Author | Chen Yiduo
Source | City Wars
Recently, JD Digital Technology Group released the "2019 Research Report on China's Population Migration and Urbanization Development Based on JD Big Data", which is based on the changes in the delivery address presented by the e-commerce platform Through analysis, the population migration maps of ten major cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, Chengdu, and Chongqing are drawn.
In the past, it was difficult for outsiders to know whether a household moved or went to work in another place, and it was also difficult to conduct surveys and statistics. Nowadays, with the help of e-commerce platforms such as JD.com, you can basically determine whether to move or not by looking at whether a person changes the recipient's address, and thus outline the migration path of the population in major cities across the country. (According to People's Daily Online)
01. All first-tier cities have "net outflow"
According to the "Report", in 2018, the population of the four first-tier cities in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen all showed a trend of "migration" greater than "migration". That is, "net outflow". Data from
shows that Beijing has the largest change in population, ranking first in the first-tier cities in terms of both emigration and immigration.
From the perspective of net population migration, in 2018, there were 287,000 people who moved out of Beijing, 121,529 people from Shanghai, 116,572 people from Guangzhou, and 118,048 people from Shenzhen.
02, Beijing has the strongest radiation capacity in the country
According to the different cities, the migration and migration of Beijing population in 2018 are as follows:
In 2018, the most people who moved into Beijing came from Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, followed by Tianjin and Langfang , Baoding and other cities. Among the top 10 sources, except Tianjin, Langfang and Baoding, the other seven are not in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
In 2018, the most people who moved out of Beijing went to Shanghai, followed by Langfang and Shenzhen. Except for Langfang and Baoding, all of the top 10 flows are big cities.
These two sets of data show that Beijing has a strong trans-regional character in population mobility, and the degree of connection with the Yangtze River Delta, the Greater Bay Area, and Chengdu-Chongqing is even greater than that with the surrounding areas. Beijing has the best attraction and radiation power for national talents.
Beijing is not only the country's largest talent export base, but also the country's largest talent pump.
Of course, this also shows that the surrounding areas of Beijing are relatively weak, and the nearby lack of high-quality cities that can take on Beijing’s talent spillovers, and its urban agglomeration and metropolitan area effects are weaker than the Yangtze River Delta and the Greater Bay Area.
03. Shanghai people move in and out, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta
2018. The most people who move into Shanghai are from Beijing, followed by Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nantong, Nanjing, and Hefei, all in the Yangtze River Delta. Then there are other cities like Shenzhen, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, and Chongqing. Among the top 10 sources, 5 are from the Yangtze River Delta.
2018, the most people who moved out of Shanghai went to Beijing, followed by Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nantong, Hefei, and then Shenzhen, Nanjing, Wuxi, Chongqing and Wuhan. Comparing the population migration data of Beijing and Shanghai, you will find that Shanghai's radiation power to national talents is weaker than Beijing. In addition, Shanghai's connection with Guangzhou and Chengdu is not as high as Beijing, but its connection with Wuhan, Chongqing, and Zhengzhou is higher than Beijing.
04. Almost all Guangzhou residents moved in and out of Guangdong
2018. Most of the people who moved into Guangzhou came from Beijing, followed by Shenzhen, Foshan, Dongguan, Zhanjiang, Maoming, Qingyuan, Huizhou, Zhaoqing and Zhongshan. Except for Beijing, all are Guangdong cities.
2018, moving out of Guangzhou, the most is to Beijing, followed by Foshan, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhanjiang, Qingyuan, Maoming, Huizhou, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan. Except for Beijing, all are Guangdong cities.
05. Most people who moved out of Shenzhen went to Dongguan
2018. For those who moved into Shenzhen, Beijing, Guangzhou and Dongguan ranked the top three. Then there are Wuhan, Maoming, Shanghai, Foshan, Changsha, and Chongqing. Among the top 10 population sources, only 5 are from Guangdong.
2018, the biggest flow of moving out of Shenzhen is not Beijing.It is Dongguan, which shows that Dongguan has benefited the most from Shenzhen’s population spillover. In addition to Dongguan and Beijing, the other major destinations for Shenzhen people are Guangzhou, Huizhou, Maoming, Foshan, Wuhan, Changsha, Chongqing, and Meizhou. Of the top 10 flows, only 5 are from Guangdong. The data of
also shows that Shenzhen's attractiveness to talents across the country is only weaker than Beijing, and basically the same as Shanghai.
06. Hangzhou people move in and out, most of them are in Zhejiang
2018. The largest source of Hangzhou's immigrant population is Shaoxing, followed by Jiaxing, Jinhua and Wenzhou. Among the top 10 origins, except for Shangrao in Jiangxi and Fuyang in Anhui, all other cities are in Zhejiang.
2018, the biggest flow of Hangzhou people is Jiaxing, followed by Shaoxing and Jinhua. The top 10 emigration destinations are Zhejiang cities except Shangrao, Jiangxi and Fuyang, Anhui.
07. Nanjing people moved in and out, all in Jiangsu
2018. The largest source of Nanjing’s immigrant population is Xuzhou, followed by Nantong, Suqian and Zhenjiang. The top 10 origins are all cities in Jiangsu.
2018, the biggest flow of Nanjing people is Nantong, followed by Xuzhou and Zhenjiang. The top 10 migration destinations are all Jiangsu cities.
08, Wuhan and Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, there is a two-way population flow
2018. The largest source of Wuhan's immigrant population is Beijing, followed by Huanggang. What's interesting about
is that, whether you look at the top 10 sources or the top 10 flows, the four major cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are all listed. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are not only an important source of talent in Wuhan, but also the main destination of Wuhan's population exodus.
This shows that the population interaction between Wuhan and first-tier cities is very full. Wuhan has been pushing hard to "retain a million college students" in recent years, and it seems that it has seen initial results.
09, Chengdu population emigration and immigration map
2018, the source of the largest immigration population in Chengdu is Beijing, followed by neighboring cities such as Ziyang, Mianyang, Deyang, Nanchong, and Chongqing.
In addition, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai also appear in Chengdu's ranking of population sources.
10, Chongqing population migration and migration map
2018, the largest source of Chongqing migration population is the non-main city area of Chongqing, followed by Beijing, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, Dongguan, Guiyang, Wuhan and other cross-regional cities .
This shows that Chongqing has a high level of openness and maintains full interaction with first-tier cities in terms of population flow.
11, Changsha population migration and migration map
2018, the largest source of Changsha migration population is Beijing, followed by Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Dongguan are also on the list.
This shows that Changsha maintains sufficient population interaction with Beijing and the Greater Bay Area, while its connection with the Yangtze River Delta is weak.
Looking at as a whole, there is a net outflow of population in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, but this does not mean that the first-tier cities are in decline. From the perspective of population flow, most of the population moving out of the core cities still goes to the surrounding areas, indicating that the urban agglomeration has become an important evacuation area for the core cities, and the core cities and the surrounding areas show a positive two-way connection.
In addition, new first-tier cities such as Wuhan, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Changsha, Chengdu, and Chongqing have shown a strong net inflow of population, especially Wuhan, Chongqing, and Chengdu, which have shown strong appeal to the population of first-tier cities .
Of course, the data in this article is only based on JD.com's e-commerce platform. The number of samples is limited and may not reflect the true situation. All data and conclusions are for reference only.
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