"Outside the long pavilion, on the edge of the old road, green grass and green sky..." Singer Piao Shu sang this song "Farewell" at the recording site of a music program.
He said: "If I could write such a song, it would be worth it to die there."
Maybe Li Shutong never thought that his work would make people cry in a hundred years.
Li Shutong has many titles, such as a famous musician, art educator, calligrapher, drama activist, and Buddhist master. He is Zhang Ailing’s most respected person. Zhang Ailing once wrote: "Don’t think I am a proud person, I have never been Yes, at least, outside the walls of Master Hongyi’s temple, I’m so humble. "
There are many factors for master Li Shutong, but his "ruthlessness" must be the most important factor, whether it is for lovers, friends, or Li Shutong himself was full of decisiveness. Whether it was for the former dust or for the present, his attitude was always extremely harsh.
If you want to rate Li Shutong's "ruthless" from a spiritual level, he can be described as "the most ruthless person in the Republic of China."
01 Xuezi: "Mr. Pursue all living beings, why hurt me alone?"
If "determination" is a sufficient and unnecessary condition to become a ruthless person, then Li Shutong is definitely a high-ranking player. In his life,
faced many moments of choice.
On the West Lake in 1918, two wooden boats were rowed from the south to the north, one male and one female standing bows, one wearing a simple monk's clothing, and the other wearing a foreign kimono. The woman
said slowly: tomorrow I will return home.
Monk Road: Good. After
was silent for a moment, she wanted to keep the person in front of her for the last time: uncle...
monk replied: Please call me Hongyi. "
" Master Hongyi, please tell me what love is. "
" Love is compassion. "
" never looked back, and swayed towards the center of the lake with one oar and one oar, uncle. Madam Tong came home crying." The educator Huang Yanpei recalled the farewell scene of Li Shutong and her Japanese wife Xuezi.
15 years ago, after his mother died, Li Shutong changed his name to Li Ai and went to Japan to study alone.
In the autumn of 1906, Li Shutong was admitted to the Oil Painting Department of Tokyo Academy of Fine Arts and became the first Chinese student studying oil painting. Xuezi was his model and later became his lover.
When Li Shutong returned to China, Xuezi decided to follow him to China, regardless of his long-term wife and the opposition of his family, and became his wife in Shanghai, Yishi IKEA, which lasted eight years in a blink of an eye.
When he converted to the Three Treasures at Hupao Daci Temple in Hangzhou, there were four words posted on Li Shutong's Buddhist monastery: "Although I am dead", which means that although I am alive, you will treat me as dead.
A student asked the mage: "What does the teacher do to become a monk?" Li Shutong said flatly: "Doing nothing." The student asked again: "Tolerate to throw flesh and blood?" He replied: "Personal affairs are impermanent, such as death from a sudden illness, and want not to throw away. You can get it again?"
Xuezi is just the tip of the iceberg among the many worldly ties. For Li Shutong, the things he gave up cruelly are more than Xuezi.
In 1880, Li Shutong was born in the home of a distinguished Tianjin. His father Li Xiaolou named him Li Wentao, the word Shutong, and his mother was the fourth concubine in the family. His mother was 17 years old when he was born, and his father was 71 years old. .
Li Shutong is talented and intelligent. At the age of five, he could read "Selected Works of Zhaoming" aloud and was known as a child prodigy. When his father Li Xiaolou passed away, Li Hongzhang, the governor of Zhili province, came to express his condolences. Seeing Li Shutong's cleverness and love, he asserted: "This son will be a masterpiece in the future." When
was 15 years old, he read books and wrote verses. Life is like a day in the west, and wealth is like frost on the grass." So he became obsessed with opera and sometimes played guest roles.
An actress named Yang Cuixi attracted his attention, so he went to "Tianxianyuan" to cheer for him every day. After the show, he accompanied her home with a lantern. He also guided Yang Cuixi's voice and body to make Yang Cuixi's art. The cultivation base has been greatly improved, and that is his first love.
However, the mother couldn’t see her son ganging up with the "Bian Xing" day by day, and decided to find a marriage for him. At the age of 18, Li Shutong married the tea merchant’s daughter Yu as his wife, and his brother Wenxi allocated 300,000 yuan. For his homeuse.
