Various "routine deductions": unknowingly being "deducted" usury

Source: The Paper

Yesterday, The Paper reported on a new type of financial fraud in the "withholding" business of third-party payment institutions. The criminal group established a company specifically for deductions, established payment cooperation with third-party payment institutions through forged materials and other means, and quietly deducted money from the victim's bank account without secret.

From April 2018 to December 2019, at least 10 such credit card fraud cases were judged by local courts. In the consumer online complaint platform, complaints involving the inexplicable "deduction" of money in bank cards are updated daily. Among the multiple complainants interviewed by The Paper, some were “deducted” loan sharks without their knowledge; some downloaded a loan app, entered the bank card number and other information, and were asked to enter the “identity verification” SMS verification code. The result was a verification code for the deduction; some people claimed that they were deducted "unknowingly" if they "do nothing."

These complaints are all related to third-party payment institutions. According to the data from the complaint platform Ju Complaint Report, in 2019, the platform received more than 50,000 effective complaints against the third-party payment industry. Among them, the complaints concerning payment services for Gaoli Internet loans such as Gaopao ranked No. One. These complaints against payment institutions, such as malicious deductions and unknown deductions, have a resolution rate of only 16.6%. The illegal payment channel of

has also attracted the attention of public security organs in recent years. On November 14, 2019, the Ministry of Public Security held a press conference to report the status of the "Net Network 2019" special operation. Wang Yingwei, director of the Cyber ​​Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, also notified that third-party payment agencies provided funds for payment and settlement of "routine loans", illegal The problem of obtaining high profits. The Ministry of Public Security also notified on December 29, 2019 that public security agencies across the country have cracked 15 major illegal online payment cases in 2019, involving more than 54 billion yuan. Illegal payment channels are used for illegal crimes.

In the chaos of "withholding" in the payment field, after "routine loans", "routine deductions" followed.

Routine 1: The loan shark was “repaid” accidentally

On March 12, Ms. Cao from Chongqing told The Paper about her experience of being deducted.

On the evening of March 2, her ICBC card received a transfer of 5000 yuan from the company. A few hours later, three deductions suddenly appeared. An organization called "Baofu" deducted 4,942.94 yuan from her three times at 1,301.20 yuan, 1,257.54 yuan, and 2,384.20 yuan, leaving only 57.06 yuan in the card.

The first deduction information is displayed as "Baofu-Shenzhen Hexiang Technology Co., Ltd.", and the next two transactions are displayed as "Baofu", and the reason for deduction is "consumption". "What does Baopay do? I have no consumption and no loan recently. Why was the money deducted?" Ms. Cao quickly contacted ICBC. ICBC customer service told her that the deduction was operated by Baofu Network Technology Co., Ltd. and provided a landline for Ms. Cao to contact Baofu Company. According to the profile of

Baopay's official website, it is a third-party payment company that obtained the "Payment Business License" issued by the Central Bank in 2011. It can provide individuals and businesses with 365 days of uninterrupted settlement services to help merchants quickly withdraw funds.

Later, Ms. Cao got in touch with Baofu Company. The other party informed that these three payments were all deductions from Shenzhen Hexiang Technology Co., Ltd., and Baofu was only withholding. According to the information from Tianyan, Shenzhen Jixiang Technology Co., Ltd. has a registered capital of 50 million. It used to be Shenzhen Wanhui Financial Services Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Wanhui Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Jixiang Technology Co., Ltd., and now it is renamed Guangdong and Sound Technology Co., Ltd. owns products such as Wanhui and DaiPPmoney. The WeChat public account is "Hedai". Ms.

Cao said that she did not authorize the company and requested Baofu customer service to intercept the deduction. But Baofu said that the deduction has been credited to the merchant (and Xiang company). According to the method provided by Baofu, Ms. Cao searched for "jidai" in the WeChat public account. Through repeated communication through WeChat public account and phone calls, Jidai said that Ms. Cao had borrowed money from the company's flash silver and loan, and it was overdue for three years, and the remaining 24476 yuan, so the system will deduct from time to time.

has communicated with another “customer service” of Jidai. A few days later, Ms. Cao received three p2p electronic loan contracts, showing that she received three p2p electronic loan contracts on August 5, August 29, and September 6, 2017. Through Wanhui Financial ServicesServices Co., Ltd. and Shanyin (Xiangshan) Information Technology Co., Ltd. borrowed 1280 yuan, 2200 yuan, and 650 yuan from "Li Yongming". The first two loans were repaid in 12 months, 140.8 yuan and 242 yuan each month, and the third loan was repaid in three months, 260 yuan each. Based on this calculation,

surging journalists have calculated that the first two loans have an annual interest rate of 32% and the latter has an annual interest rate of 80%. The contract also stipulates that if Ms. Cao’s repayment is overdue, the penalty interest and the overdue management fee will be charged according to the total amount of overdue principal and interest × penalty interest rate (0.5%) × number of days overdue. If it is more than 3 days overdue, Li Yongming authorizes Wanhui Finance to collect collection at any time or multiple times at any time, and the fee for door-to-door collection is 500 yuan/time. Ms.

