■贠京
In the 289-year historical picture of the Tang Dynasty, Shangguan Wan'er, a talented woman of a generation, is undoubtedly a talented and tragic woman. She was born into a noble family. Her grandfather, Shangguan Yi, was the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. He was also a learned poet who created the Shangguan style poetry style of "Qicuo Wanmei". However, his fate was ill-fated. In December of the first year of Linde's reign, Shangguan Yi offended Wu Zetian by drafting an abolition edict for Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty. She was framed for treason and was imprisoned and executed.
The newly born Shangguan Wan'er and her mother Zheng were implicated in the disaster and were sent to Yeting as slaves. No one expected that in this palace, where the concubines lived, Shangguan Wan'er, an extremely intelligent and extraordinary woman, was carefully trained by her mother to read poems and books. Things, extraordinary intelligence.
In the second year of Yifeng, Wu Zetian summoned Shangguan Wan'er, who was only fourteen years old, in the Taiji Palace, and asked her to write a composition based on the topic on the spot. Shangguan Wan'er's essays are written in a moment without adding any extra points, and the meaning of the writing is smooth, the rhetoric is gorgeous, every word is exquisite, and every sentence is full of jade. Wu Zetian was overjoyed after seeing this, and immediately ordered her to be relieved of her status as a slave and take charge of the palace's imperial edicts.
Later, when Wu Zetian became emperor, most of her edicts were written by Shangguan Wan'er, who was called "Neisheren" at that time.
一
In the eyes of outsiders, Shangguan Wan'er is close to the peak of power and has become the Queen's confidant. However, she did not feel the slightest happiness. She walked on thin ice every day and spent her days in fear.
Soon, Shangguan Wan'er committed a capital crime for disobeying Wu Zetian's will. What crime did Shangguan Wan'er commit to make the Queen so angry?
Rumor has it that Wu Zetian foiled a palace coup, and among the people involved in the coup was her most trusted Shangguan Wan'er. Wu Zetian was furious and asked Shangguan Wan'er: "In the past, your grandfather Shangguan Yi was convicted and executed. I thought you were talented, so I appointed you as a female imperial official. Unexpectedly, you repaid your kindness and tried to murder me. I am really angry to death!" Shangguan Wan'er! After hearing this, Wan'er smiled calmly: "Your Majesty, have you ever remembered the three times that your slaves blocked your way?" Wu Zetian thought about it carefully and found out that he had sent orders to hold banquets in the imperial garden several times. When he was about to drive, Wan'er dissuaded him from returning to the palace, so he nodded in agreement. There is such a thing. Shangguan Wan'er asked: "Does Your Majesty know that there are dangers in the imperial garden? If the servants had not participated in the rebellion on the surface and got involved with them, how could they have protected Your Majesty secretly?" Wu Zetian seemed to have some understanding after hearing this and nodded in agreement. However, the emperor's golden words have made it clear that the death penalty can be avoided, but the tattoo sentence must still be carried out. However, during the execution, cinnabar was used instead to mark the forehead, and only a small and exquisite red plum blossom was tattooed. Shangguan Wan'er already has a pretty face, but with a plum blossom tattooed between her eyebrows, she looks even more charming.
There is another saying that Wu Zetian relied on Shangguan Wan'er as a confidant and did not avoid her even in bed with Zhang Changzong. Shangguan Wan'er could not help but be influenced by it and make frivolous behavior. On this day, Shangguan Wan'er and Zhang Changzong were having a private banter. Wu Zetian saw it. In anger, she pulled out the gold hairpin and inserted it into Shangguan Wan'er's bun, injuring her left forehead. Wu Zetian's eyes widened angrily and said: "You dare to come close to my confinement, and you will be punished with death!" Fortunately, Zhang Changzong knelt down on her behalf and begged for mercy, and was pardoned.
There is another story about the scar on Shangguan Wan'er's forehead. Shangguan Wan'er was disgusted with Zhang Changzong's teasing of her and closed the corridor. As a result, the bright hall where the heavens were connected to the sky and all things were controlled, where the princes were met and government orders were issued, was destroyed by Zhang Changzong in revenge. Wu Zetian vented his anger on Shangguan Wan'er and ordered her execution. Before being executed in the palace, Wu Zetian suddenly changed her mind and was tattooed, with the word "disobedient" tattooed on her forehead as a warning.
According to the Tang Dynasty Han'e's "Sui·Huajili·Renri Plum Blossom Makeup", Shangguan Wan'er had a scar on her forehead, so she tattooed a red plum blossom on the scar to cover it up, but she became even more charming. When the palace maids saw it, they all thought it was beautiful, and secretly applied rouge to their foreheads to imitate her. Gradually, this kind of red plum makeup became popular in the palace, and it became very popular.
