Source: same boat together Author: Ye Yong
Core Tip: valley text Chiang Kai-shek's most commendable, in April 1955 of orchestrating the assassination of Premier Zhou Enlai's "Kashmir Princess" aircraft incident. Fortunately, Premier Zhou did not take the "Kashmir Princess" due to a temporary change of itinerary. 11 Chinese and foreign journalists from the Chinese delegation attending the Bandung Conference were martyred in a plane crash, shocking the world.
German "Le Monde" reporter Johnny Erin (JohnnyEriing) is my good friend. When I was a guest at his home in Beijing, he proudly let me watch more than 20 Chinese diaries on the bookshelf. He said that he bought it at the Panjiayuan stall in Beijing. I asked him why he kept these diaries? He said that through the diaries of ordinary Chinese, one can understand the real life of the Chinese back then. The
diary is a record of life and history. Especially the diaries of dignitaries are extremely important first-hand historical materials. Let’s take a look at the diaries of the dignitaries of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party-
Visiting "Diary Writer" Hao Baicun in Taipei
This is the seventh time I have been to Taiwan, and I am familiar with Taipei. In the autumn of 2011, I went to the depths of an alley in Taipei and rang the doorbell of General Hao Baicun’s office. After Mr. Hu opened the door, I saw 93-year-old Mr. Hao in a suit and leather tie, wearing a blue and white tie, sitting at the desk waiting for me. This heavyweight senior in Taiwanese politics has a strong spirit, clear thinking, and insists on swimming every day. He talked in front of my camera and tape recorder.
For Hao Baicun, Taiwan’s media usually refer to it as "former chief executive", "KMT gangster" or "general Hao Baicun." Known as the "former President of the Executive Yuan" because he served as the "President of the Executive Yuan" in Taiwan from June 1, 1990 to February 27, 1993; as the "Kuomintang leader" because he served as China from 1993 to 1997 Vice Chairman of the Kuomintang; called Hao Baicun a "general" because he was a "first-level general" and "four-star general" in Taiwan. He served as Taiwan's "commander-in-chief of the army" from March 1978 to November 1981, 1981 He served as Taiwan’s “Chief of Staff of the Ministry of National Defense” from November 1989 to November 1989, and “Minister of National Defense” from December 5, 1989 to June 1, 1990. The three titles
show Hao Baicun's tremendous influence in Taiwan's party, government, and military circles. There is another title frequently seen in the Taiwan media, which has nothing to do with his position-"Father of Hao Longbin." Hao Longbin is the current mayor of Taipei City.
I asked him what he meant by naming his eldest son "Long Bin". He said that "Dragon" is the generation of the Hao family, and the name "Bin" means the combination of civil and martial arts, and the combination of civil and martial arts. Interestingly, the second son of Hao Baicun gave birth to twin sons. According to the Hao family's generation, they were "Han". Hao Baicun named them "Hanwen" and "Hanwu" respectively. From the details of the name, it can be seen that Hao Bai Village is a soldier, but attaches great importance to both civil and military. Hao Bocun himself is both civil and military. He became a "writer" in his later years and published many important works in succession, which has a wide influence in Taiwan. Being able to publish so many books is due to his habit of keeping a diary for many years.
Chiang Kai-shek has the habit of writing a diary. I once checked the diary of Chiang Kai-shek in the archives of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. Chiang Kai-shek's diaries from 1917 to 1975 are completely preserved and become important historical materials. I saw that his diary was written upright in a special diary book with a brush. Whether in the military camp or visiting various places, he kept writing down the diary every day. Even the temperature and climate of the day were meticulously written down. . In his diary, in addition to recording daily whereabouts, official duties, and meeting guests, he also wrote down his thoughts and various opinions.
Chiang Kai-shek asked his son Jiang Jingguo to also develop the habit of keeping a diary. The Hoover Institution of Stanford University also houses Jiang Jingguo's diaries from 1937 to 1979. Chiang Kai-shek also asked his subordinates to develop the habit of keeping a diary. Hao Baicun said, “When it comes to Jiang Gong’s diary, I have a cordial feeling. From 1965 to 1971, I served as Jiang’s chief guard and served as a servant for nearly two thousand days in six years. Every new year, I Received the same diary as Jiang Gong, so he also developed the habit of writing diary. At the end of each year, Jiang Gong personally sealed the diary of that year with kraft paper and ordered me to deliver it to Mr. Jing Guo. Of course, I have never read it.content. "
Actually, Hao Bocun had the habit of keeping diaries before he served as Chiang Kai-shek's chief guard. Hao Bocun’s diaries for many years have become a rich treasure house and an important historical archive of Taiwan’s political arena. After Hao retired, he devoted himself to the study and kept introducing new ones. With the help of the publishing house, Hao’s diary was systematically sorted and published, or the diary was used as the material and Hao’s dictation was added to write a special book. In his later years, Hao Baicun became a "diary writer."
