(Women Talking about History-Issue 1229)
Sima Qian wrote five famous assassins in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in "Historical Assassins Biography", namely Cao Mo, Zhuan Zhu, Yu Rang, Nie Zheng, and Jing Ke. But the famous assassins of that period were not only these five people, but they were also as famous as them, such as Yili. His personal martial arts and legendary experience were not inferior to the above five people, and he and the experts were still contemporaries ( The time difference between the two assassinations was only two years). Especially, if you want to stay away from Zhuanzhu or serve the same object, this person is Wu Wanghelu. As a well-known assassin, Zhuanzhu and Yaoli successfully assassinated a strong enemy for Wu Wanghelu. Why was Zhuanzhu written in "Records of the History" by Sima Qian, but Yaoli was not written in, why he was written by Sima Qian Ignore?
(1) Why Wu Wanghelu hired an assassin to kill
First of all, we must start with the common service object of the two people, that is, their master Wu Wanghelu. Who is Wu Wanghelu? What are the qualifications to take advantage of the two superb killers at that time? Historically, it seems that his son is even more famous. His son is Wu Wang Fucha, who fought with the Yue King for a lifetime during the Wu Yue hegemony during the Spring and Autumn Period. However, the reason why Wu was able to compete with Yue for hegemony was because Wu Wanghelu laid a strong foundation for Wu. Therefore, in a sense, Helv is even worse.
In fact, Helv is better than Biff. At the beginning, Helu was also an influential figure, and even the throne was taken from others (and Fucha only inherited the throne from his father Helu). Originally, the king of Wu at the time was Wang Lao Wu. The Helu faction assassinated Wang Lao and grabbed the throne; then, in order to consolidate his throne, he sent Yaoli to assassinate Wang Lao Wu's son Qingji.
From this point of view, if you don’t know how to assassinate Wang Lao Wu, Helu will not get the throne; if you don’t want to assassinate Qingji, Helu’s throne may not be preserved, because the son of Wang Lao Wu, Qingji, is very brave and he must resolutely regain what he “should” belong to him. thing. In this case, the effects of Zhuan Zhu and Wang Li are comparable. Why did Sima Qian write Zhu Zhu but not Wang Li?
is very important because of Sima Qian's preference. Throughout the five characters in "The Assassin's Biography", from Cao Mo to Jing Ke, all Sima Qian likes and appreciates. Obviously, Sima Qian did not like to leave. Why? They are all murderous assassins. Is there any difference between Zhuo Zhu and Yao Li?
(2) The motives for the assassination of Zhanzhu and Yaoli are different.
It is said that Zhanzhu and Yaoli have many similarities before becoming famous. For example, they are from poor people. All butchers who kill pigs are just ordinary people with low status. The two have one thing in common, that is, both have excellent skills. Zhuan Zhu Zi is burly in stature and as powerful as an ox; but to Li, despite his short stature and thin waist, as thin as a rope, his kung fu is also very good, and both of them can be called warriors at the time.
is just because of this, they will be regarded by the same pair of eyes, he is Wu Zixu . Wu Zixu is their common Bole. Wu Zixu was an aristocrat from the Chu Kingdom. He came to Wu for political asylum and was treated favorably by the Wu court, especially Gong Ziguang (Helv). In order to repay Young Master Guang, he recommended two warriors for Helv, namely Zhu He wants to leave. Therefore, Zhuan and Yaoli can also be described as "teaching out of the same door." But after they each completed a shocking feat, Zhuan Zhu was recorded in the annals of history by Sima Qian, but Yaoli was left out. The first reason for
is that they have different motives for the assassination. Sima Qian commented on the five assassins in his writing at the end of "The Biography of the Assassins": " is from Cao Mo to Jingke. The meaning may or may not be successful. However, the intention is relatively clear, and the ambition is not deceived and . Hereafter, it's arrogant!" He meant that these five assassins were all righteous men, and they all had a strong spirit of supporting the weak and saving danger, defying violence, and putting life and death out of the way for the purpose of assassination. The essence of the spirit is "the scholar dies for the confidant".
The reason why Sima Qian recorded these five people in the annals of history for commendation is that they are all people who speak "righteousness", are the embodiment of "people who die for confidants", and are warriors who are not afraid of death. and "righteousness" first manifests itself in the justice of what is done. At this point, the justice of specialization is greater than the separation.
Although Gongziguang (that is, Helu) killed the king of Wu to usurp the throne, thisOne point Sima Qian admitted, and he called it "fixing Wu to usurp the throne"; but he first pointed out that this was "fixing Wu". What do you mean? Of course it is praise. Because according to the throne succession system at the time, Helu was even more legal to inherit the throne than Wu Wangliu.