No one knows the unspeakable pain and humiliation in Shangguan Wan'er's heart. After that, she was even more careful, served her attentively, and catered to her needs, which made her even more popular with Wu Zetian.
According to the records of "Jinglong Wenguan Ji", starting from the first year of Tongtian (the "Old Book of Tang" is the Holy Calendar Year), Wu Zetian began to let Shangguan Wan'er handle Baisi Zoubiao and participate in government affairs, and her power grew day by day. During this period, most of the Tang Dynasty's military and national strategies and power of killing depended on Shangguan Wan'er.
In the first year of Shenlong, Zhang Jianzhi and other ministers who supported the Li Tang clan launched the Shenlong Coup, and Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate. After Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, was restored to power, he had great favor and trust in Shangguan Wan'er. He also made her draft edicts, worshiped her as Zhaorong, and named her mother Zheng as the wife of Peiguo. The case of his grandfather Shangguan Yi was also vindicated, and he was posthumously awarded Zhongshu Ling, Governor of Qinzhou, and Duke of Chu.
Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, was famous for his love for Shangguan Wan'er. He sent people to build a pond and rock at Shangguan Wan'er's residence, and decorated it with exquisite carvings, which often attracted ministers to enjoy themselves. The Zhaowen Hall was also set up, where officials of the dynasty who studied poetry were summoned to compose poems and sing harmony. Li Xian also asked Shangguan Wan'er to evaluate the poems written by ministers. Those who ranked first were often rewarded with golden titles, which were extremely valuable. Therefore, reciting poems and writing poems became a common practice both inside and outside the imperial court.
Shangguan Wan'er loved collecting books. She once collected more than ten thousand volumes of books, and all the books she collected were scented. A hundred years later, his books were among the people, still fragrant and free of insects.
Shangguan Wan'er had always been on good terms with Queen Wei and Princess Anle Li Guo'er, and they had close contacts. It was she who recommended Wu Sansi to Queen Wei. Relying on the support of Queen Wei and Princess Anle, Wu Sansi successively planned to demote and kill five kings, including Zhang Jianzhi, Huan Yanfan, Jinghui, Yuan Shuji and Cui Xuanwei. His power was overwhelming and arrogant.
Shangguan Wan'er praised the Wu family a lot in the edicts she drafted, which made the prince Li Chongjun very angry.
In July of the first year of Jinglong, Li Chongjun, Li Duozuo, the general of Zuo Yulin, and others issued an imperial edict to send more than 300 Yulin troops to their residence, killing Wu Sansi and Wu Chongxun in their mansion, and also executed more than ten people who were close to them. , and led troops to enter through Suzhangmen, knocked on the pavilion door, and searched for Shangguan Wan'er.
Shangguan Wan'er fled to Tang Zhongzong and Queen Wei in desperation. Qi Qiran threatened: "The prince's intention is to kill Shangguan Wan'er first, and then arrest the queen and your majesty in turn." Li Xian and Queen Wei were at a loss for a while. Furious, he took Shangguan Wan'er and Princess Anle to the Xuanwu Gate to avoid the enemy, and ordered General Liu Jingren of Youyu Lin to lead more than 2,000 flying cavalry to camp in front of the Taiji Hall and defend themselves behind closed doors. Li Chongjun was defeated and killed.
In the fourth year of Jinglong, Princess Taiping became increasingly powerful, and Shangguan Wan'er became attached to Princess Taiping again.
On the second day of June in the fourth year of Jinglong, Tang Zhongzong Li Xian was poisoned by Empress Wei and Princess Anle, and died suddenly. Prior to this, Princess Anle, who was arrogant and arrogant, wanted to support Empress Wei in the court and make herself the crown daughter. Zhongzong refused, so the mother and daughter conspired to poison Zhongzong.
Shangguan Wan'er once wrote "Colorful Letters of Resentment" to express her deep memory of Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty: "At the beginning of the leaves under the Dongting, I missed you for more than ten thousand miles. The dew was fragrant and cold, and the moon fell on the brocade screen. I want to play the song of Jiangnan, but I am greedy. Feng Jibei Shu. There is no other meaning in the book, but a long absence. "This is a five-character poem. Such long and longing is a rare affection in court poetry. Between the lines, there are melancholy and farewell thoughts, and the music is full of lingering emotions. It changed the style of the "Six Dynasties Interest" in the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty and became particularly refined and elegant.
After the death of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, Empress Wei arranged all the political positions in the Taige, internal and external military power, and the central imperial army to her own party members and clansmen, and the power of the government fell into Wei's hands.
