Can a straw boat borrow 100,000 arrows?
Who can make the most of it?
Is it true that Sima Guang smashed the vat?
Can you really read a book with the light of chisel wall and capsule firefly?
...
When you recited historical allusions as a child, did you have any doubts in your mind whether it was literary fiction or true? You might as well watch the documentary "Science in Allusions" launched by CCTV. This film provides an in-depth analysis of the scientific principles behind various allusions to prove their authenticity. The first season was launched and attracted many friends of all ages with its unique perspective.
Curiosity is the driving force and core competitiveness of children’s desire to explore the world. It is also the basis for cultivating children’s interest in science and innovation ability. If you can appreciate traditional culture while also understanding the scientific wisdom within it, a high-quality participatory documentary will indeed be much more impressive than dry knowledge indoctrination.
The second season poster of "Science in Allusions"
Recently, the second season of "Science in Allusions" has been launched and will be broadcast on cctv-9. The second season selected 6 famous allusions in history. These allusions are also closely related to children's teaching materials. For example, "Cao Chong weighs the elephant" is a story that appears in the second-grade textbook, and "The old horse knows the way" appears in the eighth-grade classical Chinese text.
The old horse knows the way
Each episode of the documentary begins with an interesting animation, which reproduces classic allusions such as Cao Chong weighing an elephant, lying on the ground listening to the sound, invulnerability, being as light as a swallow, an old horse knowing the way, and a thousand-mile embankment collapsing in an ant nest to help children understand intuitively.
Listen to the Sound
Light as a Swallow
If you mention "invulnerability", besides soft hedgehog armor, golden bell cover, and iron cloth shirt, what else can you think of?
In "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the resourceful and strategizing Zhuge Liang once suffered in the face of a kind of "invulnerable" protective gear. When Zhuge Liang went to conquer the Southern Barbarians, the leader Meng Huo invited the Tengjia soldiers from the Ugo Kingdom to fight against the Shu army. Wearing special rattan armor, the vine armor soldiers were invulnerable and unsinkable in water. The famous Shu Han general Wei Yan even called them "unbeatable". So, does the "invulnerable" rattan armor in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" really exist?
In fact, in Awaizhai Village, Yaopu Town, Economic Development Zone, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, the strong rattan armor culture of the Three Kingdoms is still preserved.
How strong is the toughness of Ivy? A piece of ivy can easily pull a 1.5-ton sightseeing car without any signs of breaking.
Why does the seemingly slender ivy have such strong toughness? The secret lies in its internal structure. The ivy is made up of dozens of filaments twisted around a main tendon, which is exactly the same as the structure of a steel cable. When the outer filaments are twisted together, the external force can be evenly distributed to the entire ivy. They work together and support each other, making the overall rattan show super toughness.
In the film
, with a strong defensive structure, the Longquan sword, which can instantly split the 8 stacked copper coins in two, is used to chop the vine armor. The vine armor actually plays a protective role. Of course, the sword stabbing method still causes damage. Deep, serious injuries. Intuitive scientific experiments allow us to see the legendary power and shortcomings of rattan armor.
Copper coins
"A thousand-mile embankment collapses in an ant's nest" is a metaphor for how small things will lead to big disasters if not taken care of. From a scientific perspective, this allusion reveals the principle that quantitative accumulation can cause qualitative changes.
During the process of building a nest, termites excavate the soil and form an ant nest. These ant nests will gradually expand under the action of rain erosion and river water infiltration, thus affecting the stability of the embankment. Once the ant nest reaches a certain level, it may cause the dam to collapse. "A Thousand Miles of Embankment Collapses in an Ant Nest" raises a thought-provoking question: Can ants really make the embankment collapse?
A thousand-mile dike breaks in an ant nest
First of all, researchers corrected our misunderstanding. The ants that caused the collapse of the dike were not the brown ants we thought, but termites. Termites are not white ants, they are two completely different species.
Termites have lived on the earth for more than 120 million years, far longer than humans and ants.From an evolutionary perspective, ants are closer to bees, while termites are close relatives to cockroaches. Sometimes, ants even prey on termites.
Why do ants have to shoulder the blame for the destruction of embankments? It turns out that ants don't have such high requirements for light. They can tolerate light, so their nests are relatively shallow, usually more than 50 centimeters. Termites are afraid of light, so they make their nests deeper and hide in the soil early. It can be seen that ants have been misunderstood by people for thousands of years.
The structure of a termite nest
How do termites destroy the dam? Scientific witnesses take everyone to see its underground kingdom. A main termite nest can accommodate dozens of secondary nests, and each nest is connected by ant tunnels, and the distribution radius of the ant tunnels can reach tens of meters. Ant nests extend in all directions and connect with each other, and some can even penetrate the inner and outer slopes of the dam. It turns out that tiny termites rely on their carefully designed and well-constructed nests and ant paths to destroy the soil under the embankment.