Helv’s father is the king of Wu, Zhufan . Zhufan has three younger brothers: the second younger brother Yu Ji, the third younger Yi, and the fourth younger Ji Zha. Wu Wang Zhufan did not have a prince at the time. He wanted to pass the throne to his younger brother according to the rules at the time, that is, pass it to the second brother first, and then pass it to the third brother if the second brother died, and so on, and finally pass it to the fourth brother Ji. Zha. But the fourth child was not interested in politics, and when the third child passed the throne to him, he gave up and went into seclusion. At this time, according to the rules, it was the turn of the boss, the son of Wu Wang Zhufan, to the throne. But at this time, 's old Sanyi's son got the throne from his father, and he was Wu Wangliu. violated the rule of succession to the throne at that time. He Lu was naturally dissatisfied in his heart, so he tried to get rid of King Wu and become King Wu himself.
Therefore, at that time, the son-in-law instructed Zhu Zhu to assassinate the king of Wu. Although it was suspected of usurping the throne, it was still a bit just, that is, what Sima Qian called "Ding Wu". But later he sent Li to assassinate Wu Wanglio's son Qingji again, which seemed unjust.
This is a bit cruel at first. You Helu killed your own cousin and became king, forget it, and then kill your son. Isn't it a bit of a slaughter? This is the same as Li Shimin's killing of his brother. If you kill Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji for the throne, it is excusable, then killing all the brothers' children would be too inhumane? This is actually the biggest reason why Li Shimin was criticized by posterity. The same is true of
Wu Wanghelu. It was a bit unpopular for him to kill Qingji, the son of Wu Wangliu. Besides, Qing Ji is also a rare hero. He was known as the "No. 1 Warrior in the World" in history. He could take flying arrows empty-handed. He was brave and resourceful, especially since he was more benevolent and very resourceful. Have a mind. He Lu was jealous of his cousin, and he was afraid that Qing Ji would seize his throne again. For the assassin to leave, if you kill Qingji, you will look black and white and lack justice.
Also, before Zhuan Zhu killed Wang Liao Wu, He Lu treated Zhuan Zhu very well and treated him as a guest of honor. And when he knew that Zhuanzhu was a filial son, he respected and treated Zhuanzhu's mother very much. Zhuo Zhu feels his kindness deeply, so he must repay the son of light with his death-this is "the person who died for the confidant".
but to leave is not the case. When Wu Zixu recommended him to Helu, Helu didn't believe him at first, because he was too thin and said that he "can't raise his arms with a sword, and a car can't climb his feet." It's because I want to express myself and actively want to kill others. In other words, when Helu hadn't regarded Qili as a confidant, he decided to kill. This goes against Sima Qian's idea of "the scholar dies for his confidant".
(3) The difference between preparations and pre-costs before the assassination and the pre-assassination
Both of them will have to pay a heavy price to perform the task, not only their own lives, but also the lives of their family members. But the two people paid very differently. To focus on benevolence and righteousness comes first; to leave is not.
is not like Jing Ke, a bachelor, he can go out to do errands without considering family factors, he will die when he is dead. Zhuanzhu, Nie Zheng, and Yaoli are different. They all have a home. It’s okay to stab at both sides for friends, and go through fire and water for the country and the people. But how to solve family problems before you act is very important. Obviously, Zhuan Zhu is the same as Nie Zheng: I can die for my friends without blinking my eyes; but, after I die, what will my old lady do?
Who can be ruthless if people are not plants? So Zhuanzhu, like Nie Zheng, chose the method that friends are important but mothers are more important. Mother is here, I don't do it, not because I dare not die, but I can't die. Therefore, Nie Zheng waited until his mother died before going to death. Zhuanzhu is the same, mother is here, not to die. But unlike Nie Zheng, when Zhuan Zhu's mother knew that her son did not help her friends because of her filial piety, understood righteousness and hanged herself. so after his mother died, he specializes in shooting. He is a benevolent and filial leader, Sima Qian agrees.
and want to leave? There is no record in history that his mother may have passed away. So he doesn't need to care about his mother. But he has a wife and children. How did he treat his wife and children before acting? Not only did he not consider the future of his family after his death, but he also directly regarded them as a substituteGhost, kill it first. Where does start? For the purpose of assassination,
must first penetrate into Qingji's interior, and then wait for the opportunity to start. In order to gain the trust of the other party, he sacrificed his wife and son. He found Wu Wanghelu and said, you cut off one of my arms and then killed my wife and children; then I betrayed you and went to join Qingji, so Qingji would definitely not doubt me anymore.
