編者按：
馬丁·雅克是劍橋大學政治與國際研究系的高級研究員。在接受聚焦中國（China Focus）的獨家專訪時，馬丁·雅克分享了他對一系列有關中國話題的觀點。本次專訪內容分兩期刊登。在第一期里雅克教授談到了中國過去70年的發展成就、「一帶一路」倡議以及世界將如何從中受益等話題。
Editor's Note: Martin Jacques is a senior fellow at the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge. In this exclusive interview with China Focus, Martin Jacques shared his views on a number of issues affecting China. The interview is set to be published in two parts. In the first part of the interview, Mr Jacques discusses China's development in the last 70 years, the Belt and Road Initiative and how the world has benefitted from China's development.
聚焦中國：今年是中華人民共和國成立70周年，您認為在過去的七十年里中國最大的變化是什麼？世界又是如何從中國的發展中受益的呢？
China Focus: This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). From your own experience, what is the biggest change in China over the past seventy years? How has the world benefited from China's development?
馬丁·雅克：我認為中國最大的變化體現在人民生活水平的提高和經濟規模的增長。在這樣短的時間內取得這樣的成就，真的是人類歷史上最偉大的巨變。中國人口數量約佔世界人口的五分之一。如果中國是一個貧窮的國家，顯然無法對全球經濟做出多少貢獻，也就無法對世界上其他國家有任何貢獻。
Martin Jacques: I think the most remarkable change is the transformation in living conditions and the size of the Chinese economy, which is truly remarkable and the most extraordinary change in human history in such a short space of time. China is about a fifth of the world's population. Then if China is very poor, obviously it will contribute very little to the global economy, and therefore the possibilities for other peoples around the world.
馬丁·雅克：當中國經濟在不斷增長，在全球經濟中的地位繼續上升，中國對世界經濟的重要性就發生了變化。從2008年開始，中國就是全球經濟增長的最大貢獻者。（編者註：2013年中國國家統計局發佈的報告指出，2008年至2012年，中國對世界經濟增長的年均貢獻率超過20%，均超過美國居世界第一）如果中國經濟增長放緩或者加快，對世界許多經濟體都會有直接影響。
Martin Jacques: But if China grows, just continues to grow its place in the global economy then its importance to the rest of the world economically is transformed. Ever since 2008, China has been the biggest contributor to global economic growth. If China's growth slows down or China's growth increases, it has a direct effect on many economies around the world.
聚焦中國：您如何看待中國參與全球治理？
China Focus: How do you view China's participation in global governance?
馬丁·雅克：很長一段時間以來，中國都徘徊在全球體系之外。但在1978年中國實施改革開放以後，尤其是2001年中國加入世貿組織後，中國成為了全球化進程的參與者，儘管在這段時期中國相對來說有些被動。當時中國仍在尋找自己的參與方式，把主要的精力都放在了國內發展上。
Martin Jacques: For a long time, China was outside the global system. But after 1978, in the reform period and especially in 2001 when China joined the WTO，China became a participant in the process, though relatively passive. But it was still finding its way, concentrating on domestic development.
馬丁·雅克：我覺得轉折點出現在2008年全球爆發金融危機期間，當時中國為避免全球經濟陷入蕭條，實施了一系列經濟刺激政策，做出了非常重要的貢獻。中國的舉措確實挽救了全球經濟，避免其陷入更糟糕的境地。
Martin Jacques: I think the turning point was around the time of the global financial crisis in 2008, when China made a really important contribution to ensuring there wasn't a global depression by staging its enormous stimulus program, which actually saved the global economy from something much, much worse.
馬丁·雅克：從此以後，我認為中國更加願意參與全球經濟政策協調。也是從那時起，隨着 「一帶一路」倡議的提出和亞洲基礎設施銀行的創立，中國已經在這些領域裏發揮了真正重要的作用。
Martin Jacques: And from that moment, I think China became more and more interested in the possibility of participating in the policies for the global economy. Ever since then, with the Belt and Road Initiative and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, China has become a really serious player in these areas.
馬丁·雅克：過去，美國人曾批評中國沒有為世界提供公共產品。現在中國顯然已經貢獻了大量的公共產品，因為「一帶一路」倡議是迄今為止世界上規模最大的發展促進計劃。
Martin Jacques: And as you know, it used to be criticized by the Americans for not contributing public goods to the world. Well, now China is clearly contributing at a large scale to public goods, because the Belt and Road Initiative is by far the biggest scheme in the world in terms of helping, in particular, development.
聚焦中國：意大利成為首個加入該倡議的七國集團國家，也是最新加入該倡議的歐盟成員國。其他歐盟國家對此持何態度? 您怎麼看英國對「一帶一路」倡議的態度？
China Focus: Italy became the first G7 country and the latest EU member to join the Initiative. What is the attitude of other EU countries towards it? How do you think the UK views the Belt and Road Initiative?
馬丁·雅克：總體來看，歐洲各國對「一帶一路」倡議的反應是不同的。中東歐國家對「一帶一路」的態度相當熱情，因此就有了中國與中東歐「16+1」機制（編者註：2019年4月12日，希臘作為正式成員加入「16+1合作」。隨着希臘的加入，中國與中東歐國家「16+1」合作正式擴展為「17+1」。）現在，歐洲對「一帶一路」倡議也變得越來越熱情，尤其是希臘、葡萄牙和意大利已經加入其中。在西歐，尤其是像德國、法國和英國這樣的經濟強國，他們對「一帶一路」有些懷疑，不太願意參與和支持，但也並不反對。
Martin Jacques: Well, I would say that Europe's reaction in general to the Belt and Road Initiative has varied. What you have seen is eastern and central Europe who have been pretty enthusiastic and so you've got sixteen plus one. Europe has steadily become more enthusiastic and three countries in particular are involved—Greece, Portugal, and now Italy. Western Europe, in particular the highlands like Germany, France, and Britain in terms of economic power, they're the biggest. They all are being a bit 'iffy' about Belt and Road, and somewhat reluctant to get involved and endorse it, but not opposing it.
馬丁·雅克：英國在某些方面對「一帶一路」給予的支持也許是最大的，但在政治上還需要再觀望，看看現在的約翰遜政府是否支持「一帶一路」倡議。但令人擔憂的一點是，約翰遜與特朗普很接近，這可能意味着更加負面一些。
Martin Jacques: Britain in some ways has been perhaps the most supportive, but I think politically, we have to wait and see whether the present government, the Johnson government, is a supporter or not. He is disturbingly close to Trump, and that would suggest maybe it'll be more negative.
（未完待續）
To be continued…
採訪、編輯 / 董翎依
審校 / 白石
美編 / 高銘
