Last year, Chinese companies were choked by the United States when it came to chip imports. Chinese people exclaimed that domestic chips are far from the world's top level. It is a warning that the chip industry cannot rely on buying, but independent research and development to have the right to speak.
Actually, China's semiconductor industry started not too late. In the 1960s, the shadow of the United States could still be seen, which was comparable to that of Japan, all because of his pioneering and innovative work in it.
However, in the turbulent years, he was forced to abandon scientific research, and semiconductor R&D was not taken seriously. As a result, the gap between China's semiconductors and the world's powers was widening, and it was gradually surpassed by many countries and regions.
waited until he came out for the second time, he presided over the establishment of the State Key Laboratory of China Semiconductor Lattice, catching up from the national level, and constantly narrowing the gap.
He is one of the founders of China solid state physics and semiconductor physics, and the originator of China's semiconductor industry- Huang Kun .
Huang Kun (1919-2005)
In view of his great contributions, Huang Kun was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the age of 36. He has worked on the podium for 26 years and cultivated China’s first generation of local semiconductor professionals. China has changed because of his existence. Have to be different.
Yang Zhenning said that China's semiconductor companies are all his disciples and grandchildren.
His life is low-key and simple. Although he has won great honors, not many people know him. In the era of fierce competition in the chip industry, it is particularly important to relive Huang Kun's patriotic dedication.
01
In 1919, Huang Kun was born in Beijing and was born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. He was smart and eager to learn since he was a child.
In 1941, Huang Kun was admitted to the Southwest Associated University to study theoretical physics postgraduate from the Department of Physics of Yanjing University. His tutor was Wu Dayou, a famous physicist. In Southwest Associated University, Huang Kun lived with Yang Zhenning and Zhang Shoulian in the same dormitory. Three young people liked to discuss various issues and even quarrel. The classmates gave them a nickname: "Three Musketeers in the Department of Physics".
From left to right: Huang Kun, Deng Jiaxian, Huang Wan, Zhou Guangzhao, Yang Zhenning
According to Yang Zhenning's recollection, Huang Kun likes to be truthful very much. He searched for information all night to figure out a small problem. Huang Kun's evaluation of Yang Zhenning is that they are active in thinking, and it is enjoyable for the two to communicate together. After graduating with a master's degree, Huang Kun obtained the China-UK Boxer Indemnity Scholarship and went to the University of Bristol to continue his studies and established the research direction of "Solid Physics".
Young Huang Kun
Although the University of Bristol is not as well-known in China as Cambridge and Oxford, it is quite strong. It is one of the top ten universities in the United Kingdom. It is well-known in the world for majors in mechanical engineering and electronic engineering. More importantly, here There is Mott, an authority on solid state physics.
The diligent and studious Huang Kun quickly made achievements. Under the guidance of Professor Mott, he proposed the theory that the impurity defects in the solid cause X-ray diffuse scattering. This paper was confirmed twenty years later, in the 1960s. And applied, it is called "yellow diffuse scattering". The sudden emergence of Huang Kun from
was invited by the famous professor Max Born, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, to co-author "Lattice Dynamics Theory", which was published five years later and became an authoritative work in the semiconductor field. Generations of semiconductor scientists.
Max Born is a big bole in the Chinese scientific community. He has successively trained two masters such as Peng Huanwu and Cheng Kaijia.
With the recommendation and endorsement of Professor Born, Huang Kun's academic journey went very smoothly, becoming a rising star in the European physics community. After obtaining a doctorate degree from the University of Bristol, he went to work at the University of Liverpool, met with British female colleague Rees, and became a lifelong companion.
Huang Kun and his wife Li Aifu
met Wu Dayou on Huang Kun’s school journey,Mott and Born are three world physics masters, and the latter two are Nobel Prize winners. Standing on the shoulders of the master, Huang Kun walked ahead of most scientists of the same age when he was about 30 years old. This is his luck, but also China's happiness.
02
Huang Kun, who specializes in academic research, suddenly heard an earth-shattering news: New China was founded.
He wrote to Yang Zhenning, who was far away in the United States, expressing his thoughts about returning to China: "Although I can't imagine how much our Confucian scholars can influence the nation's fortune... But if we delay abroad for only avoidance, it seems to violate our conscience. I still think that China has us and does not have us. There is a difference." At this stage, Huang Kun and his Welsh girlfriend Reese co-published an article, and for the first time proposed the theory of multi-phonon non-radiation transition-"Huang-Reese theory", let us Believe that the power of love is great.
In 1951, the 32-year-old Huang Kun finally returned to China as a professor in the Department of Physics of Peking University. His mission was to help New China train senior physics talents as soon as possible. His arrival has made Peking University a spring breeze, with a broad vision and a solid foundation. In today's terms, he has become a "net celebrity professor." A year later, Reese came to China to marry Huang Kun, whose Chinese name is Li Aifu, who also worked in the Department of Physics at Peking University.
He opened a major in semiconductor physics at Peking University, and compiled textbooks such as "Solid State Physics" and "Semiconductor Physics", so that students began to have a learning system. His academic requirements are very strict, even to the point of demanding.