Shangguan Wan'er and Princess Taiping drafted a posthumous edict, establishing Li Chongmao as crown prince, Li Dan as assistant, and Queen Wei as regent of the empress dowager to balance the forces of all parties. However, the prime ministers Zong Chuke and Wei Wen changed the edict and advised Empress Wei to follow Wu Zetian's example. After receiving the news, Linzi King Li Longji discussed with Princess Taiping and decided to strike first. On June 20th of the first year of Tang Long, Li Longji launched a coup and invaded the palace with imperial guards and soldiers, killing Queen Wei, Princess Anle and all Queen Wei's party.
When Li Longji led his army into the palace, Shangguan Wan'er held a candle and led the palace people to greet her, and showed the edict she and Princess Taiping had drafted to Liu Youqiu, who was friends with Linzi King Li Longji, to prove that she was with Li Longji. The Tang clan stood together.Liu Youqiu took the imperial edict and asked Li Longji for mercy, but Li Longji refused and beheaded Shangguan Wan'er under his banner.
二
Shangguan Wan'er was buried in the north of Dengcun, Beidu Town, Weicheng District, Xianyang City, about 25 kilometers away from the ruins of Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty. Princess Taiping once sent people to pay homage. The cemetery is not large, and the epitaph unearthed is inscribed: "Inscription of Zhaorong Shangguan of the Tang Dynasty."
According to the epitaph record, Shangguan Wan'er made four remonstrances to Zhongzong and opposed the establishment of Princess Anle as the crown princess. From reporting and exposing Princess Anle to resigning and becoming a nun, she was not allowed by Tang Zhongzong, and finally ended up with Tang Zhongzong. After death, the imperial doctor gave emergency treatment and was able to save his life.
In the early years of Kaiyuan, Li Longji sent people to collect Shangguan Wan'er's poems and compile them into twenty volumes, and asked Zhang Shuo to write a preface. However, according to Zhang Shuo's "Preface to the Collected Works of Shangguan Family of Tang Zhaorong", combined with the contents of the epitaph, it is speculated that it was Princess Taiping who requested to edit the collected works. This collection is lost today, and "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains only thirty-two of his poems.
According to the records of "Chang'an Chronicle", Shangguan Wan'er's residence is located in Qunxianfang inside Yanping Gate. Qunxianfang borders the West Market in the east, with a gate on each side and a cross street in the middle. To the northeast of the cross street is the Zhenhua Ni Temple, to the east gate is the Zhenxin Ni Temple, and in the southeast corner is the residence of Shangguan Wan'er, a female official, poet and Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty. Queen Wei and Princess Anle traveled here frequently during their lifetimes.
Not far from the mansion to the north, there is a cherry orchard to the east. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty once visited this garden. To the west is the Peony Garden, which contains the Jianyun Pond, Yixiang Pavilion, archway, Shinto, etc., and dozens of species of peonies, peonies and other precious flowers and trees. Shangguan Wan'er, Li Bai and other literati and royal nobles often gathered here to enjoy flowers and recite poems. Talk and laugh with ru, no contacts STOMATOLOGY.
Liu Yuxi once praised the Peony Garden as "only peonies are the true national beauty, and they move the capital when they bloom." The poet Bai Juyi also lamented here that "the flowers bloom and fall for twenty days, and everyone in the city is crazy." It was from here that peony spread to Luoyang and became popular throughout the country, eventually becoming the "King of Flowers".
Regarding Shangguan Wan'er's life, there are mixed reviews and even criticisms. Some historical records accuse her of collaborating with cronies and playing tricks on her power. Some may criticize him for his lewdness, some highly praise him, and some may despise him. As a female streamer, in such an era, she was wandering in the whirlpool of power struggle. If she made a careless move, she would lose everything, or even lose her life. She may also have a lot of helplessness.
Today, Qunxianfang has been replaced by a cluster of high-rise buildings, but Taoyuan Lake and Peony Garden are still there. In the garden, there are arch bridges, stone railings, pavilions, and weeping willows. In spring, the peach blossoms are scorching, and the peonies are blooming; in the summer solstice, a pool of green lotus is rippling with the waves. In the Yixiang Pavilion, the sound of silk and bamboo can be heard constantly.
Standing on the bustling cross street in the past, you can seem to hear the constant shouting of the sesame Hu cake shops on the street. In front of your eyes are the beautiful Hu Xuan dance performance and the Western businessmen holding camels who stopped to watch. And deep in the fireworks, Shangguan Wan'er, a talented woman of a generation, was walking slowly with her eyebrows slightly furrowed.
>>About the author
A native of Liquan, Shaanxi Province, he has published hundreds of novels and essays in newspapers such as Wilderness, Short Stories, and New Writers.
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