In history, the ancients tried countless methods to solve the "ant problem", and finally confirmed the scientific nature of the "hole plugging method". So how do modern people solve this problem? Similar to the ancients, people poured slurry into the dam body through ant paths, which not only filled the termite nests but also strengthened the dam body, killing two birds with one stone.
According to legend, once, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty and Zhao Feiyan went boating to enjoy the scenery. The flying swallows danced gracefully, and the servant Feng Wufang played the sheng to accompany them. Unexpectedly, when the boat was sailing into the lake, a sudden strong wind suddenly blew up, almost blowing Zhao Feiyan down. Feng Wufang flew up and grabbed Zhao Feiyan's feet to lift her up. Feiyan continued to dance calmly under the lift! This is the allusion of "the body is as light as a swallow".
The allusion of being as light as a swallow
So, from a scientific point of view, how difficult is this operation? Physics teacher Li Yongle gave the answer: "Assuming that the arms are bent at 90 degrees and the person standing on the hands has a weight of 700n (about 71.43 kilograms of force), then the arms need to exert a weight of 7000n (about 714 kilograms of force) to Lift her up, but human muscles and bones cannot bear such a heavy weight."
This is a physics question
What if the weight is smaller? There is no clear record of Zhao Feiyan's height and weight in the history books. Based on the average height and corresponding healthy weight of modern women in my country, and referring to the aesthetic standards of the Han Dynasty in which thinness was considered beautiful, it can be roughly estimated that Zhao Feiyan's height is around 155cm and her weight is less than 40 kilograms.
Zhao Feiyan’s height and weight
In order to have such a slender figure and master the strong balance ability to dance on the palms of his hands, I am afraid he must be a highly skilled acrobat.
How many steps does it take to weigh an elephant? At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao's youngest son, Cao Chong, was only five or six years old at the time. He proposed using a floating boat to weigh the elephant, which is the story of "Cao Chong Weighing the Elephant" that we all learned when we were children.
Looking at it now, what scientific principles are used in "Cao Chong's Weighing the Elephant"? One is Archimedes' principle (the buoyancy force on an object immersed in a stationary fluid = the weight of the fluid displaced by the object), and the other is Newton's third law (the action force and the reaction force are equal and opposite, and they occur simultaneously. disappear at the same time).
Cao Chong said that Xiang
According to historical records, Archimedes' principle was introduced to China around the 17th century, and Newton's third law of motion was also proposed at the end of the 17th century. Obviously, it is impossible for Cao Chong to know these two principles of mechanics.
2 It is recorded in the "Mo Jing" written more than 300 years ago that "the Jing is large, its depth is shallow, and it is said that it depends on the tool." The general idea is: the body is large and the part that sinks into the water is shallow. The principle lies in balance. This is probably the preliminary understanding of the principle of buoyancy by our ancestors. Cao Chong grew up in the palace and was talented and well-read. Perhaps he was inspired by the "Mo Jing" to learn this method.
In addition, are the historical allusions such as "crouching down to listen to the sound" and "an old horse knowing the way" true or false? What scientific principles are contained in it? The documentary also gives the answers one by one.
"Science in Allusions" not only outputs knowledge, but also achieves "easy to understand". The most prominent benefit is that it allows children to develop the habit of asking questions and questioning everything. While asking questions, they can also use science Try to answer questions from different angles and different ways.
This film is produced by the Film and Television Drama Documentary Center of China Central Radio and Television, and is produced by Central New Film Discovery Documentary Media. It uses "participatory documentary" as the leading model, uses interesting animations to elicit allusions, raise questions, and scientifically solicit witnesses for immersive investigation. Tracing origins, multi-angle verification, experts’ fun explanations and experiments, etc., not only bring great viewing pleasure, but also stimulate the audience to think deeply, and also learn about the ancient people’s lifestyle, technological development and social sentiments. The
record team spent 3 years traveling to 40 places across the country to search for evidence, and visited more than 20 authoritative scholars in the fields of history, physics, biology, zoology, acoustics, dance, famous teachers from famous schools, and popular science experts, such as: China Jin Bao, a history expert from the Academy of Social Sciences, Huang Chengming, an animal research expert from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chen Zheng, a well-known science popularization expert and associate professor at the School of Physical Science and Engineering at Beijing Jiaotong University, Huang Qiuying, a professor at Huazhong Agricultural University, Li Shilei, a doctorate in dance from Capital Normal University, and "Science Popularization "Internet celebrity" and Li Yongle, a well-known teacher at the High School Affiliated to Beijing Renmin University, etc., just to better trace the history and explore the scientific truth behind the allusions from various angles.