Although Wu Wanghelu is cruel, he still talks about benevolence and morality. He said, "You help me get rid of the enemy, how can I bear to kill your wife and children? Isn't this putting me in a place of injustice?"
replied: "As a warrior, how can I I just know how to enjoy the warmth of the family? The king only needs to bury them after I come back!"
"The minister hears the happiness of his wife, and he does not do his best for the king, and he is not loyal; he has the love of the family and he does not. Except for the patients of the emperor, it is not righteous. The minister deceived and ran away with guilt. May the king kill his wife and cut off his right hand, and he must believe in the minister! "-"Lu Shi Chun Qiu"
Wu Wang is very moved to leave My buddy was loyal, and agreed to pay attention. Thus, Helu and Yaoli played a bitter trick.
In the court hall that day, Wu Wanghelu looked at Yaoli dismissively and said: "Widows have to be separated to watch, not as good as a child, how can we be up to the task of crusade against Chu State! Besides, Wu State has just settled down. How can you use soldiers to fight at will!" Yaoli said, "My lord, you are not merciful at all. Wu Zixu planned for you to win the throne and put down the country of Wu. Don’t you intend to avenge Wu Zixu?"
he After listening to Lu, he was furious and made him push away, break his right arm, and throw him into prison. Then he arrested his wife and children. Later, Wu Zixu designed to escape from prison. King Wu was furious again and ordered his wife and children to be killed, his body burned, and abandoned in the downtown area.
If you want to talk about bitterness, Zhou Yu hits Huang Gai, and one side is willing to fight and the other is willing to suffer. However, the key here is not who fights, but who fights? If you just hit you to get away and break one of your arms, as long as you are willing, that's all, no matter what other people are doing; the key is to get away from yourself if you hit you, and if you hit others, if you want to get away from doing it It's authentic. He also killed his wife and son, and came here to burn the corpse. It was too cruel to violent the corpse in the city. It was not only cruel, but also wanted to leave.
If you say that this is my wife and child, I kill if I want to kill, you can control it? Besides, killing them for the sake of big things is called selflessness. This is wrong. It is your wife and children, but they are also human beings. Everyone has the right to be a human being and has the right to live. Why should you let people die? This is not only not selfless, there is no righteousness at all! Such an inhumane fellow, Mr. Sima Qian of course would not be sure of him. No matter how lofty your intentions of killing are, will do whatever it takes to achieve the goal.
looked at Zhuan Zhu in turn, he did not do anything until his mother died. But the history books did not record how he arranged the fate of his wife and children before the assassination. However, it can be inferred from the only historical data that he did not act on his wife and children. There is such a record in historical books that although Zhuan Zhu is a fierce man, he is very afraid of his wife.
said that one day, when I was selling pork on the street, I encountered a big man buying meat. The two quarreled a few words during the bargaining. They were both bloody men, and they fought each other. Both of them are big and round, and everyone else dare not speak, no one goes up to fight. Seeing that his life was about to die, Zhuan Zhu’s wife came over, and she only had to say: "Old Master, old child, is this interesting? Get me back!" Zhuan Zhu listened to it, and she stopped immediately. fighting. Of course, the other party is also more acquainted with admiration, and they don't fight anymore. We are too embarrassed to do it again. The fight was very ugly at first, so the two sides obediently truce.
coincided with Wu Zixu passing by. He saw this scene and went up to tease Zhuan Zhu and said, "It looks like this brother is very afraid of his wife, haha!" Zhuan Zhu smiled and said, " is the first daughter Your hands must be stretched above Wanfu!" I am not afraid of my wife, this is called love, do you understand? Only when there is love can you be afraid. Believe it or not, you bring 10,000 people over and challenge me to try and see if I am afraid of them!
cow! Wu Zixu worshipped. The two became close friends. With Wu Zixu's recommendation, the brilliance of Zhu Zhu was achieved.
From this incident, you can infer that Zhuan Zhu may have made arrangements with his wife before acting, either to persuade her to divorce, or to give her enough money to let her go away.Definitely not "killing oneself and becoming benevolent" like going away.
