hundred years Qingling at last did not cause waste.
Zhu Di, who won the crown of Emperor Wen, moved his capital to Beijing and built the Forbidden City. When he was prestigious and enjoyed the glory and wealth, he had prepared for death in advance and built a luxurious mausoleum under Tianshou Mountain in Changping, northwestern suburbs. The mausoleum is not inferior to Taizu's Xiaoling in terms of scale and momentum. The treasure city of Changling (including the city wall, tombs, and square city) and the underground palace started in the seventh year (1400) after Zhu Di became the throne, and was completed four years later. The main facility on the ground, En Temple (for sacrificial purposes), is the largest and complete Ming Dynasty building preserved in Beijing today. It is also one of the largest existing wooden structures in my country. Its east-west length and posture are even higher than those of the Palace of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. It was also cramped.
Mr. Xu Daling admired that Changling had the longest Shinto, the largest pavilion and stele, the largest Xiangdian and the largest treasure city in the Ming Tombs. He also made a joke: " about Zheng He's voyages to the West The purpose of is not so much to send Zheng He overseas to find Emperor Jianwen, as it is to "promote national prestige" and "get treasures overseas". It is more credible. wants to unearth a copy of "Yongle Dadian" from Changling in the future "This is unlikely, but it was discovered from Changling, Jingling and Xianling that Zheng He had brought back from overseasIt’s very possible that the jewels and spices of this kind. "
Zhu Di is the No. 2 figure of Ming Dynasty second only to the founding king Zhu Yuanzhang. He belongs to the king of entrepreneurship, "Jing Nan" (capture of power), moving the capital, guarding the border, and expedition (he died on the way of the Northern Expedition to Tartary and Wala) Even repairing the mausoleum is all in pursuit of "the greatness of life and the glory of death." The Changling is a monument. Around the Changling, there are twelve tombs, all of which are the descendants and descendants of Zhu Di's dragon. They inherited successively. Zhu Di’s heritage, the Forbidden City and the Golden Luang Temple, not only imitated his life, but also his death. They all made great efforts to build mausoleums and gathered treasures for burial. I wish I could take away all the golden jade and silk satin of the world. .
The treasure of Changling is still a mystery , and the Dingling of Emperor Wanli was excavated in 1956, and a large number of burial objects were unearthed: 160 pieces of light brocade material, and the emperor’s crown and dragon robe were embroidered with gold silk and gold thread. Woven, even the queen's phoenix crown is extraordinary, inlaid with more than 100 gems and more than 5,000 pearls. In comparison, even the king of Yan looks like a pauper.
Dingling is still in the middle of the Ming Tombs On a large scale, a piece of stone (3 feet long and 5 feet thick) used to make alchemy was transported from the big stone nest in the southwest of Fangshan, and it was dragged by 20,000 porters for 28 days (see He Shengrui's "The Construction of the Two Palaces") .It can be imagined how much manpower it consumes.
also has Yuling, Maoling, Tailing, Kangling, Yongling, Zhaoling, Qingling, Deling, etc... According to historical records: a smaller Xianling Employed 230,000 soldiers and craftsmen. Jingling, the smallest of the former twelve tombs, also used 100,000. Every time a tomb is built, countless craftsmen will be exhausted to death. For example, in the process of repairing the tomb, Zhu Di once sent someone to The Tianshoushan construction site reads the sacrificial text he wrote to show his comfort, which is evident.
※ Excerpted from Hong Zhu’s "Beijing: The Past of the Imperial City" ("Beijing: The South of the City" sister article, China Map Publishing House).
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