Through his efforts, Gan Zizhao, Xia Jianbai and others who later became academicians emerged. Apart from teaching, Huang Kun did not interrupt his own research. For the first time, he proposed the "Yellow Equation" describing the relationship between the optical displacement, the macroscopic electric field and the electric polarization in the crystal, which was experimentally confirmed in 1963.
On the road of science, he does not like to follow the trend, he likes to find another way, and to take the path of innovation. Huang Kun has walked both solidly and innovatively, and he has set up monuments.
And in life, Huang Kun is a particularly simple and enthusiastic person. A washed, faded khaki tunic suit and a black woolen cap are the standard image of Huang Kun. When others invited him to dinner, he only ordered the cheapest dishes. When conditions were not good for three years of natural disasters, he would let his share of milk to his weak colleagues.
In 1955, Huang Kun was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was only 36 years old.
03
In the 1950s and 1960s, the country has attached great importance to the development of the semiconductor industry.
With the help of the Soviet Union, the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established, and ten electronics factories were built locally, embarking on the road of semiconductor R&D and production.
But the Soviet Union withdrew all the experts in 1959. Who else can China's semiconductor industry rely on?
benefited from a group of semiconductor talents returning from overseas, such as Huang Kun, Xie Xide, Wang Shouwu, etc. Their efforts in the difficult situation have enabled China's semiconductor industry to keep up with the pace of the United States and rival Japan.
How important is this? At that time, the development of China's "two bombs and one satellite" was in full swing, relying on semiconductors to ensure electronics and computing facilities. More importantly, China's native semiconductor talent system has been formed in practice.
And in the world, semiconductor technology is even more turbulent. In September 1958, the United States developed the world's first integrated circuit and successfully integrated electronic devices on a semiconductor material. Only a year later, Fairchild of the United States broke through the planar manufacturing process of integrated circuits, laying a solid foundation for large-scale industrial production.
However, in the ten years of turmoil that followed, scientists like Xie Xide and Wang Shouwu were all arranged to clean the toilets, causing the Chinese chip to be widened by the world's powers, and it has not caught up to this day.
04
On the eve of the "spring of science", the country can't wait to resume semi-guideThe development of the sports industry is shocking because the total annual output of more than 600 semiconductor factories in the country is only one-tenth of the monthly output of a Japanese factory in just ten years.
In the 1980s, China's semiconductor industry not only lags behind the United States and Japan for more than 10 years, but later even South Korea and Taiwan surpassed the past. The chip industry is iterating faster and faster. China has initiated a number of plans and projects to catch up. Huang Kun has also "seconded out" and was transferred to the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as director, presided over the construction of China's semiconductor superlattice national key experiment room.
Beginning in 2013, the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing University of Science and Technology established the Huang Kun Yingcai Class. On weekdays, the Institute of Semiconductors sends high-level professors to the school. From the junior year, students enter the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to major Training, hoping to train outstanding semiconductor professionals through the combination of national scientific and technological strength and universities.
Huang Kun teaches
But we should see that the chip industry is an industry with a very long training cycle. It is not because we can invest huge funds to get immediate results. That's why Chinese chips were caught by the United States last year.
Semiconductor talents need to be like Academician Huang Kun, who can endure loneliness and work for a long time to narrow the gap and gradually catch up. Fortunately, a large number of overseas returnees who have participated in semiconductor scientific research in the world's powerful countries returned to China to start their own businesses and promote the development of my country's chip industry from the perspective of the private sector.
05
Someone asked Huang Kun, did he regret giving up the future of studying in the UK and returning to China?
Huang Kun said that there was no mistake on this path. After he returned, he taught and educates people. “Establishing our own curriculum and teaching system and cultivating talents are far more meaningful than personal academic achievements.” The “disciples and grandchildren” he cultivated back then , Has now become the backbone of China's semiconductor industry.
Many college students majoring in materials have learned the "Solid State Physics" written by Academician Huang Kun back then, and practiced the path taken by their predecessors. Huang Kun is the first Chinese scientist the students have encountered in this field, which shows the academic achievements of Academician Huang Kun.
In 2002, Huang Kun was awarded the National Science and Technology Award for his great contributions to my country's solid-state physics and semiconductor industry. From the 5 million bonus, he used most of it to reward outstanding talents in semiconductor physics and support the development of China's semiconductor industry. Although
has made outstanding contributions, Huang Kun never wants to promote himself. He always said: "I am an ordinary scientific worker, there is nothing magical and amazing." He even felt that the state gave him the Science and Technology Award. It's a bit big.
On July 6, 2005, Huang Kun died of illness in Beijing at the age of 86.
He worked his whole life to put forward "Yellow diffuse scattering", "Yellow-Ries theory", "Yellow equation" and other far-reaching theories, becoming an important pioneer of China's solid-state physics and semiconductor industry, and using his obscurity to support China Dream of a strong country.
He returned home resolutely in his youth. Although he claimed to be "a Confucian scholar", he made China different from him. Twenty-six years of teaching career, peaches and plums all over the world, "disciples and grandchildren" have grown up and quietly strive to shorten the gap between Chinese semiconductors and the world's powers.
The high-clean character and Chinese spirit that he reveals made this country stronger. Chinese spirit and Chinese power need every Chinese to pass on and put it into action, especially to Chinese children. He is the Chinese backbone that we admire most.
I have a national soldier, and the world is unparalleled!
pays tribute to Academician Huang Kun!
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