Cao said that in the first two repayment records she had made two or three times. The bank account provided by Ms. Cao to The Paper shows that in 2017, the company used a third-party payment institution to connect with JETCO and deducted RMB 140.8 from her card. "After deducting two or three times, I didn't deduct it again. My bank card has always had enough balance." Ms. Cao didn't expect that there was less than two thousand yuan of principal left. In the past three years, the other party didn't urge or deduct it. The 20,000 to 30,000 claimed by the other party has doubled dozens of times. What is even more surprising is that the loan company can switch to a third-party payment company and directly deduct the money without her knowledge.

The Mianyang Intermediate People's Court of Sichuan confirmed that "Li Yongming" frequently lends money to others to earn high expenses. According to a case published by

China Judgment Documents Network, the court once determined that "Li Yongming"'s act of lending funds through Hexiang Company was illegal lending, which seriously disrupted financial and social order, and did not support his application for repayment execution.

This judgment made by the Sichuan Dazhou Intermediate Court on September 11, 2019 shows that the executor Li Yongming and the executor Huang Mou passed through Shenzhen Wanhui Financial Services Co., Ltd. (and Xiang Company) and Wanhui Investment Management Co., Ltd. The company and Khorgos Wanguhui Internet Technology Co., Ltd. signed the "Loan and Service Contract" and "Loan Tight" on the PPmoney platform (Wanhui Finance). Huang did not return the interest as agreed. The Guangzhou Arbitration Commission made a ruling Li Yongming applied to the court for execution.

The court found that the loan amount of both parties was 6000 yuan, the loan period was one year, the monthly interest rate was 0.9%, the daily rate of liquidated damages was 0.5%, and the payment was repaid in 12 installments, and the first installment was 800 yuan. , The rest is 680 yuan per period, and the total is calculated to be 8280 yuan. The

court also found that as of September 10, 2019, Li Yongming was the executor and applied to the court for 82 online lending cases with a principal of 310,000 yuan.

The Dazhou Intermediate People’s Court believes that according to the relevant laws and regulations, “No unit or individual shall establish an organization or mainly engage in loan issuance business or use loan issuance as a daily business activity” and other provisions, this case applies for execution People lend large amounts of funds to an unspecified number of people, breaking through the statutory interest red line in the form of interest, account management fees, rapid approval fees, liquidated damages, etc. The annual interest rate within the repayment period reaches 38%, and the overdue liquidated damages rate reaches 182.5% for borrowing Earning high interest rates for the industry seriously disrupted the economic and financial order and social order. The execution of the arbitration award violated the public interest of the society, so it was decided not to execute it.

The Paper noted that in September 2019, the Dazhou Intermediate People's Court rejected a total of 48 applications for such arbitration enforcement in which "Li Yongming" was the applicant.

On March 28, Ms. Cao told The Paper that 21 days after being deducted 4,942 yuan by Baofu, after complaining, she received a refund of 1,490 yuan from Hexiang Company. "The three loans were calculated at an annual interest rate of 24%. All the interest has been settled." Then, she received a call from Baofu's customer service, "Requesting to withdraw the complaint on the complaint platform."

The Paper noted that now Ms. Cao's complaint link can no longer be opened.

Routine 2: Fill in a verification code and start deducting money

According to multiple complainants, another “disgusting” method of deduction is that they only downloaded a loan app and filled in personal identities such as bank card numbers. Information, or registration as a member, without paying attention, will be directly deducted by the relevant company through a third-party payment agency in the name of "service fee", "membership fee", "evaluation fee", etc.

On March 16, Mr. Li told The Paper about his experience of risking being deducted by "routine" on an app called "Pumpkin Easy Borrow".

Mr. Li introduced that under the guidance of the online loan salesman, he searched and downloaded the "Pumpkin Easy Borrow" App through Baidu. After downloading, he filled in the receiving bank account and entered. It showed that his smart assessment limit was 56561 yuan. He did not read the small gray "Pumpkin Easy Loan Service Agreement" and clicked the eye-catching "Get the money now". The App immediately displays, "The system is verifying your identity, please enter the SMS verification code".

has been fooled. Look carefully at this verification text message sent from a "1069175851033" number. It says: [Xunlian Zhipay] verification code 421631. Your bank card with ending number xxxx is currently borrowing from Pumpkin Easy Use quick payment, valid within 3 minutes, if you have any questions, please contact customer service 4000938798.

