Huang Jie
For more than 20 years, this field has always been regarded as synonymous with innovation and vitality, wealth and legend. Researchers, academics, industry, and computing practitioners continue to break the shackles in a limited time, expand the boundaries of the computing world, and create one myth after another. The founder of all this is Alan Turing, a pioneer of computing science known as the "Father of Computers" and "Father of Artificial Intelligence". He established a modern computer and artificial intelligence theoretical system, which is changing tenfold in the computer industry. His historical picture always occupies a place, and the "Turing Prize" established in his name by later generations is known as the Nobel Prize in computer science. The British film "The Imitation Game" was adapted from the biography "The Biography of Alan Turing". His stunning talent and death in his prime gave his personal life a mysterious and legendary color.
A genius young man, extraordinary youth
Turing was born on June 23, 1912 in London, England. His grandfather had an honorary degree in mathematics from Cambridge University, but his father's mathematics was mediocre. Therefore, Turing's family education did not help much in his future achievements in mathematics and computers.
According to his mother's memory, when he was 3 years old, little Turing conducted his first experiment, trying to break off the small arms and legs of a toy wooden figure and plant it in the garden, waiting for more wooden figures to grow. Even playing football with children, he also gave up the showy thing of the current forward scoring goals, and only likes to patrol the side of the field, because this can have the opportunity to calculate the angle of the ball flying out of the boundary. His teacher thought: "Turing's mind can jump like a kangaroo." Turing is a genius.
In 1931, Turing received a scholarship from King's College, Cambridge University after graduating from Sherburne Middle School. In 1934, he graduated with honors in mathematics. After graduating from university, Turing went to Princeton University to study for a doctorate. In 1936, Turing proposed the two concepts of "algorithm" and "computer" in his important paper "On Computable Numbers and Its Application in Decision Problems", and proved what is now called "Turing Machine" Abstract devices are capable of solving any imaginable mathematical problems expressed in mathematical expressions. To this day, the "Turing machine" is still the central topic of computational theory. Two years later, the 26-year-old Turing rejected the Princeton position offered by von Neumann and returned to Cambridge to teach. The following year, World War II began.
puzzle solving World War II, the road to masters
Just as Turing's theoretical research work further deepened, World War II broke out. He was sent to Bletchley Manor. In this secluded Victorian building, on the surface, birds and flowers are fragrant, and people are rare. In fact, more than 12,000 people work here day and night to undertake wartime intelligence deciphering work. Various barracks were even built inside the manor. The "Wooden House No. 8" Turing was assigned was mainly dedicated to cracking the Enigma cipher machine that was once considered completely unbreakable by the German Navy.
Here, Turing is called "Professor" and no one knows his real name. He led about 200 capable personnel in cryptanalysis, including chess champion Alexander. The analysis and calculation work is very complicated, 26 letters can replace 8 trillion puzzle letters in the "Enigma" machine. If you change the wiring, the change will exceed 2.5 quadrillion. Finally, thanks to his Polish colleagues who provided a real "Enigma", Turing used his genius to design a deciphering machine. This machine is mainly composed of relays. It also uses 80 electronic tubes. The password is directly read by a photoelectric reader. It can read 2000 characters per second. It clicks and clicks when it runs. It was dubbed "Robinson" by Turing, and no one can understand how Turing directs its work. However, "Robinson" is indeed very powerful. Under its secret report, the German plane has repeatedly fallen into a trap, and there is no place to die.
In 1945, Turing came to the National Institute of Physics as a senior researcher with the Medal of Honor awarded by the British Empire. Two years later, Turing wrote an internal report and proposed the concept of "automatic procedures". Thanks to Bletchley’s experience, Turing submitted a design proposal for an "automatic computer" and led a group of outstanding electronic engineers to start making a nameA new type of computer called ACE. It uses about 800 tubes and costs about 40,000 pounds. In 1950, the ACE computer turned out to play some "tricks" for interested people, and won bursts of applause. Turing said when introducing ACE’s memory device: “It can easily memorize 10 pages of a book.” Obviously, ACE was already one of the fastest and most powerful electronic computers in the world at that time, Turing’s Work opens a door to automation and intelligence for the computer field.
died young, the end of the mystery
In 1951, Turing was elected as a member of the Royal Society for his outstanding contributions. As his career entered its glory, disaster struck. In 1952, Turing was arrested by the police because he was a homosexual. Like some other intelligent figures, Turing is also "different" in his personal lifestyle. At that time, people were not as tolerant of homosexuality as they are now, but regarded this behavior as a sin against common morals.
On March 31, 1952, Turing was arrested by the police for having an affair with a local young man in Manchester. In court, Turing neither denied nor defended himself. In the solemn court, he solemnly told people that his behavior was not wrong, and he was found guilty. Between imprisonment and treatment, Turing chose to inject hormones to treat the so-called "sexuality inversion." After that, Turing began to study biology and chemistry, and also had a deep relationship with a psychologist. At that time, his temper had become irritable and his personality was even more gloomy and eccentric.
On June 8, 1954, Turing was 42 years old, just at the peak of his most brilliant creation. One morning, the housekeeper walked into his bedroom and found that the lamp was still on and there was an apple on the head of the bed. She only bit a little bit. Turing was sleeping on the bed, everything was the same as usual. But this time, Turing fell asleep forever and would not wake up again... After an autopsy, the forensic doctor concluded that it was highly toxic cyanide to death. The apple was soaked in cyanide solution. Turing's mother said that he accidentally got it on while doing a chemical experiment, and her "Allen" had the habit of biting her nails since she was a child. But the outside world said that taking poison to commit suicide, a generation of geniuses passed their lives like this.
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