At that time, Li Shutong felt the ups and downs of the times and has been paying attention to the reforms. On the day the reform failed, Li Shutong tore up the newspaper, screamed up to the sky, turned back to the house, and carved the seal of "Nanhai Kangliang is my teacher". Because of this seal, he was implicated and took his mother and wife away from Shanghai.
Because of his unparalleled talent, Li Shutong quickly became famous in the Shanghai literary world. He formed a friendship with Yuan Xilian, Xu Huanyuan, Cai Xiaoxiang, and Zhang Xiaolou. He was known as the "Five Friends of the End of the World".
Li Shutong has an unprecedented status in art. He is the founder of China's first drama group "Chun Liushe", the originator of Chinese oil painting, and the pioneer of modern Chinese songs. These seemingly abstract titles are behind Li Shutong. The ultimate love of art.
However, before he became a monk, he gifted or destroyed all his collection of books, calligraphy and paintings, folding fans, etc., which he regarded as treasures, and swears after he was ordained: non-Buddha books, no books, non-Buddha words and no words.
Two wives, three children, countless achievements, life winner Li Shutong puts down a life that others can't live for several lifetimes. Why is
so ruthless? What exactly does Li Shutong pursue? This is a topic that people have been arguing about.
His disciple Feng Zikai's words seem to be more relevant: "I think human life can be divided into three levels: one is material life, the other is spiritual life, and the third is soul life. Material life is food and clothing. Spiritual life is academic Art. Soul life is religion. The highest point of art is close to religion. The last apex of the two-story escalator is the three-story building, so Master Hongyi's sublimation from art to religion is inevitable. "
who loves him, All are sad for him, but those who understand him don't think he is affectionate.
02 Feng Zikai: "When we were in music class, we were more serious than all other classes."
The "heartless" Li Shutong also upholds his own ruthless way in making friends and educating people, and making friends with Li Shu has never been "easy". word.
In the eyes of my friend Ouyang Yuqian, Li Shu is not a perfect person: "Since he played "La Traviata", many people think he is a very romantic and interesting person. Who knows his temper is abnormal. Cold."
During their study in Japan, the two formed a deep friendship because they co-founded the "Spring Willow Society". Once Li Shu and Ouyang Yuqian asked Ouyang Yuqian to see him at 8 o'clock in the morning. Li Shu lived by the Ueno Shintobi Pool, far apart. , There is always some delay in catching the tram.
waited until Ouyang Yuqian arrived at him, and the business card was handed in. Not long after, he opened the window and said: "I have an appointment with you at eight o'clock, but you have already passed five minutes. I have no time now. We'll have another appointment another day." After speaking, he nodded and closed the windows and doors and went in. Ouyang Yuqian knew his temper, so she turned her head and left.
Friendship is in vain in front of Li Shutong's principles. No matter who touches his red line, he will never tolerate it. Treating everyone equally, this is the advanced cultivation of a qualified and ruthless person. After
became a monk, Li Shutong hardly saw any visitors. The visitor diligently asked that he retired silently with the phrase "Recite the Buddha honestly." The old man wrote and told the postman that "this person will go and return to the original address".
is not only demanding of friends, Li Shutong even "instigated" friends to commit suicide.
In 1912, Li Shutong was invited to Hangzhou to work as a teacher of music and drawing in Zhejiang two-level normal school, and Xia Mianzun was a colleague.
Once the student dormitory was stolen, no evidence was found. As a housekeeper, Xia Mianzun felt inadequate in management, unable to solve cases, and was in deep distress. So I went to Li Shutong for advice, Li Shutong said, this matter is easy to handle.
Li Shutong pointed him, "If you publish a notice saying that the thief will voluntarily surrender, such as those who have not surrendered within three days, it shows that the dormitory is not honest and swears to die for education. If it can, it will definitely move people. Someone must surrender. This must be honest. If no one surrenders after three days, you must commit suicide. Otherwise, it will be ineffective."
Xia Mianzun was shocked. He admitted that Li Shutong’s words were reasonable, but he did not implement them. Emboldened. Then I thought about it again, if I changed to Li Shutong, he would definitely implement it, so Xia Mianzun changed "suicide" to "hunger strike". Sure enough, within three days, the thief surrendered.