(four) is different from the outcome of the two.
finally faces the assassination target, and the performance of the two is also different. Zhuan Zhu is pretending to be a chef, but he actually learned to be a chef in order to be an assassin. At that time, Helu used a Hongmen banquet to deceive Wang Lao Wu to come to the banquet, waiting for the opportunity to start. He hid the dagger in the grilled fish, and said, please see how the craftsmanship is next. When Wu Wangliu was salivating at the grilled fish, Zhuan Zhu drew a short sword with a fatal blow. Zhuan Zhu was acting under the eyelids of Wang Lao Wu. Despite the disguise, he did it in person. How does
do it? He first used one of his arms and the lives of his wife and children as a "meeting ceremony" to gain Qingji's trust, and became the confidant of the other party, and then waited for his hands. Finally, on the way that Qing Ji led the army to cross the river to attack Wu Wanghelu, he was about to leave. At that time, Li Kao Qingji said: "General, you should sit on the bow yourself. This can boost morale and facilitate the command of the fleet." Qingji, who believes in Li, listened to his opinion and personally got on board. If you want to move away from your head, hold a short spear and stand by. When the
army moved forward mightily, suddenly a strong wind blew on the surface of the river. Qingji's warship was swayed by the wind, and his body also became unstable with the shaking of the hull. So Yili found an opportunity. Taking advantage of the turbulence of the warship, he suddenly raised his short spear behind Qingji, bringing Qingji to his heart! The short spear penetrated into Qingji's heart and pierced out of his back again.
This trick is a bit overcast. Although Zhuan Zhu also used insidious tricks at the time, at least it was done in person, and separation was done behind the scenes. They are all insidious, but the degree of insidency is still different. The result of
was that after Zhuan Zhu's assassination was successful, he was chopped into meat sauce by the guards of Wang Lao Wu; but he did not die immediately. The reason is that Qing Ji is more humane. He didn't die immediately after being stabbed to leave. He endured intense pain and didn't even fall. But he was extremely angry, okay, you villain actually shot me coldly! So he turned around abruptly and grabbed the thin one to leave, like an eagle catching a chick, lifted him upside down and threw him into the river, then fished it out, and threw it in again. Repeating this three times shows how angry he is.
However, Qingji is still very ambitious, he puts his wanton on his knees, and laughed: "Hahahaha, how dare you kill me? You can be considered a man!" At this time, Qingji's entourage was angry. The land is about to be killed, Qing Ji said generously, "Let him go, how can the world die two warriors in one day?" So he let go, and drew out his spear and died generously.
At this time, the shocking thorn that was about to leave was eclipsed. Compared with Qingji's death, Qingji's mind is ashamed of Liying!
So far, all the performance to be separated is actually not important. He became a clown. So Sima Qian didn't bother to record him in the annals of history. In fact, Yaoli felt that he was innocent at the time, so even though Qingji let him go, he was embarrassed to live. So he jumped into the river to commit suicide. But Qing Ji's guards caught him up, and followed Qing Ji's wishes, persuading him to leave the country of Wu to receive the reward. After
was about to leave and return to China, Wu Wanghelu was overjoyed. Of course, he regarded him as a hero, and he wanted to reward him for the appointment. At this time, as a heavyweight killer in history, still showed a manly spirit.
This may be the most shining moment in life. Facing the master's praise and rewards, he couldn't be happy with a trace, but was sorrowful. He refused Wu Wanghelu's award. He said, "Qingji treats me not badly, and I have some reason to kill it; your king, you killed my wife and son, and I will accept your reward again. This is called inhumanity. Third, I killed Qingji for the sake of The people of Wu are no longer suffering from the war. In this way, my mission has been completed, and I have no regrets. So drew out the sword and killed myself.
wanted to leave and say: "Kill my wife, for the sake of my lord, not benevolence; It is not righteous to kill the son of the old gentleman for the new gentleman. Heavy death is not expensive and meaningless. Today I am greedy for life and abandoning deeds. Husband people have three evils to stand in the world, how can I look at the people of the world? "-"Lv's Spring and Autumn"
At this point, I must have understood his own merits and demerits. Although he is meritorious, his sins are first.
can be said to be away at the last moment of his life and complete a gorgeous transformation .If TaxinAfter accepting Wu Wanghelu's reward, he is inferior. But he didn't. So he is also a man.
However, looking at the ins and outs of the assassination of Qing Ji, what he did was still lacking "righteousness" and "benevolence", and he did not scrutinize any means for his purpose, and he was still disdainful. He challenged Sima Qian's ultimate understanding of benevolence, justice, etiquette, wisdom and trust, so even though he finally gave his life tragically, he still cannot be forgiven. But he was still remembered by later generations. His deeds have been recorded in historical books such as "Lu Shi Chun Qiu" and "Wu Yue Chun Qiu".
's evaluation of the separation in "Lu Shi Chunqiu" is: "Leaving is not a reward. Therefore, it is not easy to be profitable, and it can be said to be incorruptible. Therefore, it is not to forget the humiliation of wealth."
This evaluation is more pertinent.
(Text/A Woman Who Speaks of History·Iceland Sipping Ice)
References: "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", "Wu Yue Chun Qiu·Helv Internal Biography", "Historical Records · Biography of the Assassin", etc.
(the circle card has been added here, please check it on the headline client of today)
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