"The Legend of Zhen Huan in the Harem", the costume drama " Miyue Biography " starring Sun Li met with you as scheduled. This time it is no longer a Qing palace drama, and I don't need to keep the fourth master very busy, but jump to Qin Guo all at once. Mi is the surname of the mother of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, , and the number is Mi Bazi, who is called the Empress Dowager Xuan. She is the first female protagonist in the official history of our country to go to court. The title of "Queen Mother" is said to have started from her. The harem is called the court system, which is generally called listening to the government under the curtain. When it comes to listening to politics with a curtain, the Empress Dowager Cixi is always the most frequently mentioned. "Listening to the Government with a Curtain" (1983) directed by Li Hanxiang and makes Liu Xiaoqing, who plays the Empress Dowager Cixi, impressive. In fact, going back, in the long monarchy era, as Zhu Ziyan pointed out in "On the System of Listening to the Government with Curtains", according to incomplete statistics, there were 40 female protagonists in the dynasty: 1 in Qin and 4 in Western Han. , Eastern Han Dynasty 6 people, Northern Wei Dynasty 2 people, 2 people in Tang Dynasty, 9 people in Song Dynasty, 3 people in Liao Dynasty, 11 people in Yuan Dynasty, 2 people in Qing Dynasty.
The Biography of Zhen Huan
The Empress Dowager Xuan opened the harem for the first time in the dynasty
Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor in Chinese history, and the first female protagonist to rule the dynasty also came from Qin. The "one person from the Qin state" in the above refers to the Queen Mother Xuan. The Empress Dowager Xuan was originally from the State of Chu, and later became the concubine of King Huiwen of Qin (356 BC - 311 BC). After the death of King Huiwen, King Wu of Qin came to the throne, but he died because he had no heir before his death, and his younger brothers began to compete for the throne. With the help of Empress Dowager Xuan's half-brother Wei Ran, the son Ji succeeded to the throne, that is, King Zhaoxiang of Qin. Because King Zhaoxiang of Qin was young, Empress Dowager Xuan was in charge, and this rule lasted for about 40 years, during which time Wei Ran and others assisted. During his reign, Ma Feibo, a scholar of the Republic of China, praised the incident of trapping and killing King Yiqu: "The Queen Mother Xuan, with the respect of her mother, eradicated stubborn bandits for the country, and sacrificed her looks to have an affair with King Yiqu. After more than 30 years of conspiracy, the giant leader of the enemy country, which has been a major problem for the Qin people for 200 years, was killed in the palace and on the table. Then he took advantage of the situation to send troops, destroy it in one fell swoop, and take it back. It is a county, so that the Qin people can go eastward and have no worries." After the death of the Empress Dowager Xuan, she was buried in Mount Li in Zhiyang (now Mount Li in Lintong District, Xi'an).
Before there is Lu Zhi, afterward there is Jia Nanfeng
The two Han Dynasty The harem was the first to promote Empress Lu, Sima QianThe poems written by Empress Lu (The Empress Dowager LuThis century), which is tied with other emperors, among them the evaluation of Empress Lu" He was resolute and resolute, and the Emperor Gaozu set the world, and he killed the minister Duolu Houli". It can be seen that Empress Lu got involved in politics when she followed Liu Bang to conquer the world, and killing Han Xin was even more ruthless. After Liu Bang's death, during the period of Emperor Xiaohui and the two young emperors, Empress Lv completely took charge of the government. However, Empress Lv has much less time in power than Empress Dowager Xuan. Moreover, the ending of Empress Lv's death was not very good: in the last years of the new dynasty, the emperor's tomb was excavated by the Chimei Army, and the body of Lu pheasant in the same tomb was insulted.
Empress Lv started, and other empress dowagers of the Han family also repeatedly staged past events. Zhu Ziyan listed the list in (On the Empress System of China): (After Empress Lu) Emperor Wen Empress Dou, Empress Yuan Emperor, Empress Dowager Ai's grandmother Fu Dowager controlled the political power: (Eastern Han) successively there were Emperor Zhang, Empress Dou, and Emperor He. Empress Deng, Empress Andi Yan, Empress Shundi Liang, Empress Huan Li, Empress Ling, Empress He Lin Dynasty called the system. Among them, if the audience has seen Huang Xiaoming starring (The Emperor of the Han Dynasty), they will be familiar with Empress Dou (played by Sally Chen. The empress named Dou Yifang is the wife of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the mother of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. 's grandmother. As depicted in "The Great Han Emperor", Empress Dou liked Emperor Jing's younger brother King Liang very much, and tried to make King Liang succeed the throne many times, without success. After Emperor Wu of Han succeeded to the throne, in order to display his hands and feet more freely, he and Empress Dou launched an open and secret struggle.
"The Son of Heaven" focuses on front-end politics, while " Beauty scheming ", played by Ruby Lin and , is a harem drama. From a civilian girl, to the empress and emperor of the Han Dynasty who are in the mother world Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, she is known as the earliest Cinderella in Chinese history. Coincidentally, Empress Lv entered the palace in her early years and served the Empress Lv. In the dark, it may also be God's will. In the Western Jin Dynasty, , The Queen of Huidi , Jia Nanfeng, is notorious for her dictatorship. She killed the wife of the Queen Mother Yang.The Qi Group formed its own Waiwei Group, which controlled the government for about 10 years. In the end, it aroused resistance because of poisoning the prince, and was eventually poisoned. And Empress Jia is famous in history, but also because of her lewdness.