Everything is extremely true, which is almost pathological in the eyes of others, in Li ShutongIt seems that it is the foundation of life.
Japanese teacher Toshihide Honda is very arrogant and only "fears" Li Shutong. Once I went to Li Shutong’s office to get pen and ink. Before starting the pen, someone was specially arranged to watch the wind, saying that as soon as Li Shutong came back, he had to notify him immediately, because "I dare not enter his office, and I dare not use pen and ink."
Teachers who don't talk too much are often nightmares for students. Feng Zikai once recalled that when Li Shutong looked at him more than anything else.
Feng Zikai's music aptitude is mediocre. At the beginning, he often made mistakes because of his nervousness during the music class. The piano played in a mess. Every time he made a mistake, Li Shutong looked up at him once. Without saying a word of criticism, Feng Zikai was frightened.
But Feng Zikai is a genius in painting. Li Shutong remembered it in his eyes. Once, a young and energetic Feng Zikai was dissatisfied with the arrogant words and deeds of the director of training, and faced the risk of being expelled because of physical conflict with him. Immediately apologized to the teachers and students of the school, saying: "The teacher's responsibility is the teacher's responsibility for the student's failure to teach." Feng Zikai was saved from expulsion.
"If you want to be a good literary artist, you must first learn how to be a good person. A literary artist has no measure and knowledge, no matter how exquisite his skills are, it is insignificant." This teacher's teaching has always been followed by Feng Zikai as a creed for life , Eventually become a generation of everyone.
Contrary to Feng Zikai. Among Li Shutong’s many students, Liu Zhiping has the highest musical aptitude. One day, Liu Zhiping made a piece of music, and asked the teacher for advice. Li Shutong took it and looked, and suddenly said, "Come to me in the music classroom tonight."
There was heavy snow that night. When Liu Zhiping came to the classroom on time, he found that the doors and windows were closed and there was no sound inside, but there was no sound in the corridor. There were already footprints, and out of courtesy, he did not push the door without authorization, but stood in front of the porch, waiting in the wind and snow.
came here for a long time, the lights in the classroom lit up, and the door rang, Li Shutong walked out with a pocket watch in his hand, and said: "The time is correct, you can taste the wind and snow, you can go back." It turned out that he was there. Investigate the mind of students.
Liu Zhiping's family is poor, so Li Shu also often subsidizes his tuition. Although Li Shutong has two families in Tianjin and Shanghai to support, he still saves 20 yuan from his monthly salary to support Liu Zhiping.
Li Shutong always seems to be able to exude a strong aura, reminding others that "you can only see from a distance", but when the peerless ruthless person occasionally reveals his warm side, you will understand his realm and charm better.
03 Xia Mianzun: "This handkerchief is too torn. Would you like to change it for you?"
is cruel to others and to yourself, which is a kind of acrimony; cruel to others, more cruel to yourself, can be regarded as a real cruel person, Uncle Li This concept is implemented in all aspects of your life.
In the drama "La Traviata", Li Shutong played Margaret in reverse. In order to get closer to the female figure, Li Shutong fasted for a few days. He, who was already thin, had his waist thinner than a woman.
This fast is only a short experiment. In order to further temper himself, in the winter of 1916, 37-year-old Li Shu entered Hangzhou Hupao Dinghui Temple, fasted for 17 days, and wrote his 17-day experience into the famous "Fasting Journal.
After the fast, Li Shutong felt light and joyful in body and mind, and "gradually realized" in Buddhism.
Liang Qichao once said: "The so-called new scholars in the late Qing Dynasty are all related to Buddhism." At that time, Kang Youwei studied Buddhism and tried to explain the reform through Buddhism. Liang Qichao read Buddhist scriptures and wrote the famous "On Buddhism and Politics". "Group", Lu Xun also read Buddhist scriptures, hoping to find a habitat in the troubled times.
Uncle Li read the scriptures to the extreme, but he read the scriptures to the extreme. At the age of 39, he shuffled in Hupao Temple, ingested the dust, escaped into the empty door, and became Master Hongyi ever since.