The notification on the "Pumpkin Easy Borrow" App and the SMS actually received by Mr. Li.

Mr. Li did not enter the verification code that was actually used for payment verification, luckily he was not routine. However, The Paper noted that as of March 28, there were 664 complaints about black cats and 20 complaints about "Pumpkin Easy Loan" on the complaint. They reflected almost the same situation as Mr. Li and said they had suffered actual loss. One of the complainants of

said on the Black Cat complaint on March 12, 2020, “Pumpkin Easy lent a fake quota to enter the SMS verification code that would normally be received after the operation, and then the bank card was deducted 287 Yuan.” The complainant stated that he was in an epidemic area in Hubei and could not go out, so he wanted to apply for loan turnover, but was cheated. Some people complained after being deducted, "I was just testing the credit limit, and after entering the verification code, I was forcibly deducted." Some complainants lamented, "It was really scraping oil on chicken bones..., the money was deducted without warning during registration." On the afternoon of March 16, The Paper called the above-mentioned customer service number 4000938798, which was consistent with many complaints. , The call was unanswered and was marked as a “fraud call” by Tencent Data.

Some complainants recounted experiences similar to "Pumpkin Easy Borrow", different apps, and the customer service phone number is 4000938798. "On March 2, 2020, I downloaded the Monthly Flower Installment App and clicked on it and they pushed a dozen or so loan platforms. I clicked on Koi Flower. After I went in, I asked me to enter my personal information and bank account number. After adding, click OK to transfer 287 yuan from your savings card account!"

The text message from 95580 displayed by the complainant shows: [Postal Savings Bank] verification code: xxxxxx, your bank card ending in 1779 is currently Apply to open UnionPay cardless fast payment for merchants of Shenzhen Post Bank Shenzhen Xunlian Zhifu Network Co., Ltd. The other one shows: [Postal Savings Bank] At 19:13 on March 2, 20, the quick amount of your account number 779 is 287 yuan, and the balance is *** yuan.

In addition, on the Black Cat complaint on March 17, there were also complaints about malicious deductions by the "Koi Huabai" platform, and the platform's customer service number was also 4000938798.

The Paper found that "Pumpkin Easy to Borrow" and "Koi Flower" cannot be retrieved on multiple mobile application platforms, but they can be searched and downloaded. The company behind "Pumpkin Easy Loan" is also difficult to find.

and "Xunlian Zhipay" is a third-party payment institution that obtained the payment business license issued by the central bank in 2014. The full name of the company is "Shenzhen Xunlian Smart Payment Network Co., Ltd." with a registered capital of 200 million yuan. It is a wholly-owned holding company of ZTE. "The company is committed to providing government and corporate users with safe and professional payment, investment and financing transactions. Financial Services".

On March 16, an article published by Sina News stated that in the complaint of Black Cat, Pumpkin Easy borrowed 19 hours to resolve consumer complaints. The article stated that the 287 yuan deduction reported by the complainant was actually to pay the membership fee for one-year VIP members of the Pumpkin Easy Borrow platform. Consumers can apply for a refund via the "Report Not Payment" button on the Pumpkin Easy Borrow App.

The Paper noted that the refund page displayed in the article needs to upload the front and back sides of the applicant’s ID card, and the front side photo of the applicant holding the ID card. In the complaint,

was accused of having apps similar to this "fishing" routine, as well as Doudou Optimum, Sakura Installment, Money Use, My Loan, Doudouqian, Qianzhan, etc. In its 2019 summary of complaints from third-party payment institutions, the platform stated that some payment companies have been complained of providing services for "Gao Pao" Gaoli Net Loan, and some apps that have been complained of malicious deductions have also received approval from some payment companies.service. Some mobile borrowing apps that claim "high loan limit", "quick loan", "borrowing application passed" etc. induce netizens to download and register to fill in the information. After netizens submit their identity information and bind their bank cards, the platform will charge a service fee , Membership fees, evaluation fees and other nominal deductions ranging from 199 yuan to 299 yuan. The platform lists more than 90 such malicious deduction apps.

"These apps look like borrowing and lending, but in fact they specialize in other people's bank card balances. If they are reported, they will change to another vest and continue at a very low cost." A person who has been following the online lending industry for a long time told The Paper.

Routine 3: Unknowingly "unintentional deduction"

In addition to the deduction caused by the unintentional leakage of personal information mentioned above, several complainants also said that in daily life, such as buying microwave ovens, recharging phone bills, and finding Part-time jobs are also facing the situation of being deducted by "routine". Some complainants emphasized that they had been "stolen" in a completely "insensitive" situation.