Hao Baicun’s in Kinmen The diary was organized and published as "August 23 Artillery Battle Diary". At first, because part of the content was a sensitive topic at the time, only 300 copies were printed and distributed in Taiwan’s senior executives. In 1995, Hao Baicun published "Do Not Fear" A book, in addition to the entire contents of "August 23 Artillery Battle Diary", it also includes articles on military affairs, government affairs, and party affairs of Hao Bo Village.
Based on Hao Bo Village’s diary as the dean of the “Executive Yuan,” recalls and dictates, Written by Ms. Wang Lixing of the World Culture Publishing House, the book "Wonderful: Hao Bo Village's Political Journey" was published in 1994 and published as many as 180,000 copies.
Hao Bocun’s 8 years as the chief of staff diary was due to his relationship with Jiang Jingguo Close contact, first extracted the content about Jiang Jingguo, published the book "Mr. Jingguo's Old Years in the Diary of General Manager Hao" in 1995, and then published the "Diary of the Chief of Staff for Eight Years" in 2000, with a thick upper and lower two Large volume.
Hao Bocun’s diary during his tenure as chief guard of Chiang Kai-shek has not yet been published, but the important new book "Hao Bocun's Interpretation of Jiang Gong’s Diary 1945~1949" launched in June 2011 has aroused wide readers’ interest. Choose from 1945 to Interpretation of Chiang Kai-shek’s diary in 1949 requires enough courage for Hao Baicun, because it was the period from 1945 to 1949 that Chiang Kai-shek went down from prosperity and was finally expelled from the mainland by Mao Zedong and retreated to Taiwan for 5 years. In Hao’s words Said it was 5 years from the victory of the Anti-Japanese War to the defeat of the mainland. Hao Bocun faced the embarrassing 5 years of Chiang Kai-shek and the 5 years of failure, interpreting it from a neutral standpoint, clarifying historical facts, and summing up lessons. He was 90 years old and spent Writing this book for more than 4 years is commendable. Hao Bocunxun called him "foresight after the fact", and this "foresight" after the fact is a reflection on history.
Hao Bocun recalled that in 1945, he A 26-year-old young military officer experienced the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing and the whole country carnival. In 1949, it was the year when the mainland’s "rebellion" was completely defeated. He was the chief of staff general Gu Zhu's colonel's entourage staff and returned. In Chongqing, on December 10 of that year, Jiang Gong, the president, flew away from Chengdu and the mainland, when he was 30 years old. The five-year experience is unforgettable for Hao Baicun. He said, as far as the Kuomintang is concerned The old generation of parties did not fully tell the truth, and the younger generation has no way to investigate this. Because of this, he interprets Chiang Kai-shek’s five-year diary as a personal witness. He said that the historical context and causality Must exist , Will not lose inheritance or change traces due to time. Undoubtedly, Jiang's personal diary is an important basis for tracing the historical truth of that period.
Hao Baicun also pointed out, "The five-year history is the basis for determining the situation in the Taiwan Strait. The development of cross-strait relations and the complete settlement of problems cannot be separated from this basis. The umbilical cord can be cut, but the blood relationship cannot be interrupted." In other words, if you understand the five-year history, you will understand why the two sides of the strait are one China-"blood relationship cannot be interrupted."
The diaries of Zhang Xueliang, Yan Xishan, and Dai Li
Among the Kuomintang officials, many people write diaries. These diaries have become important historical materials in modern Chinese history and contemporary history.
Zhang Xueliang has the habit of keeping a diary. On October 19, 1946, the Military Statistics Bureau secretly transferred Zhang Xueliang from Chongqing to Taiwan by special plane under Chiang Kai-shek's secret order. On December 15, 1946, the Chairman of Taiwan Province Chen Yi went to Hsinchu to visit Zhang Xueliang who was under house arrest. Zhang Xueliang was still full of feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and told Chen Yi about the historical crux of China and Japan and his views on future development. Zhang Xueliang wrote in his diary: "He has a deep understanding and special insights on Sino-Japanese issues. It is said that Yoshida Shoin's advocacy of the Japanese king and the idea of swallowing flowers, and the conspiracy of Ito Hirobumi and Goto Shinpei to swallow flowers, are regarded as Japan The idea of aggression against China is difficult to eradicate at the moment, and the United States will be deceived by the Japanese. It is said that China and Japan will become a federation 30 years later, but if the Chinese themselves are not self-reliant, they are afraidMost of the regime fell into the hands of the Japanese. "This clearly shows that 10 years after the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang remained highly vigilant about the resurrection of Japanese militarism.