Lvzong is the most difficult one in Buddhism practice. Nanshan Lvzong has lost its true transmission since the Southern Song Dynasty. Master Hongyi used half his life to organize and edit the Lvzong, and carry the contents of the three major Nanshan Lvshu schools. The Tao has enabled the Lvzong, which has been lost for hundreds of years, to be promoted again, and it is the eleventh generation of Lvzong.
He seems to be always pursuing the perfection, grind himself with suffering, but can get happiness from suffering. On the way to Jiuhua Mountain, Master Hongyi passed through Ningbo and had a chance to get together with his old friend Xia Mianzun. While cleaning the room for him, Xia Mianzun found that Master Hongyi’s towel was in tatters and couldn’t help saying: "This towel is too torn. Can I change one for you?"
"Where! It's easy to use, and it's almost the same as the new one." Hiroshi opened the torn handkerchief valuably and showed him it, meaning it could still be used, and then took it to the lake to wash.
Yinhong did not eat after lunch, but before noon the next day, Xia Mianzun delivered rice and two bowls of vegetarian dishes. The bowl was just some cabbage and the like, in the eyes of Master Hongyi, it was almost a delicacy. , Solemnly picking up a piece of cabbage with chopsticks, Xia Mianzun recalled: "I almost shed tears of joy and shame when I saw it!"
Xia Mianzun felt that one of the bowls was too salty, but Master Hongyi said: "Ok! Salty! There is also a salty taste, and good!"
In the eyes of Master Hongyi, everything in the world is slowly tasted, and it is good, salty and salty, light and mild. The world is not satisfied, and the world is in the heart. .
On the other hand, Master Hongyi has amazing self-discipline, always using the strictest requirements to urge himself.
Once, Feng Zikai sent him a roll of rice paper asking for the Buddha's title. If there was more rice paper, the master wrote to ask how to deal with the excess rice paper? On another occasion, Feng Zikai sent a stamp to Li Shutong, and Li Shutong sent it back to Feng Zikai because it was a little extra. From then on, Feng Zikai will indicate in the letter: if there is any excess, it will be given to the mage.
Feng Zikai went to see the teacher and saw him using twine to tie socks, so he bought some wide and tight belts to give him. Li Shutong thought it was a foreign product and repeatedly refused. Feng Zikai said: "This is a domestic product, we can make it ourselves." He just accepted it. Every time
goes, Master Hongyi must first make three covenants: first, not to be a teacher; second, not to hold a welcome party; third, not to advertise. Among the vegetarian dishes, he never eats Chinese cabbage, winter bamboo shoots, and shiitake mushrooms because their prices are several times more expensive than other vegetarian dishes.
34 years old Buddha, Master Hongyi lives in extreme self-discipline every day, suffers from attachments, but is always fighting against "ego attachment". When
was dying, he said to Master Miaolian: "When you were helping me in reading, you saw tears in my eyes. This is not because I miss the world or my loved ones, but I remember the regrets of my life."
On his short table, there was his last ink mark on an old letter paper: the intersection of sadness and joy.
What is the name, love, and life. In order to find these answers, his life is always unkind, and he is ruthless to the common people and himself, but to the extreme, he sublimates into compassion.
The phoenix nirvana, rebirth from the ashes, such a cruel resignation, I am afraid that only Li Shutong can do it.
Conclusion
In 1942, Master Hongyi passed away in the late Qing room of Wenling Nursing Home at Buerci Temple in Quanzhou. Before he passed away, he repeatedly told his disciples to put his body in a niche, and put a bowl under each of the four feet of the niche, and fill the bowl with water to prevent the ants and insects from climbing on the body and being innocently burned to death during cremation.
When a group of friends in his lifetime received a letter from the master, he had been away for a long time. The letter read:
is a friend of gentlemen, it is as pale as water. Seeking for an image is a thousand miles away.
asked Yu Heshi, Gur forgot to say. Huazhi is full of spring, and Tianxin is full of moon. The content of each letter is the same, except that the date of death is empty.
Lin Yutang commented on Li Shutong like this: "He is one of the most talented geniuses in our era, and also the strangest person, the most independent person. He once belonged to our era, but finally abandoned this era. , Jumped out of the red dust."
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