For example, on October 18, 2019, a complainant stated in the Black Cat complaint that he had uninstalled the Qiancheng Wuyou App for three or four days, and was detained without any prior verification code and without any notice. The deduction SMS notification is "evaluation fee". The evidence submitted by the complainant of

showed that he was deducted 168 yuan from the verification without SMS. After being deducted, I received a notification message: [Qiancheng Wuyou] Dear user, you purchased a personal risk self-check assessment report for 168 yuan at 11:36 2019-10-15 11:36, and a payment of 168 yuan has been generated. Details Please go to the app to check, if you have any questions, please call the customer service hotline: 4007628399.

SMS received by the complainant.

The Paper found that the 4007628399 number was also marked by Tencent data as a "fraud phone". The reporter dialed the number and got feedback "Sorry, no such business number".

A company called Hengfu Chuangrong Technology responded to the complaint on the black cat complaint platform, and the reply content was hidden. But the complaint was not resolved. In the black cat complaint, there are 7,724 complaints related to "Qiancheng Wuyou", 7,698 have been replied, and 7,536 have been completed.

Among them, on January 19, 2020, a real-name complainant stated that “I didn’t borrow money on the Qiancheng Wuyou Borrowing Platform for a long time, but instead deducted more than 300 yuan from me.” The evidence provided by the complainant showed , The Bank of China card with a balance of only 348.12 yuan was deducted three times from 11:48-12:19 on October 19, 2019, totaling 249 yuan. The bank account information shows that the counterparty account is: (special appointment) Shenzhen Hengfu Chuangrong Technology Co., Ltd. Transaction channel: pos machine. According to the business registration of

, Shenzhen Hengfu Chuangrong Technology Co., Ltd.'s product is a "willful flower wallet", which was approved by the Shenzhen Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau on November 5, 2019, because "the registered residence or business place cannot be contacted". And included in the list of business exceptions. In Tianyan Check, the "Questions and Answers about this company" on the company's page are all complaints that the company has deducted from 84 yuan to 168 yuan inexplicably.

It is worth mentioning that what is worse than filling in the verification code for deduction is that this type of deduction is not only simple and crude, but also more secretive and low-key, "unconsciously". And after being deducted, the deduction channel information that can be found is more limited, and some are only displayed as "pos machine".

Peng Mei News noticed that among the many complaints from consumers, it is not a minority that the name of the deduction payment company or the deduction agency does not have a payment license.

For example, on March 6, a complainant posted that Xiao Benfu had stolen RMB 274,998 from him for no reason. The evidence provided by the complainant showed that the deductions were deducted four times, of which the largest deduction was 130,000 yuan, which only showed the name of the merchant: Xiaobenfu Commercial Bank, and the description of the transaction: consumption. There is no information other than that. The complaint platform forwarded the complaint information to Bank of Qingdao, the bank where the complainant opened the complaint, via email on March 15.

Although "Xiao Benfu" has the word "Pay", the payment license issued by the central bank cannot be found. According to the data from Tianyan Check, Xiaobenfu Commercial Bank was established on March 13, 2018, with its registered address in Lhasa, Tibet, operating retail businesses such as tobacco and alcohol. On March 16, the complainant told The Paper that he had been deducted for some reason, and the case has been filed by the local police.

For example, Mr. Huang from Guangxi once complained that on May 21, 2019On the same day, I entered a low-interest platform through a QR code, and then was asked to operate the four platforms inside to borrow separately. Subsequently, his loan application was approved within 2 minutes, and it was shown that the bank card actually received 1750 yuan, and the 2500 yuan was repaid within 7 days. He found that this was a typical routine loan, 7 days of anti-aircraft artillery, and the beheading rate was terribly high. He said to the other party that "take the money back, I can't play with you", but the other party said that he had paid.

Mr. Huang did not expect that behind the "routine loan", there is actually a "routine deduction" immediately behind it.

On March 16, he told The Paper that after 7 days of borrowing, his bank card was deducted by a third-party payment agency, which directly deducted 2,500 yuan. He did not report the case because he only knew that the deduction company was called "Hui Fu", and he did not find the full name of the company. It is not uncommon for

to provide illegal online payment services. According to a report issued by the Ministry of Public Security on December 29, 2019, public security agencies across the country uncovered 15 major illegal online payment cases in 2019, involving more than 54 billion yuan. Among them, in the "Shenzhen Aibei Company" case cracked by Dalian police in Liaoning, the platform used "aggregate payment" as a guise to provide illegal fund payment and settlement services to others, and the amount involved was more than 9.2 billion yuan. In the "Kain Card Company" case uncovered by Zhejiang Jinyun police, bank staff colluded with illegal payment platforms inside and outside to commit crimes. In a case uncovered by the police in Hanchuan, Hubei, the platform involved set up 72 illegal payment channels for use by criminals, with a transaction amount of more than 13.1 billion yuan.