In January 1949, Chiang Kai-shek announced that he would go down and Li Zongren would be acting president. Li immediately began peace talks with the Chinese Communist Party and published eight items. Among the propositions, there were "release political prisoners" and proposed to restore the freedom of Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. On January 25, Zhang Xueliang read 8 propositions from the "Report" given by guard Liu Yiguang. Zhang Xueliang wrote in his diary: "23rd" According to the declaration, the government has ordered Yu and Yang Hucheng to restore freedom. "
Yan Xishan had the habit of writing diaries in his early years. When he flew out of Taiyuan on April 11, 1949, his diary from 1931 to 1944 was left in Taiyuan in 16 volumes. Yan Xishan's diary was blue and red. Ge Xuan paper, transcript with brush. These diaries were edited by Shanxi Provincial Local Records Office and Shanxi Provincial Political Consultative Conference Literature and History Materials Committee in 2010, and published by Social Science Literature Publishing House. The book contains more than 600,000 words.
Yan Xishan wrote the diary The method is also different from others. According to Mr. Li Liaoyuan, a former secretary of Yan Xishan, who lived in Shanxi and was nearly 90 years old, he recalled that most of Yan Xishan's diaries were not written by himself, but dictated by him and recorded by the secretary. It can be roughly divided into six categories: one is the record of important events; the second is the record of important letters; the third is the record of important documents; the fourth is the record of Yan Xishan’s own poems; the fifth is the record of feelings, epigrams and arguments; the sixth is family affairs, Records of political affairs and dreams.
Li Liaoyuan said that around 1941, when he was only 16 years old, he was once responsible for recording Yan Xishan’s dictation diary. He recalled that Yan Xishan’s dictation diary was irregular in time and number, maybe one day Say a few paragraphs, or say one paragraph in ten days or eight days. Yan said two paragraphs, he immediately wrote them down in the notebook, and then read them to Yan Xishan. If there is no problem, he would hand them over to the transcription secretary and transcribe them with a brush His 16-cart red vertical grid rice paper diary.
Yan Xishan worked carefully. He was afraid that his diary would be lost in the war, so he asked someone to copy it. So although one of his diary from 1931 to 1944 was left in Taiyuan (Known as "Liu Jin Ben"), but he took another copy to Taiwan (known as "Liu Taiwan Ben"). Because Yan Xishan had made changes to the diary, so "Liu Jin Ben" and "Liu Taiwan Ben" "There are slight differences in individual texts.
On June 13, 1949, during the precarious days of the Kuomintang regime, Yan Xishan was sworn in as "President of the Executive and Minister of Defense" in Guangzhou. On June 24, 1949, he lamented in his diary. "Since I arrived in Guangzhou, I have learned about national affairs and Japan. Because of factional disputes, small organization disputes, and regional disputes within the party. The region has a North-South dispute, a Northwest dispute, a Northeast dispute, and a Southeast dispute. It is unreasonable to argue that people are bad, and reasonable to say that they are good. Don't talk about how things are done, just talk about how people use..."
Yan Xishan retired to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek on December 8, 1949, and Yan Xishan resigned as "President of the Executive Yuan and Minister of Defense" on March 6, 1950. He had no power and power. Without soldiers, in order not to attract Chiang Kai-shek’s attention as much as possible, he hid in the extremely remote Jingshan Mountain of Yangming Mountain and spent the rest of his life. On May 23, 1960, Yan Xishan drove a crane west at the age of 78.
Jingshan, visited Yan Xishan’s little-known former residence and cemetery, and found that Yan Xishan’s tombstone was engraved with a diary!
In Taiwan, I also noticed that the military commander Dai Li also kept diaries, some of which have been made public and available for use. Check it out. Dai Li died in an air crash on March 17, 1946. Mao Renfeng, the secretary of the Military Statistics Bureau, read Dai Li's diary carefully, and see the diary mentioning: "Guo Tongzhen reads a lot, so it's useful. "Who is Guo Tongzhen? It is said that Guo Tongzhen joined the Communist Party of China that year, served as the secretary of the Peking Student Movement Committee of the Communist Party of China, and was transferred to the 115th Division of Lin Biao of the Eighth Route Army as the reconnaissance battalion leader. Later he was arrested and imprisoned. Dai Li’s appreciation was appointed as the “leader of the special service team in Peking.” After Dai Li’s death, the military command was changed to the Bureau of Secrets, and Mao Renfeng was appointed as the director. Because of the words in Dai Li’s diary that spoke highly of Guo Tongzhen, Mao Renfeng reused Guo Tongzhen. Guo Tongzhen has seven or eight pseudonyms, and the most used one is Gu Zhengwen. After Gu Zhengwen came to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, he became the pillar of the Taiwan Security Bureau and was directly assigned to Chiang Kai-shek. Gu Zhengwen was most praised by Chiang Kai-shek in April 1955. May orchestrated the assassination of Premier Zhou Enlai’s "Kashmir Princess" aircraft incident. Fortunately, Premier Zhou did not take the "Kashmir Princess" due to temporary changes in itinerary.“Princess Ashmir” and 11 Chinese and foreign journalists from the Chinese delegation attending the Bandung Conference were martyred in a plane crash, shocking the world.
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