Wu Zetian Beginning, listening to politics needs a curtain
Readers may have found that from Empress Xuan to Empress Jia, this article is called "the harem is approaching the dynasty", not the now popular "listening to the government with a curtain", this is because: in the Qin and Han dynasties, the harem was approaching There is no record of "draped curtains" in the dynasty. The first time "draped curtains" appeared in the history books was in the period of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. The Queen of Heaven hangs the curtain behind the throne, and all political affairs are predicted, and they are called "two saints" internally and externally. This is the period when Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in China, was still behind the scenes, so it is necessary to "drape the curtain".
The story of Wu Zetian, everyone They are all familiar, so I won't say more. In the Song Dynasty, before Zhenzong Zhao Heng died, because he was young, he appointed Zhang Xianmingsu, Empress Liu to adjudicate on important matters of the court and the military, and was the first empress dowager of the Song Dynasty. , which lasted for 11 years, and was peacefully returned to power under Renzong, which can be described as a good start and a good end. And the "civet cat for the prince" in the folk history, it is this Queen Liu, which may be more familiar to everyone.
The whole and the Song Dynasty During the period, Zhu Ziyan pointed out: "According to the historical facts, among the nine regents of the Song Dynasty, except for Empress Dowager Zhang Xian who ruled for eleven years and Empress Dowager Xuanren for nine years, the other seven queens kept their curtains down, and the longest was only one year. And oneself, at least one day. For example, in the last years of Emperor Guangzong, the Empress Dowager Wu only lowered the curtain for one day. "In the dispute between Song and Liao, Liao Dynasty had an empress dowager who had to be mentioned, that is Empress Dowager Xiao -- Xiao Chuo , also known as Xiao Yanyan , the daughter of the prime minister Xiao Siwen .
because Xiao Siwen supported Liao Jingzong had merit, jingzong elected Xiao Chuo to the palace and named him the queen, and Jingzong was weak and sickly, Xiao Chuo often assisted in handling the affairs of the state. In the end, Jingzong's edict "obey the queen's orders for important military affairs", so after Liao Shengzong succeeded to the throne, Xiao's family As the "Empress Dowager Chengtian", he served as the regent of the dynasty for more than 20 years. The well-known " Chanyuan Alliance " was signed when the Empress Dowager Xiao was in power. The Yang family's story staged here, perhaps the audience It is more familiar. As for the falsehood between fiction and real history, that is radish green vegetables, each has its own love.
Mi Yue biography
The polarized Yuan, Ming
and the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Wu wrote in " The Empress of Mengyuan and Yuan Dynasty Politics compares: "There are 13 emperors in total, but there are as many as 11 queens who seriously interfere in politics. Among them, there are those who rule the country, those who listen to the government under the curtain, and even those who make emperors and dynamites in several dynasties: and the influence of the queen on the government shows a gradual upward trend.
In Hu Wu's opinion, this is mainly because the Yuan Dynasty did not have a perfect system of succession to the throne, so before the death of the previous emperor and the election of the new emperor, the queen could control the government. After the death of Emperor Taizong, Empress Rutregona served as regent for four years.
Why did the harem in the Yuan Dynasty approach the dynasty so frequently? Hu Wu explained, "It reflects the development of Mongolian society. Because Mongolia in the 11th to 13th centuries was in the development stage of patriarchal clans, but still retained many mothers. The remnants of the power system." The Ming Dynasty was completely different. Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang strictly prohibited the harem from interfering in politics, and set rules.
The last empress dowager
With the popularity of various Qing palace dramas, everyone is no stranger to the characters in Qing history. As for the harem, we must first talk about the queen of Xiaozhuang . Readers who have read (Kangxi Dynasty) must appreciate the empress dowager Xiaozhuang played by Siqin Gaowa . Aside from the legends such as the secret history of Xiaozhuang, she has continuously assisted Shunzhi Kangxi, and has a good understanding of the early Qing Dynasty Xiaozhuang made a great contribution to the political situation, but Xiaozhuang did not openly listen to politics. After she arrived at the Empress Dowager Cixi, after the death of Emperor Xianfeng, she launched the "Xinyou coup " and listened to the government under the curtain for the first time, but nominally with the The Empress Dowager Ci'an was in charge of politics together. After Tongzhi took the lead, Cixi moved to the Summer Palace, and the curtain returned to the government. After Tongzhi passed away, Guangxu was young, and the queen mothers of the two palaces once again followed the government, Naturally, Empress Dowager Cixi holds the power. After the failure of the Hundred Days Reform , the power of the Empress Dowager Cixi became more consolidated, and she no longer hangs the curtain. The article "De Zong Depression" in "Qing Barnyard Banknotes, Emperor Delei" says: The first two queens were hanging curtains, Dezong sat in the middle, and the back was covered with a veil, Xiaozhen and Xiaoqin sat opposite each other, Xiaozhen After the collapse, Xiaoqin sat alone in the back, and in the reign of Emperor Guangxu and Wuxu, Xiaoqin and Dezong sat side by side, like two monarchs.
Empress Dowager Cixi
Of course, most people may think that Cixi is the last empress dowager who ruined the Qing Dynasty. In fact, there is another empress dowager Longyu who has to be said. In 1908, Guangxu and Cixi died one after another. The last emperor, Puyi, succeeded to the throne. Empress Dowager Longyu followed the government under the curtain, and jointly handled the government with the regent. Three years later, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, Yuan Shikai forced the palace, and Empress Dowager Longyu presided over the abdication of the Qing emperor. Empress Dowager Longyu may have never thought of it before her death, and the "Edict of Emperor Qing's Abdication", which made her very sad, has now become a "sweet pastry" for academic research.
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